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Celebrating a decade of the HFA young community: Achievements and future directions by the HFA Young Committee
No full textInternational audienceThe Heart Failure Association (HFA) Young initiative, established in 2014, welcomes all HFA members under 40 years of age, including physicians, scientists, nurses and allied health professionals. Its primary aim is to foster the growth of the next generation of heart failure (HF) specialists through a variety of educational and career‐building programmes such as the monthly HFA Cardiotalk Podcast, the quarterly HFA Journal Club and the Career Café. The members also have the possibility to participate in the construction of the annual HFA congress programme and benefit from travel grants for the HFA Congress, and networking events at scientific meetings. In 2022–2023, the HFA Young conducted a survey that garnered 305 members, giving an important snapshot of their needs, expectations and aspirations, which served as a roadmap for the priorities of the group. Finally, in order to build and maintain networks of young professionals at the national level, the HFA Young Ambassadors initiative was established, connecting the HFA Young Committee with young HF professionals in their respective countries. This initiative has proven to be crucial for building a global community of emerging HF specialists and enhancing the awareness of the HFA's activities. The article presents the evolution of HFA Young over the past 10 years, summarizes key activities and survey results and seeks to outline future development directions
Dislocation saturation in slip rate driven processes and initial microstructure effects for large plastic deformation of crystals
No full textDislocation-density-based crystal plasticity (CP) models are introduced to account for the microstructural changes throughout the deformation process, enabling more quantitative predictions of the deformation process compared to slip-system resistance-based plasticity models. In this work, we present a stability analysis of slip-rate-driven processes for some established dislocation density-based models, including the Kocks and Mecking (KM) model and its variants. Our analysis can be generalized to any type of dislocation density model, providing a broader framework for understanding the stability of such systems. We point out the existence of saturation dislocation densities and the essential role of initial dislocation density in distinguishing between hardening and softening responses. Since the initial microstructure, modeled through the dislocation density, could be related to the size or the sample preparation process, implicit size-dependent effects can also be inferred. To further explore these phenomena, we conduct numerical simulations of pillar compression using an Eulerian crystal plasticity framework. Our results show that dislocation-density-based CP models effectively capture microstructural evolution in small-scale materials, offering critical insights for the design of miniaturized mechanical devices and advanced materials in nanotechnology
Large plastic deformation of voids in crystals
No full textInternational audienceThe mechanisms of void growth and coalescence are key contributors to the ductile failure of crystalline materials. At the grain scale, single crystal plastic anisotropy induces large strain localization leading to complex shape evolutions. In this study, an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) framework for a 2D Eulerian crystal plasticity model combined with dynamic remeshing is used to study the 2D shape evolution of cylindrical voids in single crystals. The large deformation and shape evolution of the voids under two types of loading are considered: (i) radial and (ii) uni-axial loadings. In both cases, the voids undergo complex shape evolutions induced by the interactions between slip bands, lattice rotations and large strain phenomena.In case (i), the onset of the deformation revealed the formation of a complex fractal network of slip bands around the voids. Then, large deformations unearth an unexpected evolution of the slip bands network associated with significant lattice rotations, leading to a final hexagonal shape for the void. In case (ii), we obtain shear bands with very large accumulated plastic strain (> 200%) compared to the macroscopic engineering strains (< 15%). A high dependence between crystalline orientations, slip band localization and therefore shape evolution was observed, concluding in a high dependency between crystalline orientation and void shape elongation, which is of prime importance regarding coalescence of the voids, and thus to the formation of macro-cracks.</p
Missed opportunities for hospital referral of young children with severe pneumonia identified at primary care using pulse oximetry: an analysis from the AIRE study in West Africa
No full textInternational audienceBackground In line with the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines, healthcare workers (HCWs) should refer all severe pneumonia among children under 5 seen in primary care in resource-limited settings. We investigated the frequency and correlates of missed opportunities for hospital referral (MOHR) of clinical severe pneumonia. Our study was embedded within the Améliorer l'Identification des détresses Respiratoires chez l'Enfant project, which involved the routine implementation of pulse oximetry (PO) within IMCI consultations at primary healthcare centres (PHCs) in West Africa: Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali and Niger. Methods All children aged 2–59 months attending IMCI consultations in 16 PHCs and classified as severe cases using IMCI+PO were enrolled into a prospective cohort for 14 days, with parental consent. We estimated the rate of MOHR for IMCI-defined severe pneumonia, which was either not referred, or referred but did not make it to hospital. Correlates of MOHR at day 14 were investigated using logistic mixed regression with random effect for PHCs. Results From