Society & Sustainability
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Approaches to the Application of Corporate Governance Regulations
Get PDFTo enhance good corporate governance practices, companies, as well as countries, have adopted and promulgated regulations and codes of best practices. To implement these regulations and practices, regulators adopt various approaches which can be broadly classified into voluntary, mandatory, and hybrid. This study examined the aforementioned approaches with particular attention to their strengths and weaknesses. The study employed a qualitative methodology using the doctrinal research method. The doctrinal method relied on primary and secondary sources. The primary sources included legislations and corporate governance codes while the secondary sources included books, e-books, journals, and articles. This methodology was deployed in appraising, interpreting, and applying these various sources of material used in the study. The study found that there are different variations and modifications to the approaches to the application of corporate governance regulations and practices. To facilitate a more efficient and effective corporate governance regime, a combination of the rule-based and principle-based approaches to the application of corporate governance is required.
Abolition of Capital Punishment in India: The Need of the Hour
Get PDFThis article is concerned with the penological perspective of capital punishment in India. It critically examines the contentious views of honorable courts, policymakers, commentators, human rights activists, and the Law Commission of India on whether capital punishment should be abolished or retained as earlier or whether there should be some alternative to it as it is practiced in other nations. In so doing, It has analyzed the penal provisions of different enactments provided in favor of Capital Punishment in India, including a critical examination of the lacuna in the enforcement and implementation of the death penalty. This article has referred to the contradictory landmark judgments of the hon\u27ble Courts of India. This article reviews the suggestions made by the Law Commission of India in its 262nd Reports to determine whether legislators have considered them for future adoption. It has also discussed the theories advocating capital punishment as well as systems of capital punishment in other countries
Sustainable Development Goals and India’s Commitment to Gender Justice
Get PDFSustainable Development Goals are a set of seventeen interconnected objectives to achieve a sustainable future for all. They take a holistic and multidimensional approach to development to alter our planet by addressing humanity\u27s many difficulties. It is an essential component of all aspects of inclusive and long-term growth. Women need to have equal rights and opportunities and live without fear of prejudice or violence. Goal five expressly mentions gender equality as one of the SDGs. Discriminatory laws must be changed and legislation enacted to advance equality proactively to achieve the goals. Gender-based violence is a top priority for governments all across the world. India is dedicated to promoting equality for all of its residents. The Indian Constitution\u27s Preamble, Fundamental Rights, and State Policy Directive Principles express a strong commitment to gender equality. Also, India is the signatory of UN Conventions like CEDAW, where its pledge towards gender justice is evident. Furthermore, India has incorporated various domestic laws in pursuance of its responsibility towards Gender Justice. However, in India, Discrimination against women remains a profound issue despite reforms in various laws and different policies. Several concerns like female labor force participation, crimes against women, education among women, and discrimination are evident. This paper mainly throws light on the status of Gender Justice in India. It will help the stakeholders working on SDGs and Gender justice in policy development. It will highlight the gains and gaps that India has so far accomplished and encountered.
Forced Migration of Rohingya Refugees from Myanmar to Neighboring Countries: A Humanitarian Crisis Unresolved
Get PDFIn this current world, the Rohingya Muslims of Myanmar are deemed to be one of the most inhumanly tortured minorities. The culture of racial persecution is indulged by the decades of a clash between the Myanmar Government and the Rohingyas regarding religious and ethnic variance. However, it is also argued that the Rohingya crisis is not confined to religion but comprises economic and political issues equally. Rohingyas have been deprived of their basic human rights and faced a security crisis. Mass killing, rape, and inhuman torture are notable in this regard. Methodical abuse of human rights of the Rohingya by the military junta of Myanmar has forced thousands of Rohingya to flee the country. Consequently, thousands of Rohingyas now reside as refugees, mostly in Bangladesh, while others escaped to Malaysia, Singapore, and the Middle East. The Government of Myanmar has denied the citizenship of Rohingyas and labeled them as foreigners. This paper highlights the measures adopted by the global community for preventing the mass killing of Rohingyas. This research also portrays the means and methods of the Myanmar Government to suppress the Rohingyas. Furthermore, this paper looks into all sorts of violations of human rights and humanitarian disasters suffered by the Rohingyas and the subsequent humanitarian aid received from the regional and international community
Exploring the Impact of Sustainable Development on Social-economic, and Science and Technological Development in Selected Countries: A Panel Data Analysis
Get PDFThis study examined the construct and latent factors of social, economic, and environmentally sustainable development and Science & technological progress across 39 economies from 2000 to 2016 using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The linear production function model was used to explore the influence of sustainable development on social-economic development and Science & technological progress using country-wise panel data. The age dependency ratio, education expenditure, female labor force, life expectancy, and gender equality were detected as crucial factors of social development. Further, FDI net inflows, gross capital formation, per capita GDP, total employers, and labor force participation rate were found to be valuable variables for increasing economic development. The use of electricity, renewable energy, and green technology in production activities would be helpful in diminishing CO2 emissions and improving environmental sustainability. High-technology exports, ICT goods exports, and R&D expenditure were perceived as essential drivers of increasing Science & technological progress. Sustainable development, Science & technological progress, environmental technology, and job creation in all sectors appeared to be vital indicators to increase social-economic development. Science & technological progress was positively associated with social-economic development, sustainable development, the share of the industrial sector in GDP, and green technology. It was noticed that factors positively related to economic, social, environmental, Science & technological development seemed beneficial to increasing sustainable development. The global economies should implement integrated policy in the social, economic, Science & technology, and environmental sectors to achieve sustainable development. Otherwise, global economies cannot reach the 17 sustainable development goals of the United Nations by 2030
