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Epidemiology of violence and suicide risk in Senegal: A nationwide survey in 2023: Assessing violence and suicide risk at the population level is essential to informpublic health policies and guide prevention efforts for mental health. In Senegal,as in much of sub-Saharan Africa, such data remain scarce. This study aims to fillthat gap by estimating the prevalence of violence and suicide risk, and identifyingassociated factors in the Senegalese population. This nationwide, observational,cross-sectional, population-based analytical survey received ethical approval fromSenegal’s National Ethics Committee for Health Research. Conducted betweenJuly and August 2023, it covered 496 randomly selected households proportionallydistributed by demographic zone. Participants were surveyed on their exposure to dif-ferent forms of violence, help-seeking behaviours, suicidal ideation and behaviours,and psychiatric history. Data were collected via ODK and analysed in R. Out of2174 respondents (33.58% youth, 49.95% adults, 16.47% elderly), 52.76% reportedexposure to violence, predominantly psychological (47.38%), verbal (43.47%), andphysical (32.84%). Co-occurrence was frequent: 37.14% reported combined psycho-logical and physical violence. Age and marital status were strongly linked to violenceexposure, with women being more exposed to sexual violence (OR = 1.75 [1.12–2.80]). Dakar was identified as the main violence hotspot. The overall suicide riskwas 8.40%, with 1.66% at high risk. Exposure to any form of violence significantlyincreased suicide risk. Individuals diagnosed with a mental illness were at higher risk(OR = 4.76 [3.13–7.14]). Despite high violence prevalence, support remains rare:only 6.2% received psychological help, 10.4% police assistance. Findings reveal thatviolence and suicide risk are widespread but insufficiently addressed. The results callfor urgent development of a national mental health policy centred on prevention andsupport for vulnerable groups, especially in the current socio-economic and environ-mental crisis context
No full textInternational audienceAssessing violence and suicide risk at the population level is essential to inform public health policies and guide prevention efforts for mental health. In Senegal, as in much of sub-Saharan Africa, such data remain scarce. This study aims to fill that gap by estimating the prevalence of violence and suicide risk, and identifying associated factors in the Senegalese population. This nationwide, observational, cross-sectional, population-based analytical survey received ethical approval from Senegal’s National Ethics Committee for Health Research. Conducted between July and August 2023, it covered 496 randomly selected households proportionally distributed by demographic zone. Participants were surveyed on their exposure to different forms of violence, help-seeking behaviours, suicidal ideation and behaviours, and psychiatric history. Data were collected via ODK and analysed in R. Out of 2174 respondents (33.58% youth, 49.95% adults, 16.47% elderly), 52.76% reported exposure to violence, predominantly psychological (47.38%), verbal (43.47%), and physical (32.84%). Co-occurrence was frequent: 37.14% reported combined psychological and physical violence. Age and marital status were strongly linked to violence exposure, with women being more exposed to sexual violence (OR = 1.75 [1.12–2.80]). Dakar was identified as the main violence hotspot. The overall suicide risk was 8.40%, with 1.66% at high risk. Exposure to any form of violence significantly increased suicide risk. Individuals diagnosed with a mental illness were at higher risk (OR = 4.76 [3.13–7.14]). Despite high violence prevalence, support remains rare: only 6.2% received psychological help, 10.4% police assistance. Findings reveal that violence and suicide risk are widespread but insufficiently addressed. The results call for urgent development of a national mental health policy centred on prevention and support for vulnerable groups, especially in the current socio-economic and environmental crisis context
The use of applied improvisation at university: a mini-review
No full textInternational audienceAim This mini review aimed to synthesize current evidence on applied improvisation programs in higher education across disciplines, identifying their impact, implementation, evaluation methods, and future research directions. Methods Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across six databases, covering publications from 1999 to 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed empirical studies involving university populations engaging in theatrical or applied improvisation interventions. After screening, 54 relevant studies were included. Data extracted included study characteristics, participant demographics, intervention methods, evaluation methodologies, and outcomes. Results Most studies originated from the United States (70.4%), targeting students (85.2%), particularly in healthcare education (61.1%). Interventions varied from single workshops to multi-session courses, aiming to improve skills such as communication (62.9%), empathy (25.9%), collaboration (25.9%), confidence (22.2%), and stress management (14.8%). Evaluations often relied on satisfaction surveys or in-house questionnaires, with only 27.8% using standardized tools. Methodological variability and reliance on self-reported measures limited comparability and generalizability of the results. Conclusion Applied improvisation demonstrates potential as an innovative educational tool in higher education, enhancing key skills across various disciplines. However, significant methodological limitations—including heterogeneous interventions and assessments—hinder generalization of findings. To advance the field, future research should develop standardized assessment tools, establish consistent intervention protocols, and conduct randomized controlled longitudinal studies to assess the effectiveness and the durability of outcomes. Strengthening interdisciplinary collaborations and employing rigorous research methodologies are essential to optimize the use of applied improvisation in higher education
