HAL-Lyon 3
Not a member yet
65223 research outputs found
Sort by
Women’s Europeanist networks and the gendering of EEC labour policies during the long 1960s (1957–74)
No full textInternational audienceHistorians and political scientists have long traced the introduction of a reflection on the gendered impact of European public policies back to the mid-1970s. This was linked in particular to the attempt to reduce inequalities between men and women at work, and to the adoption of European legislation in this area, based on directives designed to ensure the application of Article 119 of the Treaty of Rome. This legal approach provides little explanation of the reasons, actors and modalities for putting gender issues on the agenda of the European Economic Communities (EEC). Based mostly on the archives of women’s associations linked to the European Movement, and secondarily on the holdings of several European institutions (Commission, Parliament, Council, Economic and Social Committee), this article offers an original top-down and bottom-up analysis of the process of gendering EEC policies between 1957 and 1974. It contributes to the analysis of the economisation of the EEC social policies and shows that, for women Europeanist activists of the 1960s, gender equality could not be reduced to the issue of wages. Gendering European policies neither represented a linear process of framing of social policies under the economic goals of the EEC, nor was it an insignificant tool in the affirmation of the European institutions vis-à-vis the Member States. Eventually, studying the agency of women’s associations in the inclusion of gender in EEC labour policies allows the article to shed new light on the citizen impulses in the European integration process, from the 1960s onwards
Autorytet papieski żądany zza Alp: kolekcja kanoniczna w wielotekstowych kodeksach renesansu karolińskiego jako świadek relacji centrum-peryferie
No full textInternational audienc
Metallic trace elements in wild and farmed fish from the Aveiro Region (Portugal)
No full textInternational audienceThis study assessed the concentrations of 11 metallic trace elements (MTEs: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn) in fish muscle from eight wild and farmed species collected in the Aveiro region of Portugal, an area historically affected by industrial pollution. A total of 66 samples were analyzed by ICP-MS. Mean concentrations (mg/kg ww), arranged in ascending order, were: Ni (0.0001), Cd (0.0015), Co (0.0020), Pb (0.0023), Cr (0.0179), Mn (0.0862), Cu (0.2500), Se (0.2964), Fe (1.9236), As (1.9260, total As), and Zn (3.3701). Significant differences were observed among species and between wild and farmed fish, particularly in Dicentrarchus labrax and Sparus aurata. Although Cd and Pb concentrations remained below current European maximum levels, risk assessment based on safe consumption limits (SCLnc) identified total Se, Cd, and Pb as the most restrictive elements for daily intake, especially in children. For arsenic, only total concentrations were considered, as inorganic As could not be distinguished in this study. No significant non-carcinogenic risks were identified at current national average fish consumption levels; however, the potential cumulative and synergistic effects of multiple metals in chronic exposure warrant further investigation. The Metal Pollution Index (MPI < 1 for all samples) confirmed low overall contamination. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing monitoring of trace elements in fish to ensure food safety and protect vulnerable populations
Le handicap pendant le long Moyen Âge
No full textNational audienceThis chapter (250,000 characters) presents a synthesis of current historical research on various ‘disabilities’ from 313 to 1789. Falling within the field of cultural disability history, it goes beyond the traditional inclusion/exclusion lens used to analyse the existence of ‘disabled’ people in the past, in favour of the more nuanced concept of social participation.Ce chapitre (250 000 signes) présente une synthèse de la recherche historique actuelle sur les différents "handicaps" de 313 à 1789. Inscrit dans le champ des cultural disability history, il dépasse le prisme inclusion/exclusion traditionnellement employé pour analyser l'existence des personnes "infirmes" du passé, au profit notamment de la notion de participations sociales, plus nuancée
Un aveugle peut-il refuser de voir ? Optique, critique sociale et cécité à la fin du règne de Louis XV
No full textInternational audienceIn 1771, an anonymous philosophical tale was published, L'Aveugle qui refuse de voir. The eponymous character and that of the oculist who intends to give him sight are two literary effects of the optical and ophthalmological revival of the 17th and 18th centuries, and each embodies a voice of the Enlightenment. The blind man, through the prism of his blindness, produces a critique of the hierarchical and unequal society of the Ancien Régime, insofar as it is based on the sense of sight.En 1771 est publié un conte philosophique anonyme, L’Aveugle qui refuse de voir. Le personnage éponyme et celui de l’oculiste qui entend lui donner la vue constituent deux effets littéraires du renouveau optique et ophtalmologique des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, et incarnent chacun une voix des Lumières. L’aveugle, au prisme de sa cécité, produit une critique de la société d’Ancien Régime hiérarchisée et inégalitaire, en tant qu’elle est fondée sur le sens de la vue
We, You, the emotions and the reliability
No full textInternational audienceThe HROs have original working methods, dominated by an action-oriented approach and a particular way of understanding the complexity of their environment. This requires aptitude in exploiting diversity of group perceptions: variety of interpretations, ideas and arguments differentiation, listening to the other, reconciliation of differences, and the commitment to review and update procedures and modalities action, while maintaining a clear big-picture (Weick, 2004, p.663). Controlling the environment starts with understanding potential incidents and detecting the weak signals that precede them. Thus, HRO members have an ability to recognize latent errors and remove them before they turn into a crisis. We are talking about organizational resilience.However, research on HROs generally assumes that their members are essentially the employees of the organizations. The HROs extended to more open organizations than the one originally analyzed. For example, emergency care units, paediatric care units or theatres are organizations that interact with people and the public. Researchers have paid little attention to the ways in which they have managed to include this outsider view in order to ensure situational awareness and 'indigenous' perception in order to secure the activity.We will try to highlight the role of these people 'external to the organization' in risk mitigation through a series of examples collected during the HRO researches