Factors Influencing the Level of Benefits Derived from Social Group Participation: A Study in Eastern Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Get PDFThis research empirically examined factors influencing the level of benefits derived from social group membership in Eastern Wollega Zone, Ethiopia. Methodologically the study used an explanatory research design. Quantitative data were gathered from 490 rural households of the Agricultural Growth Program (AGP) targeted districts using a multi-stage sampling technique. Multiple imputation techniques are used to deal with missed observations. An ordered logistic regression model is employed to empirically evaluate the predictors of the level of benefits derived from social group membership. The econometric results of an ordered logistic regression identified nine explanatory variables as factors influencing the benefits derived from the social group. The significant variables were marital status (p<0.05), education (p<0.05), farming status (p<0.01), mixed farming (p<0.01), livestock production (p<0.01), status in membership (p<0.01), trust index (p<0.01), decision making index (p<0.05) and labor contribution index (p<0.05). However, most of the explanatory variables were insignificant i.e. crop production, age, gender, farm size, heterogeneity index, diversity of membership index, cash meeting attendance index, and cash contribution index (not significant at less than 5% but significant at 10%) This study is very important in contributing to scarce literature related to the factors contributing to the level of benefits derived from social group participation in Ethiopia. The results are expected to support decision-makers at the local level, federal government higher ministries, and policymakers by providing empirical evidence on the factors affecting the level of benefits derived from social group participation
Participation in Sports Betting and Youth Welfare Nexus: An Endogenous Switching Regression Model in Kenyan Perspective
Get PDFThis paper seeks to establish the nexus between sports betting participation and youth welfare in Kenya. The focus of the study is the youth based in the Kajiado North constituency which has the highest youth population within the Nairobi metropolitan statistical area. There are 9 universities around the region. The study sample size is 341. Endogenous switching regression estimation is adopted to determine the association between sports betting participation and youth welfare. From the regression analysis, this study obtains a significant and negative coefficient of -1.4971 relating to sports betting and youth welfare. This suggests that sports betting negatively affects youths\u27 overall welfare in a 1.49 percent greater manner than those who abstain from it. It is important to address the factors that lead the youth to participate in sports betting, particularly control of commercials by making it mandatory that they issue disclaimers that doing so may worsen one\u27s welfare. It is also essential to properly educate young people on financial management in order that they may channel their money toward worthwhile endeavors rather than sports betting
Sexual Harassment in Bangladesh: A Note on Legal Perspective
Get PDFThis paper offers a description of sexual harassment in Bangladesh. Here the existing laws related to the issue have been analyzed, and a comparative approach to molestation has also been discussed. Different surveys have indicated the increasing rate of sexual harassment in Bangladesh. Countries, such as India, and Pakistan are having specific laws and relevant provisions to mitigate such offenses. Despite having laws regarding such offenses, most countries are unable to fight the social ailment of sexual harassment. The secondary data finds that in 2017, 54.7% of women living in urban areas faced the violence of physical, psychological, financial, and social nature, and received unusual words from the stranger and sometimes also from the known person. Sexual Harassment is taking place in different places including workplaces, educational institutions, and online platforms. The existing legislation regarding such offenses may not be adequate in the current situation as the nature of such offenses has been changed. This paper provides recommendations for amending necessary provisions to mitigate such problems. It highlights different surveys on the issue and elucidates the provisions of sexual harassment. Data have been collected from newspaper articles, journal articles, websites, and case references. The comparative perspective of sexual harassment in different countries has also been discussed in this paper.
Influence of Demographic Factors on Retirement Planning and Socio-Economic Status of Civil Servants in Uganda: Reflections from Pensioners from Busoga Sub-Region
Get PDFThis study provides a Ugandan perspective on the influence of demographic factors on retirement planning and the socio-economic status of civil servants. The study collected data from 236 pensioners using a questionnaire survey. The demographic factors included gender, marital status, age, income, and educational level. Using multiple regression, the study concludes that there is a low predictive influence of demographic factors on retirement planning and socio-economic status. Only educational level and monthly income have significant influences on retirement planning and the socioeconomic status of the retirees. This study offers a solid ground for increasing civil servants’ salaries in Uganda. Also, the government may consider identifying resources for the professional development needs of civil servants
Social Media and the Liabilities of Internet Service Providers in Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis of Jurisdictions
Get PDFSocial media has been the vehicle for the dynamic progression of globalization. The purpose of social media encompasses many ends. Some of which allow for liabilities for third-party users, or in some circumstances, liabilities for Internet Service Providers. There are many complications in determining the liabilities of Internet Service Providers and third-party users. This paper examined the nature of Internet Service Providers (ISP), social media, and the activities of third-party users in Nigeria. It also interrogated the various instances where third party use of social media might affect ISP liability. This paper further explored the judicial and legal framework of some jurisdictions to see how they view the liabilities of internet service providers. The paper concluded that internet service providers should be held accountable for the content that is published on their platforms as it affects greatly the lives of concerned users offline