Synthétiser la race. La performativité du timbre vocal: in Matthieu Saladin & Bastien Gallet (dir.), Spectres de l'audible, Paris, Philharmonie de Paris
No full textNina Eidsheim, “Synthesizing Race: Towards an Analysis of the Performativity of Vocal Timbre”, Trans. Revista Transcultural de Mùsica, 13, 2009, online: https://www.sibetrans.com/trans/article/57/synthesizing-race-towards-an-analysis-of-the-performativity-of-vocal-timbr
Maternal anthropometric measurements in pregnancy and child neurocognitive and behavioral development at 1 and 6 years of age – a cohort study in Benin, Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundMaternal malnutrition, especially obesity, is hypothesized to impact offspring neurodevelopment, but less is known in sub-Saharan Africa where undernutrition is highly prevalent.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between maternal nutritional status during pregnancy and neurocognitive and behavioral development in children at age one and six years, in a mother-child cohort from Benin.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included surviving singletons born to pregnant women in Allada, Benin. Cognitive and motor functions of 747 and 574 children were assessed at one and six years of age, respectively, in addition to behavioral difficulties and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders. Statistical analysis using multiple linear regression models tested main associations, potential mediating factors were additionally adjusted for.Results17%, 72.5%, 7.7% and 2.5% of women were estimated to be underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese before pregnancy, respectively. Women who were underweight had a higher median weight gain [240 (170 – 300)] over the course of pregnancy, compared to normal BMI women [210 (160 – 260)], and overweight/obese women [150 (110 – 240)]. After exclusion of obese women, pre-pregnancy BMI was significantly associated with a higher motor scores (0.26, 95%CI 0.002-0.53) and cognitive scores (0.37, 95%CI 0.02-0.72) after adjustment for confounding factors. There was no association between gestational weight gain and offspring neurodevelopment at one and six years of age. There was no association between maternal BMI and gestational weight gain and behavior and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders at six years of age.ConclusionsOur study suggests that poor maternal nutritional status before pregnancy may impair short- and long-term neurocognition in children in the Beninese context. Undernutrition in childhood has great impact and efforts to adequate prevention for both child and maternal undernutrition should be enforced in low- and middle-income countries
Scalar behavior for a complex multi-soliton arising in blow-up for a semilinear wave equation
No full text48 pages, 2 figuresInternational audienceThis paper deals with blow-up for the complex-valued semilinear wave equation with power nonlinearity in dimension 1. Up to a rotation of the solution in the complex plane, we show that near a characteristic blow-up point, the solution behaves exactly as in the real-valued case. Namely, up to a rotation in the complex plane, the solution decomposes into a sum of a finite number of decoupled solitons with alternate signs. The main novelty of our proof is a resolution of a complex-valued first order Toda system governing the evolution of the positions and the phases of the solitons
Assessment of endocrine disruptor impact on carbohydrate metabolism in the HepaRG human hepatic cell line
No full textInternational audienceEndocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are increasingly implicated in the development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As hepatic dysfunction is a hallmark of early metabolic disease, we investigated how EDCs may contribute to glucose dysregulation using human HepaRG cells. Ten EDCs-bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 1 µM), butylparaben (BP), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene (p,p'-DDE), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)-were tested at 25 µM for 5 days. We assessed multiple endpoints related to carbohydrate metabolism, including gene expression, mitochondrial function, glycogen content, glucose export, glycolytic capacity, and lactate release. Among the tested compounds, p,p'-DDE induced the most pronounced metabolic disruption, significantly reducing glycogen storage, glycolytic capacity, lactate export, and the expression of key genes involved in glucose metabolism. Using luciferase-based reporter cell lines, p,p'-DDE was found to activate primarily the nuclear receptors constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR). However, siRNA-mediated knockdown of these receptors did not reverse the changes induced by p,p'-DDE in gene expression, suggesting a more complex or alternative mechanism of action. These findings demonstrate that p,p'-DDE perturbs hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and may contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM, highlighting the need for further mechanistic investigation
Apprendre à travers le jeu ?Regards croisés sur les pratiques de jeu en formation dans les armées, la santé et la sécurité civile