June 2021 to June 2022, among the 1786 children aged 2–59 months classified as severe cases by IMCI+PO, 682 (38.2%) were severe pneumonia. Of these, 35 (5.1%) also had severe anaemia, 47 (6.9%) severe hypoxaemia (SpO 2 <90%) and 602 (88.3%) severe malaria. HCW made the referral decision for 125 (18.3%) children, refused by three (2.4%) families; 560 (82.1%) were MOHR. Severe anaemia reduced the odds of MOHR (adjusted OR (aOR): 0.02; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.07) whereas having an SpO 2 between 90% and 93% (aOR: 12.16; 95% CI 3.47 to 42.61) or greater than 94% (aOR: 11.81; 95% CI 3.98 to 35.02) or severe malaria (aOR:2.55; 95% CI 1.04 to 6.26) significantly increased it. Conclusion MOHR for severe pneumonia was extremely high at PHC level in these settings, mainly explained by HCW’s decisions. Strengthening the referral system and training HCW to reinforce their adherence to IMCI guidelines remains essential to improve the management of severe pneumonia. Trial registration number PACTR202206525204526; Pan African Clinical Trials Registry on 15 June 2022
Sex-Specific Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Patterns in French Adults
No full textInternational audienceBackground : Both physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior impact health, and defining combined patterns will help design targeted interventions and policies. There are marked differences between sexes in PA level. This work aimed to define sex-specific behavioral patterns combining leisure-time PA and sedentary behavior and to assess their relations with sociodemographic factors and obesity in a population-based national survey. Methods : Data were collected in 2014–2016 from a representative sample of French adults (Esteban cross-sectional study) using the Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire. In 1491 women and 1157 men, behavioral clusters were identified using multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical classification on most frequently performed leisure-time PA and screen time. Results : Three clusters were identified in each sex. In women, cluster 1 (61.7%) included physically inactive individuals with high screen time. It was associated with lower education level (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6) and higher likelihood of obesity (OR = 2.4). Clusters 2 (22.2%) and 3 (16.1%) included women performing multiple PA of high or low duration, respectively. In men, cluster 1 (39.9%) included individuals with low PA level and high screen time. It was associated with younger age (OR = 3,9), obesity (OR = 2.5), single life (OR = 0.3), and urban residence (OR = 0.5). Cluster 2 (43.1%) included men performing mainly walking, cycling, DIY, and gardening and cluster 3 (17.0%) men with multiple PAs, both with low screen time. Conclusions : In both sexes, the pattern including inactivity or low PA and high sedentary behavior was associated with obesity. Other patterns differed according to sex. The findings can guide targeted interventions to promote healthy behaviors, considering sex differences
Annotating Audiovisual Corpora in the Humanities
No full textInternational audienceThe Consortium for Annotation, Analysis and Archiving of Video Applied to Scientific Activities (Canevas) is accredited since 2022 by the French research infrastructure for Digital Humanities Huma-Num. Since April 2025, this consortium has been receiving European EOSC-OSCARS funding for a period of 24 months, which has given rise to the OASIS project (Open Audiovisual Science Innovation Scheme). The aim of Canevas and OASIS is to facilitate research in the humanities and social sciences involving audiovisual corpora by facilitating actions such as archiving, annotating, commenting, analysing, and sharing videos. To do this, the members of the Canevas consortium have created two tools, Celluloid (for annotating corpora on media studies and media literacy) and e-spect@tor (for annotating corpora on the performing arts, especially theater), which enable collaborative annotation of videos for research or teaching purposes. These are free and open source tools (https://github.com/celluloid-camp/) that comply with open science and FAIR data standards, while leveraging AI to promote the intelligibility of videos and the interactions that result from them.As part of the OASIS project, and in collaboration with the DARIAH Working Group “Visual Media and Interactivity” (https://www.dariah.eu/activities/working-groups/visual-media-and-interactivity/), the Canevas Consortium is organising a workshop during the pre-conference day of the 5th DARIAH-HR International Conference, which will take place on Wednesday 22 October 2025. This workshop will be divided into two 3-hour sessions. The first will take place on Wednesday morning and aims to introduce participants to the PeerTube technology, developed by the French education-oriented video network Framasoft to offer an alternative to the services provided by the GAFAM, and particularly the online video hosting platform Youtube, and thus promote digital empowerment. The second session, on Wednesday afternoon, will be devoted to learning how to use the Celluloid and e-spect@tor tools. We invite you to discover collaborative annotation through your own audiovisual corpus, enabling you to develop new skills adapted to the changes of media practices and the epistemological issues that come with them. During this second session, we will focus on specific features provided by these tools: some are automated using AI, such as audio transcription and video segmentation into chapters, while others can be done manually and allow users to enrich their viewing experience through the traces they leave behind.By renewing interactions and collaborations with these digital tools, this workshop aims to introduce participants, from all disciplines and all levels of video expertise, to our research methods while allowing to acquire new skills to foster a convergence culture around video archiving and annotations. These can then be deployed in various educational or research contexts, which can be enhanced, for instance, with group work in the classroom, or in research carried out by researchers in training (Masters, PhD) or more experienced researchers
