3714 research outputs found
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Rational design of Ru/TiO2/CNTs as cathode: promotion of cycling performance for aprotic lithium-oxygen battery
No full textRealizing long-life cycling is the biggest challenge in the research field of Li-O2 batteries in the current stage. The main reasons for poor cycling performance are the sluggish Li2O2 formation and decomposition process, as well as the side reaction of carbon cathode. In order to accurately address the problems above, a TiO2/CNTs cathode was rationally designed for long-life Li-O2 batteries. The CNTs skeleton offers multiple three-dimensional channels for the rapid transportation of oxygen, Li+ and electrons. A thin-film and discontinuous layer of TiO2 is coated on the CNTs surface to effectively inhibit the carbon corrosion but still could let mass transfer smoothly. Ultrafine Ru nanoparticles decorating the TiO2/CNTs serve as efficient catalytic active sites. Benefiting from the unique structure design, Li-O2 batteries with the cathode of TiO2/CNTs achieve a cycling life of 110 with a fixed capacity of 500 mAh g-1 at a current density of 100 mA g-1. Our research generates new ideas for designing long-cycling Li-O2 battery cathodes
Immune mechanisms of cardiac aging
No full textAdvances in healthcare and improvements in living conditions have led to rising life expectancy worldwide. Aging is associated with excessive oxidative stress, a chronic inflammatory state, and limited tissue healing, all of which result in an increased risk of heart failure. In fact, the prevalence of heart failure approaches 40% in the ninth decade of life, with the majority of these cases suffering from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In cardiomyocytes (CMs), age-related mitochondrial dysfunction results in disrupted calcium signaling and covalent protein-linked aggregates, which cause cardiomyocyte functional disturbances, resulting in increased stiffness and diastolic dysfunction. Importantly, aging is also associated with chronic low-grade, sterile inflammation, which alters the function of interstitial cardiac cells and leads to cardiac fibrosis. Taken together, cardiac aging is associated with cellular, structural, and functional changes in the heart that contribute to the rising prevalence of heart failure in older people
Surface oxidation promotes the flotation of ilmenite: a critical review
No full textDue to its high efficiency, ease of operation, and superior selectivity, flotation separation has emerged as a promising technique for the extraction of ilmenite from natural resources. In light of the solution chemistry of ilmenite, it is widely accepted that ferrous ions and ferrous hydroxy compounds serve as the primary active sites for collector adsorption across a broad range of slurry pH values. The commonly used collectors like sodium oleate and hydroxamic acid are capable of chemical bonding with Fe2+ to form complexes and then enhance the floatability of ilmenite. However, Fe3+ ions perform a higher affinity to both collectors rather than Fe2+, the formed stronger complexes are advantageous for enhancing the hydrophobicity of ilmenite and increasing the probability for air bubble attachment, resulting in an improved ilmenite flotation recovery. Consequently, how to maximize the conversion efficiency of Fe2+ to Fe3+ and provide additional Fe3+ active sites on ilmenite surface for collector attachment have become the hot spot. Herein, this review aims to firstly analyze the crystal structure and solution chemistry of ilmenite and then provide a concise summary of recent advances in different oxidation technologies for promoting the conversion of Fe2+ to Fe3+, including hydroxyl radicals oxidation, direct chemical oxidation, and thermal oxidation, and the in-depth activation mechanisms are well illustrated. Also, current challenges and perspectives in this field are discussed. This review would benefit the development of next-generation flotation techniques for earth-abundant titanium resources
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids in 2022
No full textGeneration of high definition map for accurate and robust localization
No full textThis paper presents a framework for generating high-definition (HD) map, and then achieves accurate and robust localization by virtue of the map. An iterative approximation based method is developed to generate a HD map in Lanelet2 format. A feature association method based on structural consistency and feature similarity is proposed to match the elements of the HD map and the actual detected elements. The feature association results from the HD map are used to correct lateral drift in the light detection and ranging odometry. Finally, some experimental results are presented to verify the reliability and accuracy of autonomous driving localization
Organocatalytic regio- and enantioselective formal [4 + 2]-annulation of chiral nitrogen-containing dipoles
No full textQuinidine-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective formal [4 + 2]-cycloadditions of 2-(4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-yl)acrylates with N-tosyl-2-methylenebut-3-enoates and 2-methylene-3-oxoalkanoates have been developed for the first time. The reaction features the in situ formation of chiral nitrogen-containing dipolar intermediates, a ring-opening/Michael addition/annulation cascade reaction, and works well over a broad substrate scope to furnish the tetrahydroquinolines in high yields with high asymmetric induction under mild conditions
Application of sulfonium and sulfoxonium ylides in organocatalyzed asymmetric reaction
No full textSulfur-based ylides are very important and valuable reagents in organic synthesis and have been widely applied in the preparation of cyclic compounds and the formation of C-X (X = C, N, O, S, B, P) bond. Since the early 2000s, asymmetric organocatalysis has become a powerful strategy in organic synthesis (even highlighted by the 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry) and has attracted widespread research interest among synthetic organic chemists. In this area, a large number of outstanding achievements have been registered in the novel chiral catalysts design, new compounds synthesis, various reagents application, and versatile reaction discovery. Given the extensive application of sulfonium and sulfoxonium ylides in organic synthesis, in this review, we mainly summarize the organocatalyzed asymmetric reactions involving these ylide reagents as one of the reactants. Detailed reaction mechanisms, transition states and some synthetic applications are highlighted. The challenges and opportunities of this field are also discussed in the outlook
The role of domain alterations in F1Fo-ATPase dysfunction associated to neurodegenerative diseases
No full textMitochondrial dysfunction can lead to degeneration in the central nervous system. F1Fo-ATPase catalyzes most of the intracellular ATP synthesis which plays an essential role in cellular energy supply. The dimerized assembly of F1Fo-ATPase underlies the rotational catalytic function and regulates the mechanisms of oxidative phosphorylation. F1Fo-ATPase dysfunction is involved in a variety of neurological diseases, including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Dysregulated expression, activity, and localization of F1Fo-ATPase subunits and the interactions with pathogenic proteins result in decreased F1Fo-ATPase activity and ATP production, and aggravated oxidative stress
Wearable plasmonic biofluid sensors as your photonic skin
No full textNoninvasive monitoring of markers in biofluids is of paramount significance for health and welfare, which is being integrated into the next-generation consumable wearables. Movement-free sweat extraction and continuous monitoring of fresh sweat are two major challenges for wearable plasmonic sweat sensors. In this perspective, we highlight recent approaches that integrated an electronic sweat extraction system and a microfluidic system with plasmonic sensors to address the challenge. The future directions of systematic integration and miniaturization are discussed
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