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Introduction: Rethinking Technoscientific Globalisation with the Global South
No full textThe introduction of this book rethinks the dynamics of technoscientific globalisation by shifting the lens to the Global South and to actors often relegated to the margins of science and technology. Building on ethnographic case studies from Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the book explores how populations, firms, and institutions participate in innovation, production, extraction, consumption, and revaluation of technologies. Rather than being passive recipients, Global South actors actively shape technological markets through practices of adaptation, inventive copying, informal labour, and alternative value-making strategies. The book argues that looking at technoscientific globalisation “from below” reveals both the deep asymmetries structuring the global order and the diverse capacities of non-hegemonic actors to generate original innovations, infrastructures, and imaginaries. By bringing to light neglected contributions and constraints, the chapters collectively unsettle dominant North-centric narratives of science, technology, and capitalism, and contribute to debates on globalisation, development, and Science and Technology Studies (STS)
Protocol for quantification of circulating immature granulocytes in patients with a chronic myeloid malignancy using flow cytometry
No full textInternational audienceImmature granulocytes (iGRANs) circulating in the peripheral blood of patients with a chronic myeloid malignancy, such as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, are immunosuppressive cells that promote disease progression. Here, we present a multiparameter flow cytometry-based protocol to quantify iGRANs among peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs). We describe steps for collecting and labeling PBMCs. We describe the gating strategy to quantify iGRANs as a fraction of myeloid cells or as an absolute number of circulating cells, which supports patient stratification and monitoring. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Deschamps et al.1
New elements for the history of the Croissant (northernmost Occitan area)
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L'instruction en famille : des profits scolaires inégaux, liés à des éducations et des situations sociales différenciées
No full textInternational audienceHere, we analyze 13 interviews with families practicing homeschooling (IEF), located between the lower middle and upper middle classes. We highlight that the reasons for resorting to IEF, and the educational practices implemented, differ according to social position. Families in lower socioeconomic groups often choose IEF due to their child's academic difficulties. These parents, who do not always have the educational capital to support their children, implement family time alternating free leisure activities with formally focused academic time. The boundaries are blurred further among families in higher socioeconomic groups: academically and culturally valuable learning is transmitted in school situations but also in moments that, while seemingly "informal," are in reality very dense with learning, even if spontaneous. In these environments, children's own activities also contribute to giving them added value. Finally, the text addresses the fact that mothers, who are instrumental in managing homeschooling, operate in situations that are more or less comfortable and affluent, depending on their social situation, particularly financial.Nous analysons ici 13 entretiens avec des familles pratiquantl’instruction en famille (IEF), situées entre les pôles inférieursdes catégories moyennes et les catégories moyennes/supérieures.Nous mettons en lumière que les raisons de recourir à l’IEF,et les pratiques éducatives mises en oeuvre, diffèrent selon laposition sociale. Les familles moins bien situées font souventle choix de l’IEF du fait de difficultés scolaires de leur enfant.Ces parents, qui n’ont pas toujours les capitaux scolaires poursuivre les enfants, mettent en oeuvre un temps familial alternantloisirs gratuits scolairement et moments très scolaires dans laforme. Les frontières se brouillent davantage chez les familles lesmieux situées : les apprentissages scolairement et culturellementrentables sont transmis dans des situations scolaires mais aussidans des moments qui, d’allure « informelle », sont en réalitétrès denses en apprentissages, fussent-ils spontanés. Dans cesmilieux, les activités à l’initiative des enfants concourent aussi àleur donner de la valeur ajoutée. Le texte aborde enfin le fait queles mères, à la manoeuvre dans la gestion de l’IEF, opèrent dans dessituations plus ou moins confortables et aisées, selon leur situationsociale, notamment financière