Baseline characteristics of the TRANSLATE2 cohort: a prospective study on rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: To describe the baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in the TRANSLATE2 cohort (NCT04227535), a national, multicenter, prospective case-control study designed to investigate the genetic and non-genetic determinants of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods: Cases with RA-ILD and RA controls without ILD were consecutively included in TRANSLATE2 with a 5-year prospective follow-up. All participants fulfilled the ACR/EULAR 2010 classification criteria for RA. ILD presence or absence was confirmed for every participant by chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Baseline demographic and clinical data were collected. Blood samples were collected at enrollment for centralized biobanking of DNA, RNA, and serum to support future genetic and biomarker studies. For ILD cases, chest HRCT scans were centrally reviewed to determine HRCT pattern. For the current study, associations with ILD were tested using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.Results: Among the 506 patients included (275 RA-ILD, 231 RA-noILD), RA-ILD cases were more frequently male (48.4% vs. 29.9%), older at enrollment (66.6 [9.9] vs. 58.5 [13.2] years) and older at RA onset (52.2 [14.7] vs. 45.8 [14.3] years). ILD was independently associated with male sex (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.06, 3.14) and older age at RA onset (OR per 10 years 1.28; 95% CI 1.10,1.50). For ILD cases, the most frequent HRCT patterns were definite for usual interstitial pneumonia (39.3%) and non-specific interstitial pneumonia (17.8%). At enrollment, respiratory symptoms were observed in 67.3% with a mean forced vital capacity % predicted of 87.6% (21.7) and a mean diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide % predicted of 58.4% (18.8).Conclusion: The TRANSLATE2 cohort provides a comprehensive and deeply phenotyped dataset that offers a unique opportunity to investigate the genetic architecture, risk factors, and natural history of RA-ILD. 287/300 words
La construction de l’antiféminisme comme discours d’évidence sur YouTube
No full textInternational audienceThis study analyzes antifeminist discourses disseminated by female influencers on YouTube. Based on a corpus of 10 channels representative of various positions within the antifeminist spectrum, the article examines how users navigate between content with varying levels of ideological radicalism. Using a mixed-methods approach—combining network analysis (1 889 videos, 320 000 comments) with thematic analysis of 38 selected videos—the research identifies shared semio-discursive mechanisms that may facilitate ideological slippage. The appeal of “common sense” plays a key role in this process: it enables the normalization of antifeminist ideas, conceals their political stakes, and renders them socially acceptable. These discourses of common sense thus contribute to legitimizing antifeminist positions by presenting them in a seemingly benign and depoliticized form.Cette recherche mobilise les travaux sur les luttes pour la signification afin d’analyser les discours antiféministes portés par des créatrices de contenu sur YouTube. À partir d’un corpus de 10 chaînes emblématiques des différentes postures de la nébuleuse de l’antiféminisme, l’article interroge la circulation des internautes entre des contenus marqués par des degrés de radicalité distincts. Une méthode basée sur une analyse de réseau (1 889 vidéos, 320 000 commentaires), couplée une analyse thématique d’un corpus de 38 vidéos issues de 10 chaînes, mettent en lumière les mécanismes sémio discursifs communs aux vidéos étudiées, susceptibles de faciliter un glissement idéologique. Le registre du « bon sens » joue ici un rôle central : il permet de banaliser les idées antiféministes, d’effacer leur dimension politique et de les rendre socialement acceptables. Les discours d’évidence contribuent ainsi à légitimer des prises de position antiféministes sous une forme en apparence inoffensive et dépolitisée
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Chemotaxis overrides the killing response in alloreactive CTLs, providing vascular immune privilege during cellular rejection
No full textInternational audienceGraft endothelial cells (ECs) express donor alloantigens and encounter cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) but are generally spared during T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), which predominantly affects epithelial structures. The mechanisms underlying this vascular immune privilege are unclear. Transcriptomics analyses and endothelial-mesenchymal transition assessments confirmed that the graft endothelium was preserved during TCMR. Coculture experiments revealed that endothelial and epithelial cells were equally susceptible to CTL-mediated lysis, ruling out cell-intrinsic protection. Intravital microscopy of murine kidney grafts and single-cell RNA-Seq of human renal allografts demonstrated that CTL interactions with ECs were transient compared with epithelial cells. This disparity was mediated by a chemotactic gradient produced by graft stromal cells, guiding CTLs away from ECs toward epithelial targets. In vitro, chemotaxis overrode T cell receptor-induced cytotoxicity, preventing endothelial damage. Finally, analysis of TCMR biopsies revealed that disruption of the chemotactic gradient correlated with endothelialitis lesions, linking its loss to vascular damage. These findings challenge the traditional view of cell-intrinsic immune privilege, proposing a cell-extrinsic mechanism, in which chemotaxis preserves graft vasculature during TCMR. This mechanism may have implications beyond transplantation, highlighting its role in maintaining vascular integrity across pathological conditions