No full textJeu, jeu sérieux, serious game, ludopédagogie, wargame, activité ludique, efficacité, formation professionnelle, motivation, enseignant, formateur.earning Through Play? A Comparative Perspective on Game-Based Practices in Military, Healthcare, and Civil Safety TrainingJérôme Daudé, Université Sorbonne Paris NordThe integration of playful activities into professional education is currently experiencing growing development. Initially driven by the rise of digital technology and serious games, this trend now extends to non-digital formats as well. In this context, new concepts such as gamification, ludification, and ludopedagogy have emerged, although their meanings vary depending on the author.This study focuses on analyzing the pedagogical practices of teacher-trainers who use games in the training of professionals, whether they are learners or already active in their professions. Eight teacher-trainers from the Ministries of Armed Forces, Health, and the Interior were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Two of them were also observed during sessions incorporating a board game. Three of these sessions were recorded on video and analyzed in depth, complemented by a satisfaction questionnaire administered to the trainees.The results highlight a long-standing playful culture among these practitioners, a strong sense of self-determination, genuine enjoyment in teaching through play, and a desire to move away from traditional pedagogical methods. Games are perceived as a learning lever that promotes socialization, engagement, and reflexivity among participants. However, games appear primarily as a complementary tool, integrated into broader active pedagogical frameworks that systematically include pre-game, game, and post-game phases. The post-game phase, commonly called debriefing, is an essential component of learning due to its decisive role in fostering reflexivity. Nevertheless, at this stage of the research, it is not possible to fully demonstrate the effectiveness of games as a pedagogical tool; further studies would be needed to clarify their impact.Apprendre à travers le jeu ? Regards croisés sur les pratiques de jeu en formation dans les armées, la santé et la sécurité civile. Jérôme Daudé, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord. L’intégration d’activités ludiques dans l’enseignement professionnel connaît aujourd’hui un développement croissant. Initialement portée par l’essor du numérique et des jeux sérieux, cette dynamique s’étend désormais à des dispositifs non numériques. Dans ce contexte, de nouveaux concepts tels que gamification, ludification et ludopédagogie se sont imposés, bien que leurs acceptions varient selon les auteurs. Ce travail s’attache à analyser les pratiques pédagogiques d’enseignants-formateurs mobilisant le jeu dans la formation de professionnels, qu’ils soient en apprentissage ou déjà en activité. Huit enseignants-formateurs issus des ministères des Armées, de la Santé et de l’Intérieur ont été interrogés au moyen d’entretiens semi-directifs. Deux d’entre eux ont en outre été observés lors de séances intégrant un jeu de plateau. Trois de ces séances ont fait l’objet d’un enregistrement vidéo et d’une analyse approfondie, complétées par un questionnaire de satisfaction administré aux stagiaires. Les résultats mettent en lumière une culture ludique ancienne chez ces praticiens, une autodétermination affirmée, un réel plaisir à enseigner par le jeu et la volonté de s’éloigner des méthodes pédagogiques traditionnelles. Le jeu est perçu comme un levier d’apprentissage favorisant la socialisation, l’engagement et la réflexivité des participants. Il apparaît toutefois comme un outil complémentaire, intégré à des dispositifs pédagogiques actifs plus larges, comprenant systématiquement des phases d’avant-jeu, de jeu et d’après-jeu. L’après-jeu, communément appelé débriefing, constitue un élément incontournable de l’apprentissage, en raison de son rôle déterminant sur la réflexivité. Néanmoins, à ce stade de notre recherche, il n’est pas possible de démontrer pleinement l’efficacité du jeu comme outil pédagogique ; des études complémentaires seraient nécessaires afin d’en préciser la portée
Fabrique cinématographique de la consommation : marques, mode(s) et expériences sur petit et grand écran
No full text″Du chic, de l’élégance, du luxe et de l’art" : la haute couture parisienne en spectacle cinématographique par Alex Nalpas et Paul-Louis de Giafferri (1923-1926)
No full textInternational audienceBorn into a prominent bourgeois family with connections in Smyrna, Thessalonica and Marseille, Alex Nalpas was one of those cinematic trailblazers who built their career paths through migration, geographical and professional. Moving from Smyrna to Paris, Alex Nalpas also switched from film trade to film production by partnering with Paul-Louis de Giafferri, a journalist and fashion publicist. Together, they created a series of short fashion-centered films, Le Film des Élégances parisiennes, a production that spanned from 1923 to 1926 and displayed on cinematic screens models and actresses dressed by prominent French couture houses. After a brief historical overview of the origins of fashion film, this article examines how and why Nalpas and de Giafferri’s series shifted from fiction-based narrative to the sole visual spectacle of the fashion display, from a story-embedded brand promotion to an explicit demonstration on what to wear and how. Drawing on materials from private archives alongside with programming data collected from press, the study also seeks to shed light on how fashion films were produced and marketed, in relation to the complex, multilayered composition of weekly cinema programs.Issu d’une grande famille bourgeoise disséminée entre Smyrne, Salonique et Marseille, Alex Nalpas est l’un de ces pionniers du commerce des films qui construisent leur carrière au gré des migrations, des rencontres, des opportunités, mais aussi du potentiel spectaculaire associé au médium cinématographique. D'abord négociant en films, Alex Nalpas fera son entrée dans la production en s'associant avec Paul-Louis de Giafferri, journaliste et publiciste de mode. Ensemble, ils donneront un élan inédit à la présence de la haute couture à l'écran, avec la série « Le Film des Élégances parisiennes », diffusée dans les salles de cinéma entre 1923 et 1926. Après un bref historique du genre dans lequel ces productions s’inscrivent, l'article discute les enjeux de la mutation de leur format, passant de récits scénarisés à une exposition filmée des modèles de mode, décomplexée dans son intention commerciale et dépourvue de composante fictionnelle. Puis, en mettant à profit des archives privées et des éléments tirés des programmes publiés dans la presse, il s'agit de s'intéresser aux usages de ces films, à l’aune des spécificités de composition de la séance cinématographique de cette période