Adjunctive corticosteroids in non-AIDS patients with severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PIC): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in HIV-negative immunocompromised patients has a hospital mortality rate of 30-50%. Adjunctive corticosteroids improve outcomes of P jirovecii pneumonia in HIV-positive patients. The aim of this trial was to assess the effects of early adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for 21 days in HIV-negative patients with P jirovecii pneumonia responsible for acute hypoxaemia respiratory failure.Methods: This multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted at 27 hospitals in France. We included patients with acute respiratory failure, aged 18 years or older with mild-to-severe hypoxaemia, microbiological documentation of P jirovecii pneumonia, and anti-Pneumocystis treatment duration of less than 7 days. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to the corticosteroid group (adjunctive corticosteroid therapy of methylprednisolone intravenously, 30 mg twice per day from days 1 to 5, 30 mg once per day from days 6 to 10, and 20 mg once per day until day 21) or placebo group (2 mL or 3 mL syringes of isotonic saline intravenously) using a web-based system. Permutation blocks of fixed size unknown to the local investigators were used. Stratification factors were centre, long-term corticosteroid treatment started more than 1 month before enrolling in the trial, underlying disease (malignancy vs other), and oxygen needs at randomisation (<6 vs ≥6 L per min). The primary outcome was all-cause 28-day mortality defined as the proportion of patients who died within 28 days, analysed in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02944045 (closed).Findings: From Feb 23, 2017, to Feb 23, 2024, 466 patients with acute respiratory failure were assessed for eligibility. Of those, 240 were excluded and 226 patients were randomly assigned (114 assigned to the placebo group and 112 assigned to the corticosteroid group). The ITT population included 111 patients in the placebo group and 107 in the corticosteroid group. Median age was 67 years (IQR 59-73). 126 (58%) patients were male and 92 (42%) were female. Nearly all patients (208 [95%]) were in the ICU or intermediate care at randomisation. The median time from P jirovecii pneumonia diagnosis to corticosteroid therapy initiation was 3 days (IQR 2-5). Patients received trial treatment for 13 days (range 7-20). All-cause 28-day mortality occurred in 36 (32·4%) patients in the placebo group versus 23 (21·5%) in the corticosteroid group (mean difference 10·9% [95% CI -0·9 to 22·5]; p=0·069). There were no significant differences in safety outcomes between groups, especially for all secondary infections (38 [34·2%; 95% CI 25·4 to 43·1] patients in the placebo group vs 25 [23·4%; 15·3 to 31·4] in the corticosteroid group) or insulin needs (25 [22·5%; 15·1 to 31·4] vs 33 [30·8%; 22·3 to 40·5]).Interpretation: In immunocompromised HIV-negative patients with P jirovecii pneumonia, adjunctive corticosteroid treatment did not significantly decrease 28-day mortality.Funding: French Ministry of Health
Marked limits in -categories
No full text77 pages, comments are welcomeInternational audienceWe study four types of (co)cartesian fibrations of -bicategories over a given base B,and prove that they encode the four variance flavors of B-indexed diagrams of -categories. Wethen use this machinery to setup a general theory of marked (co)limits for diagrams valued in an-bicategory, capable of expressing lax, weighted and pseudo limits. When the -bicategory athand arises from a model category tensored over marked simplicial sets, we show that this notionof marked (co)limit can be calculated as a suitable form of a weighted homotopy limit on the modelcategorical level, thus showing in particular the existence of these marked (co)limits in a wide rangeof examples. We finish by discussing a notion of cofinality appropriate to this setting and use it todeduce the unicity of marked (co)limits, provided they exis
Parking on the Random Recursive Tree
No full text15 pages, 5 figures; comments are welcome !We study the parking process on the random recursive tree. We first prove that although the random recursive tree has a non-degenerate Benjamini-Schramm limit, the phase transition for the parking process appears at density 0. We then identify the critical window for appearance of a positive flux of cars with high probability. In the case of binary car arrivals, this happens at density log(n) -2+o(1) where n is the size of the tree. This is the first work that studies the parking process on trees with possibly large degree vertices.</div
Reliability and Accuracy of the Fitbit Charge 4 Photoplethysmography Heart Rate Sensor in Ecological Conditions : Validation Study
