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Diagnosis accuracy of touchscreen-based testings for major neurocognitive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textInternational audienceFacing an increasing prevalence, diagnosis and management of dementia has become a global health challenge. While most cognitive assessments are based on paper tests, the current trend is to digitise them, using new technologies. We aimed to achieve a systematic review on touchscreen-based assessments for neurocognitive disorders. A search on four databases (PubMed, Embase, IEEE Xplore and Web of Science) was performed. Two investigators independently selected the articles and assessed their quality using the QUADAS-2 tool. We included articles whose participants were over 65 years, classified according to the presence/absence of major neurocognitive disorder (M-NCD) determined by conventional assessment of cognition, examined with a novel tool using a touchscreen device (tablet or smartphone). We finally retained 35 articles for the systematic review and 24 for the meta-analysis. Of the 35 articles included in the systematic review, participants had Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body disease or any type of dementia. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86–0.91) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.82–0.92), respectively. Performances of self-administered or brief assessment testings were similar to those of assessor-administered or longer duration testings. The major limitation of this review and meta-analysis is the multiplicity and diversity of methods (tools, cognition assessment and type of M-NCD), which make the comparison difficult. We conclude that brief and self-assessment touchscreen-based cognitive tests are appropriate and simple tools to screen major cognitive disorders that can be used in primary care. The study was registered in Prospero (CRD42022358725)
La place des dépenses fiscales et socio-fiscales dans le système des prélèvements et dépenses publics en France depuis 1979 : une base de données inédite
No full textInternational audienc
Demopædia - Multilingual Demographic Dictionary Unified Volumes
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this contribution is to present the terminological issues that have accompanied the process of translation and harmonization of the Chinese edition of the Multilingual Demographic Dictionary (MDD) published since the 1950's. After presenting a brief history of the MDD, the authors describe the computerization process and harmonization of dictionaries. In particular, the first Chinese edition was published in the journal "Population Translation Series" 3, 1982 (but it is untraceable until now). The second edition, published in book form in 1992, was also a "translation" of the English volume and the Chinese key terms (those that need to be translated into other languages) were added in parentheses to the English term or expression. In 2008, the Chinese volume was first set up from the 1992 Chinese second edition. Feinuo Sun (University of Texas at Arlington) produced a draft of the volume in unified Chinese during her stay at INED in early 2024. The written Chinese language has changed a lot since the 1950s, so even the traditional indexing method has been abandoned in favor of the Pinyin alphabetical order
Is the quest for efficiency harmful to health equity? An examination of the health efficiency-equity nexus in OECD countries over the past two decades
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Has the quest for efficiency in OECD health systems impacted the social gradient of health? We examined the cross-dynamics of the health system equity-efficiency nexus among OECD countries in the past two decades. Methods: We used a three-step methodology based on annual macro-level data from 36 OECD countries for the period 2004-2021. First, we estimated the efficiency of health systems using a stochastic frontier analysis. We then assessed the equity of health systems using simple measures of income-related inequality in self-assessed health. Lastly, we estimated the dynamic relationship between health system efficiency and equity using a panel Granger causality analysis. We also stratified the analysis by type of health system: viz. publicly- vs. privately-dominated health service provision. Findings: We find evidence for a bidirectional causality between health system efficiency and equity. An increase in health system efficiency leads to an increase in socioeconomic inequalities in health; a result particularly salient in countries with predominantly private health service provision. Interestingly, decreases in socio-economic inequalities in health are likely to lead to higher health system efficiency, especially in countries where the health system relies predominantly on public provision. Interpretation: The pursuit of efficiency gains in OECD health systems has not been a precondition for socioeconomic equity in health. Adverse effects of efficiency-seeking interventions on health equity are particularly apparent in the private provision of healthcare. However, addressing health inequalities provides a plausible route to enhance efficienc
Engineering of diamond growth for high-end application: challenges and perspectives.
No full textInternational audienceDiamond is a transparent wide band gap material with outstanding optical and electronic properties that are attracting a lot of attention for the development of the next generation of devices. In addition to its exceptional properties, which are well known in the field of jewellery, for which it combines purity and brilliance, single crystal diamond provides also an ideal host material to incorporate different types of impurities that can drastically modify its properties. The use of dopants such as boron or phosphorous can for example allow tuning the electrical conductivity of the film up to the metallic conduction which could allow to produce highly boron doped substrates and develop vertical components for power electronic whose design and architecture for the realization of more complex function is simpler. In addition nitrogen are some of the elements that can be introduced in the crystal in order to create optically active centres such as the well-known NV (nitrogen-vacancy).In this presentation, we will focus more specifically on the production aspects of high purity and boron-doped or nitrogen-doped monocrystalline diamond films grown by chemical vapour deposition assisted by microwave plasma, highlighting all the constraints inherent to the targeted field of application. We will begin by showing the plasma conditions that are important to obtain in order to combine material quality and high growth rates, thereby limiting production costs. In the case of boron doping, particular attention will be paid to showing the plasma conditions which are essential to maintain in order to reach a sufficiently thick and doped film leading to on state resistances compatible with their use