Society & Sustainability
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Educational Evaluation: Functions, Essence and Applications in Primary Schools’ Teaching and Learning
Get PDFThis paper discussed the functions, essence, and applications of educational evaluation in the teaching-learning processes; in primary schools. It outlined the definitions of evaluation, the stepwise diagram of an evaluation process, succinct explanation of the types of evaluation, and its essence and the steps in educational evaluation. Also, reflection and thoughts centered around the functions, essence, and how educational evaluation is applicable in improving and sustaining a robust teaching and learning strategy in primary schools. More so, the paper concluded that primary school teachers as well as learners; need regular evaluation and evaluation reports, for effective and efficient teaching-learning transactions. For the learners, educational evaluation increases their learning motivation, development of good study habits, feedback, and necessary corrective measures. Teachers require evaluation results to monitor the effectiveness of instruction as well as the instructional materials, choosing learning experiences, diagnosing learners learning difficulties in order to improve the instructional process. Accordingly, it was recommended that educational evaluation practices, strategies, and enlightenment be boosted among all primary school stakeholders
Administrative Tribunals in Bangladesh: Investigating Legal and Factual Challenges, and Remedies in Proper Dispensation of Justice
Get PDFAdministrative Tribunal in Bangladesh is a specialized adjudicating body established in order to ensure prompt, effective, inexpensive, flexible, and expert adjudication as well as expeditious disposal of service disputes of civil servants by ousting the jurisdiction of ordinary courts on such matter. However, this paper tries to explore that the adjudicating mechanism of such Tribunals are affected by intricate legislation, non-compliance to the Constitutional mandate, deviation from equality principles, unavailability of a dynamic procedure as to the recruitment of personnel of expertise, non-existence of any established system of appointing panel advocate, a variety of the jurisdictional lacking and faults as well as functional and procedural defects. To explore challenges related to the Administrative Tribunals in Bangladesh, this paper attempts to examine whether the legal provisions of the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1980 and Rules framed thereunder are adequate for the proper and expeditious disposal of the service litigants\u27 grievances through the critical analysis of these provisions compared to, especially, that of India and Pakistan as well as the empirical scrutiny of the practical scenario of such Tribunals in Bangladesh. This paper, in fine, concludes with the necessity for serious modifications of those legal provisions and tackling those challenges, and therefore puts forward the ways out
Diversification of the Nigerian Economy through Human Resource Development and Utilization
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the significance of diversification of Nigeria’s economy through human resource development and utilization. It is on record that most developed countries in the world diversified their economy through the development of their citizens and thereafter utilized them in all the sectors of the economy. The narrative research design was adopted as it involves the use of secondary sources of data from Newspapers, Journals, and other online sources. This paper concludes that diversification of the Nigerian economy measured in terms of human resource development and utilization in the areas of manufacturing diversification, financial diversification, foreign direct investment, fiscal diversification, regional diversification, and job diversification has the capacity of revitalizing and sustaining Nigeria\u27s economy. Therefore, human resource development policies in Nigeria should focus on education, technology, biotechnology, agriculture, aircraft, vehicle manufacturing, manufacturing of military gadgets such as weaponry and drones. The Nigerian government should also implement equal regionalization of industrial zones for equitable distribution of resources across all regions to avoid marginalization. 
Do the Banks Comply to GRI guidelines for Sustainable Reporting Practices? Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh
Get PDFThis paper explores the degree and nature of sustainability reporting practices of listed banks in Bangladesh in compliance with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines. Data are gathered from annual reports through content analysis of 29 banks listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) for the period between 2011 and 2018. Stakeholder and legitimacy theory is the theoretical perspectives underlying the study. The findings of the study revealed that 0% in 2011 and 17.14% in 2018 disclosed sustainability reports in line with GRI. On the other hand, the disclosure of sustainability information trend has increased from 32% in 2011 to 59% in 2018 considering 22 categories of information where most of the banks disclosed the highest information relating to green banking (C7) least information relating to public policy (C19). The major limitations of the study are the size of the sample, only secondary sources of data, and the use of descriptive statistics. The policymakers (Bangladesh Bank, Ministry of finance, commerce, law, and environment), management of the respective organizations, the NGOs, and professional accounting bodies can progress to enact and amend corporate laws for effective sustainability reporting for the public and private entities. This research recognizes the gap of sustainable reporting practices to implement the vision of ‘5 Ps’ (people, prosperity, partnership, peace, and the planet) according to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030
Association between Leave Provisions and Job Satisfaction: A Study on Commercial Banks of Bangladesh
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the relationships between leaves and job satisfaction among the employees of some commercial banks in Bangladesh. Data on selected leaves and job satisfaction related factors have been collected through survey method from mid-level and entry-level employees of 29 private commercial banks in Bangladesh. The respondents were selected through convenient sampling. Frequency distribution has been utilized to explore the leaves and job satisfaction related characteristics of the respondents. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were employed to test the hypotheses and to estimate the existing relationships among the variables. The chi-square test reveals that marital status, education, weekly holidays, causal, sick and earned leaves, festival holidays and parental leaves are strongly associated with job satisfaction. The logistic analysis shows that marital status, education, weekly holidays, casual leaves, festival holidays and parental leave have significant relationships with job satisfaction. There is a 88% association between leaves and job satisfaction of the employees at different commercial banks of Bangladesh. The findings imply that organization policy regarding festival holidays, parental leaves, weekly holidays, and casual leaves has a vital role in the job satisfaction of the employees.