No full textInternational audienceBackground :Wrist-worn photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors allow for continuous heart rate (HR) measurement without the inconveniences of wearing a chest belt. Although green light PPG technology reduces HR measurement motion artifacts, only a limited number of studies have investigated the reliability and accuracy of wearables in non–laboratory-controlled conditions with actual specific and various physical activity movements. Objective : The purpose of this study was to (1) assess the reliability and accuracy of the PPG-based HR sensor of the Fitbit Charge 4 (FC4) in ecological conditions and (2) quantify the potential variability caused by the nature of activities. Methods :We collected HR data from participants who performed badminton, tennis, orienteering running, running, cycling, and soccer while simultaneously wearing the FC4 and the Polar H10 chest belt (criterion sensor). Skin tone was assessed with the Fitzpatrick Skin Scale. Once data from the FC4 and criterion data were synchronized, accuracy and reliability analyses were performed, using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Lin concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs), mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs), and Bland-Altman tests. A linear univariate model was also used to evaluate the effect of skin tone on bias. All analyses were stratified by activity and pooled activity types (racket sports and running sports). Results :A total of 77.5 hours of HR recordings from 26 participants (age: mean 21.1, SD 5.8 years) were analyzed. The highest reliability was found for running sports, with ICCs and CCCs of 0.90 and 0.99 for running and 0.80 and 0.93 for orienteering running, respectively, whereas the ICCs and CCCs were 0.37 and 0.78, 0.42 and 0.88, 0.65 and 0.97, and 0.49 and 0.81 for badminton, tennis, cycling, and soccer, respectively. We found the highest accuracy for running (bias: 0.1 beats per minute [bpm]; MAPE 1.2%, SD 4.6%) and the lowest for badminton (bias: −16.5 bpm; MAPE 16.2%, SD 14.4%) and soccer (bias: −16.5 bpm; MAPE 17.5%, SD 20.8%). Limit of agreement (LOA) width and artifact rate followed the same trend. No effect of skin tone was observed on bias.Conclusions :LOA width, bias, and MAPE results found for racket sports and soccer suggest a high sensitivity to motion artifacts for activities that involve “sharp” and random arm movements. In this study, we did not measure arm motion, which limits our results. However, whereas individuals might benefit from using the FC4 for casual training in aerobic sports, we cannot recommend the use of the FC4 for specific purposes requiring high reliability and accuracy, such as research purposes
Eco-conception, éco-création, du rôle du collectif pour la transition socio écologique dans les musées: le projet Nanopro, Musées en Transition, Samuel de Champlain, France/Quebec
No full textInternational audienceHow can eco-creativity be mobilised in research today? The aim of the day was to take stock of the situation, to taking ecological considerations into account in the way we create. of creation, thinking of ‘constraints’ as something other than limits: as as opportunities for ecosystems.I spoke in several capacities, as a member of the Bureau of the GER Communication environnement sciences et société, which was co-organising this day with the GER Recherche et Création, and also about the research we are carrying out with Frédérique Sussfled, entitled Fiction et Biodiversité (Fiction and Biodiversity). Finally, in the afternoon, I presented the process of researching and creating a training programme for museum professionals and mediation students that I have been working on for three years with Aude Porcedda: Museums in Transition, and more specifically the next winter school at the end of February 2025 (from 26 to 28/02 + 26 March by videoconference). https://musees-en-transition.univ-tln.fr/L’Eco-créativité ? Cette journée envisageait un état des lieux, une prise en compte des considérations écologiques dans les manières de créer, en pensant les “contraintes” autrement que comme des limites : comme des opportunités d’écosystèmes.Je suis intervenue à plusieurs titres, en tant que membre du Bureau du GER Communication environnement sciences et société qui co-organisait cette journée avec le GER « Recherche et Création ».J'ai également évoqué la recherche que nous portons avec Frédérique Sussfled intitulée Fiction et Biodiversité. Enfin l'après-midi, je suis intervenue pour présenter le processus de recherche et de création d'un programme de formation a destination de professionnels de musées et étudiants en médiation que je travaille depuis trois ans avec Aude Porcedda : musées en Transition, et plus particulièrement la prochaine école d'hiver fin février 2025 ( du 26 au 28/02 + 26 mars en visio) : https://musees-en-transition.univ-tln.fr
Probing Coherences and Itinerant Magnetism in a Dipolar Lattice Gas
No full text12 pages, 7 figuresWe report on the study of itinerant magnetism of lattice-trapped magnetic atoms, driven by magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, in the low-entropy and close-to-unit filling regime. We have used advanced dynamical decoupling techniques to efficiently suppress the sensitivity to magnetic field fluctuations. We have thus measured the spin coherence of an itinerant spin 3 Bose dipolar gas throughout a quantum phase transition from a superfluid phase to a Mott insulating phase. In the superfluid phase, a metastable ferromagnetic behavior is observed below a dynamical instability which occurs at lattice depths below the phase transition. In the insulating phase, the thermalization towards a paramagnetic state is driven by an interplay between intersite and superexchange interactions