in vertical components. It will be shown in particular the importance of the gas composition to inject high microwave power allowing reaching high growth rate. With regard to nitrogen doping and the formation of NV colour centres, issues related to controlling their density and maximizing their coherence properties through precise engineering will be discussed. High amounts of NV are usually preferred in most sensing schemes but limits exist in the ability to control growth at high doping levels as well as to avoid interaction between nearby spins. Nuclear spins within the matrix itself might cause unwanted decoherence and growth of isotopically enriched materials allows considerably extending T2 times. In the same vein, magnetic sensitivity of a sensor based on NV ensembles can be considerably increased by producing diamond with NV centres having preferential orientation which can be obtained by using diamond substrates with specific crystallographic orientation such as (111) or (113). Lastly, we will describe the challenges ahead, in particular for the development of a diamond industry that requires the production of large single-crystal substrates. Indeed, significant success has been recently achieved in increasing the lateral size of the diamond films, by exploiting either a “mosaic” approach1 or heteroepitaxial growth on a foreign substrate2, and these techniques, associated to the development of growth strategies to reduce dislocation density are on the way allowing the first diamond wafers for electronics being on the verge of being commercialized at an industrial scale.Acknowledgements: this work has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 101019234, RareDiamond), from the Quantera Project MAESTRO (ANR-22-QUA1-0003-07) and from ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) through the projects Lapin113 (ANR-19-CE29-0017-04), Sinfonia (ANR-23-QUAC-0006-01), Trampoline ANR-22-CE51-0019) and the investment program for future Equipex e-Diamant (ANR-21-ESRE-0031).References1. S. Ohmagari, H. Yamada, N. Tsubouchi, H. Umezawa, A. Chayahara, A. Seki, F. Kawaii, H. Saitoh, and Y. Mokuno, Appl. Phys. Lett. 114 (2019), 082104 2. J.-C. Arnault, S. Saada, and V. Ralchenko, Physica Status Solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters 16 (2022), 2100354
La responsabilisation dans les organisations : principes, démarche, effets et angles morts
No full textLa responsabilisation se présente comme une voie doublement intermédiaire : i) entre contrôle et liberté et ii) entre centralisation et décentralisation. En visant l’accroissement du « pouvoir d’agir », elle entend concilier bien-être au travail et performance. Les démarches décrites au sein de grandes entreprises industrielles ou PME régionales sont expérimentales et fondées sur l’adhésion progressive. Les conditions de leur généralisation sont peu outillées. Les leviers mobilisés pour responsabiliser les salariés sont d’ordre principalement symbolique ou comportemental. Les enjeux en termes d’imputabilité sont peu abordés, de même que l’analyse précise des transformations des relations entre les acteurs. Ces deux omissions laissent en suspens les tensions potentiellement générées au niveau des individus ou des collectifs par ces démarches autant qu’elles laissent dans l’ombre de potentiels leviers de changement
Du visible vers l'invisible : l'invisibilisation de l'expertise du personnel soignant dans les structures hospitalières. Diaporama complémentaire aux actes du XXIVème Congrès de la SFSIC: Congrès de la SFSIC 2025, Transition(s), 18 au 20 juin 2025, Rennes
No full textDiaporama présenté lors du XXIVème Congrès de la SFSIC, édité en complément des actesThe violation of the meaning that individuals attribute to their organizational commitment can take the form of an invisibilization of their expertise, leading to suffering at work as well as disengagement from the organization's functioning. This transition from visibility to invisibility relies on strategies and forms of communication designed to reduce the weight of expertise in decision-making processes, notably by delegitimizing it.La violation du sens que les individus donnent à leur engagement organisationnel peut prendre la forme d'une invisibilisation de leur expertise, à l'origine de souffrance au travail mais aussi d'un désengagement du fonctionnement de l'organisation. Cette transition du visible vers l'invisible repose sur des stratégies et des formes de communication visant à réduire le poids de l'expertise dans les processus décisionnels, notamment en la délégitimant
C-section and systemic inflammation synergize to disrupt the neonatal gut microbiota and brain development in a model of prematurity
No full textInternational audienceInfants born very preterm (below 28 weeks of gestation) are at high risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders, such as intellectual deficiency, autism spectrum disorders, and attention deficit. Preterm birth often occurs in the context of perinatal systemic inflammation due to chorioamnionitis and postnatal sepsis. In addition, C-section is often performed for very preterm neonates to avoid hypoxia during a vaginal delivery. We have developed and characterized a mouse model based on intraperitoneal injections of IL-1β between postnatal days one and five to reproduce perinatal systemic inflammation. This model replicates several neuropathological, brain imaging, and behavioral deficits observed in preterm infants. We hypothesized that C-sections could synergize with systemic inflammation to induce more severe brain abnormalities. We observed that C-sections significantly exacerbated the deleterious effects of IL-1β on reduced gut microbial diversity, increased levels of circulating peptidoglycans, abnormal microglia/macrophage reactivity, impaired myelination, and reduced functional connectivity in the brain relative to vaginal delivery plus intraperitoneal saline. These data demonstrate the deleterious synergistic effects of C-section and neonatal systemic inflammation on brain maldevelopment and malfunction, two conditions frequently observed in very preterm infants, who are at high risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders
First Steps Towards a European Festival Survey: a Case Studies Collection
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RUELLE-TAYLOR RESONANCES OF ANOSOV ACTIONS
No full textInternational audienceWe define for R^κ-Anosov actions a notion of joint Ruelle resonance spectrum by using the techniques of anisotropic Sobolev spaces in the cohomological setting of joint Taylor spectra. We prove that these Ruelle-Taylor resonances are intrinsic and form a discrete subset of C^κ and that 0 is always a leading resonance. The joint resonant states at 0 give rise to measures of SRB type and the mixing properties of these measures are related to the existence of purely imaginary resonances. The spectral theory developed in this article applies in particular to the case of Weyl chamber flows and provides a new way to study such flows