Perception de la légitimité des services de conseil en durabilité chez les experts-comptables français : une perspective d’intégration cognitive
No full textInternational audienceThis research investigates how French Chartered Professional Accountants (CPAs) perceive their legitimacy to deliver sustainability advisory services in light of regulatory changes such as the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive. Drawing on legitimacy theory and information integration theory (IIT), it explores how CPAs cognitively integrate cues related to the nature and extent of sustainability services and whether judgements vary across professional subgroups.With the aid of functional measurement methodology, 67 French CPAs evaluated 36 scenarios combining four types of sustainability advisory services (carbon footprint analysis, non-financial reporting, management transformation, and mission-driven status), with varying levels of complexity. Cluster analyses and mixed-design analyses of variance identified distinct cognitive patterns in legitimacy judgements.Three clusters of CPAs emerged: (1) the Confident, who consistently judge high legitimacy across all services; (2) the Circumspect, whose legitimacy judgements decrease sharply when services become complex or cumulative; and (3) the Sceptical, who express systematically low legitimacy perceptions, especially of carbon-related services. These profiles highlight heterogeneity within the profession and reveal how personal dispositions and organisational contexts shape legitimacy judgements.The study is based on a French convenience sample and hypothetical scenarios, focusing on four service types. Broader contextual and personal factors may affect the findings and warrant further research.Strategies to strengthen CPAs’ legitimacy should be tailored to different profiles. Recommended actions include creating specialised sustainability units in firms, offering targeted training programs, and clarifying professional and regulatory guidelines for sustainability-related services.This study is the first to apply IIT to the accounting profession, bridging cognitive psychology and legitimacy theory. In revealing the heterogeneous and dynamic legitimacy perceptions among CPAs, it also challenges assumptions of uniform scepticism.Cette recherche examine comment les experts-comptables (EC) français perçoivent leur légitimité à fournir des services de conseil en matière de durabilité à la lumière des changements réglementaires tels que la directive sur rapport de durabilité (CSRD). S'appuyant sur la théorie de la légitimité et la théorie de l'intégration de l'information (TII), elle explore comment les experts-comptables intègrent cognitivement les indices liés à la nature et à l'étendue des missions de conseil en durabilité et si leurs jugements varient selon des sous-groupes professionnels.À l'aide d'une méthodologie de mesure fonctionnelle, 67 EC français ont évalué 36 scénarios combinant quatre types de services de conseil en durabilité (analyse de l'empreinte carbone, reporting non financier, accompagnement managérial et statut des sociétés à mission), avec des niveaux de complexité variables. Des analyses de regroupement et des analyses de variance à conception mixte ont permis d'identifier des schémas cognitifs distincts dans les jugements de légitimité.Trois groupes d'experts-comptables ont émergé : (1) les confiants, qui jugent systématiquement leur légitimité élevée sur tous les types de services et dans toute leur complexité ; (2) les circonspects, dont les jugements de légitimité diminuent fortement lorsque les services deviennent complexes ou cumulatifs ; et (3) les sceptiques, qui expriment systématiquement une perception faible de leur légitimité, en particulier des services liés l’empreinte carbone. Ces profils mettent en évidence l'hétérogénéité au sein de la profession et révèlent comment les dispositions personnelles et les contextes organisationnels façonnent les jugements de légitimité.L'étude est basée sur un échantillon de commodité français et des scénarios hypothétiques, axés sur quatre types de services. Des facteurs contextuels et personnels plus larges peuvent influencer les résultats et justifient des recherches supplémentaires.Les stratégies visant à renforcer la légitimité des EC doivent être adaptées aux différents profils. Parmi les mesures recommandées figurent la création d'unités spécialisées dans le conseil en durabilité au sein des cabinets, la mise en place de programmes de formation ciblés, et la clarification des directives professionnelles et réglementaires relatives aux services liés à la durabilité.Cette étude est la première à appliquer la TII à la profession comptable, faisant le lien entre la psychologie cognitive et la théorie de la légitimité. En révélant les perceptions hétérogènes et dynamiques de la légitimité parmi les EC, elle remet également en question les hypothèses d'un scepticisme uniform
Concours de qualifications : suite du feuilleton
No full textInternational audience(Crim. 10 sept. 2025, no 23-82.847
The Caravan Roads and Way Stations in North-West Arabia (CaRoWS) Project. Report on the 2025 Season.
No full textThis is the report of the 2025 fieldwork season undertaken by the CaRoWS project in the Saudi Arabian Ḥismā. It contains several chapters : on the Greek, Early Islamic, Ancient North Arabian and Nabataean as well Developing Arabic inscriptions. They are preceded by an introduction and followed by a general commentary. It contains also appendices, among which maps, a list of sites and a catalogue of the new Nabataean and Nabataeo-Arabic inscriptions. 33 plates illustrate the report.Ceci est le rapport de la campagne 2025 du projet CaRoWS dans la Ḥismā saoudienne. Il comprend plusieurs chapitres consacrés aux inscriptions grecques, arabes, nord-arabiques anciennes, nabatéennes et nabatéo-arabes. Il comprend également une introduction et un commentaire général.Le rapport contient aussi des annexes, parmi lesquelles des cartes, une liste des sites et un catalogue des nouvelles inscriptions nabatéennes et nabatéo-arabes. L'ensemble est par ailleurs illustré de 33 planches