 
International Human Rights Regime as an Instrument for Advancing National Interests: : The US and Others in the 21st century
Get PDFThis paper examines the relationship between international human rights regimes and the pursuit of United Sates national interests in the 21st century. Archival research or literature survey, content analysis, and the realist theory of international human rights were adopted for the inquiry. The core objectives of the paper were to assess US human rights posture; find out if US international defence of human rights and interventions is without bias; and to determine if there is a positive relationship between US pursuit of national interest and US human rights policy. The results of analysis show that US has both internal and external poor human rights posture; and there is lack of neutrality in US international human rights campaign. The results further reveal that there are different supranational principles of human rights and institutions; and although the US refused to ratify key international human rights regimes, they have being used consistently to advance US national interests. It is therefore concluded that international human rights regimes are weakened by conflict of value systems and Great powers politics
Procedures Used in Developing and Validating the Quality of Life Scale in the Context of the Ethno-Political Conflicts in Mathare and Kibra, Nairobi City County, Kenya
Get PDFSlight differences in standard of living, issuing from horizontal inequalities between ethnic groups, are a predicate of ethnopolitical violence in Kenya. Developing and validating a scale to estimate the quality of life differences, between warring ethnic groups, can deepen our understanding of an important precursor of ethnopolitical conflict. From a careful review of poverty and developmental literature, the 16 items used in the Quality of Life Scale emerged. In subsequent exploratory factor analysis, a three-factor solution surfaced, and this was subjected to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The CFA model scale met the criteria for composite reliability, construct validity, and strict factorial invariance. The scale has enriched our understanding of the three latent dimensions of quality of life that matter most in characterizing the quality of life. First, the indicator "proud about your life" was the strongest factor for latent factor social and physical wellbeing. Second, “can save income”, a proxy for quality of employment. This was the leading indicator for latent factor disposable income. Third, and the indicator “house comfortable to live in” was the notable indicator of latent factor living standards. The Quality of Life Scale can track trends in quality of life of ethnic groups that have a history of ethnopolitical conflict in places like Mathare and Kibra. The scale can be used in other known hotspots of violence in Kenya too where ethnic groups are susceptible to ethnopolitical conflict borne of quality of life differences
Unabated Corruption in the Government of Nigeria Despite the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission: Who Bells the Cat?
Get PDFThis paper examines the different dimensions and continuous corrupt practices in the federal government of Nigeria amidst President Buhari administration’s anti-corruption songs and war (2015 – date). It is observed that the menaces of infrastructural deficits are persistent and unabated due to billions of dollars that are carted away by both political and public office holders on a seasonal basis, and misfit appointment of public officials popularly referred to as ‘favoritism’ and the ‘lopsidedness.’ The study which is qualitative with data gathered from secondary sources. The paper found the fact that political and public office holders across administrations in Nigeria perceived corruption as a worthwhile venture despite the campaign against corruption. It is also noticed that the EFCC created to lead the anti-corruption war only barks without biting. The study advocated, among others, that the National Assembly should immediately reevaluate and review the Nigerian administration of the criminal justice system.
 
Do the Coaches’ Crashes and Their Usage Exposure Come from the Same Distributions? : An Empirical Study Utilizing Wilcoxon and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Tests
Get PDFSince coaches’ crashes have serious impacts on society, many attributes are studied as contributing factors related to the crashes. The present research work focuses on the existing statistical similarity between distribution functions of coaches’ crashes and their usage exposure in the Iranian intercity road network. Traffic volume is considered as an important usage exposure for intercity buses/coaches over the intercity road network, so this study aims to check whether coaches\u27 traffic volume and the frequency of their crashes come from the same distribution functions. The two-sample distribution function test of Wilcoxon as well as the goodness of fit test called Kolmogorov-Smirnov have been utilized to check the statistical similarity between the distribution functions of coaches’ crashes and their usage exposure. Experimental data for coaches’ traffic volumes and their crashes have been collected for three years, and the above-mentioned methods have been performed using the proportion form of collected data due to the existing their different scales. After performing two methods of checking similarity, the results revealed there is no significant difference between the probability functions of traffic volumes, considered as usage exposure, and coaches’ crashes. It means that both attributes come from the same distribution functions. Traffic safety authorities and passenger transport operators who are dealing with traffic safety on the intercity public should be aware of the effects of traffic volumes on coaches\u27 crashes on designing the routes and schedule for passenger transportation
The Effect of Governance on International Trade and the Mediating Role of Business Regulations
Get PDFThe purpose of the study is to investigate the mediating role of business regulations in between the relationship of governance and international trade. Data were collected from 181 countries and the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. It was found that the business regulations practiced by a country significantly influence its international trade, but the governance of the country has a significant indirect influence on its international trade. A full mediation was evident from the results, where the indirect effect of governance on international trade was observed to be fully mediated by business regulations. The study will contribute to guiding governments and regulatory bodies to improve governance and business regulatory environment to facilitate international trade