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Zn-based batteries for energy storage
No full textZn-based electrochemistry is considered to be the most promising alternative to Li-ion batteries due to its abundant reserves and cost-effectiveness. In addition, aqueous electrolytes are more convenient to be used in Zn-based batteries due to their good compatibility with Zn-chemistry, thereby reducing cost and improving safety. Furthermore, Zn2+/Zn couples involve two-electron redox chemistry, which can provide higher theoretical energy capacity and energy density. Based on this, a series of Zn-based battery systems, including Zn-ion batteries, Zn-air batteries, and Zn-based redox flow batteries, have received more and more research attention. Here, the fundamentals and recent advances in Zn-based rechargeable batteries are presented, along with perspectives on further research directions
C60 and ZIF-67 synergistically modified gelatin-based nanofibrous separators for Li-S batteries
No full textThe lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has been attracting much more attention in recent years due to its high theoretical capacity and low cost, although various issues, such as the “shuttle effect” and the low use ratio of active materials, have been hindering the development and application of Li-S batteries. The separator is an important part of Li-S batteries, and its modification is a simple and effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries. In this work, we explore separators with different functions on their two sides that have been produced by a step-by-step electrospinning method. The multifunctional separator on one side is pure gelatin, and the other side is zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67)-C60-gelatin. The ZIF-67-C60-gelatin layer on the cathode side is of great importance. The chemisorption sites on it are provided by ZIF-67, and the transformation sites of lithium polysulfide are provided by C60. Gelatin, which is on the anode side, as an admirable separator material, makes the lithium flux uniform and thus prevents the generation of lithium dendrites. This type of multifunctional nanofiber separator based on double gelatin layers plays an important role in the adsorption and conversion of polysulfides, and it improves the overall performance of the Li-S battery. As a result, the Li-S batteries assembled with the prepared separator can still maintain the capacity of 888 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 C, and the capacity retention rate of the Li-S batteries is 72.9% after 400 cycles at 2 C. This simple preparation method and high-performance bilayer membrane structure provide a new route for commercial application
Photothermal catalytic H2 production over hierarchical porous CaTiO3 with plasmonic gold nanoparticles
No full textThe synergistic promotion by photocatalysis and thermocatalysis is a promising approach for sustainable hydrogen (H2) production. Herein, we rationally design a perovskite-based catalyst with three-dimensionally ordered macroporous structure (3DOM CaTiO3-Au) for photothermal catalytic H2 production from different substrates. The hierarchical 3DOM structure facilitates light harvesting and mass diffusion of the substrates, while the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) promote charge separation. The photogenerated and hot electrons are oriented accumulated on the surface of Au NPs. The non-metallic gold species [Au(I)] show more activity for H2 evolution. As a result, 3DOM CaTiO3-Au exhibits excellent activity for H2 production from glycerol and other substrates with hydroxyl groups. The present work demonstrates a feasible approach to improve sustainable H2 production by rationally designing and fabricating efficient photothermal catalysts
The influence of A/B-sites doping on antiferroelectricity of PZO energy storage films
No full textAntiferroelectrics are a kind of unique dielectric materials, mainly due to their polarization behavior, and composition-induced antiferroelectricity stability also draws considerable attention. In this work, single orthorhombic phase (Pb0.95Bi0.05)ZrO3 (PBZ), Pb(Zr0.95Bi0.05)O3 (PZB), and PbZrO3 (PZO) films with good density and flatten surface was prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate via sol-gel method. Compared with pure PZO films, the PBZ and PZB films possess increased switching electric field difference Δ E due to enhanced forward switching field and the late response of backward switching field. In terms of stabilizing AFE phase, changing the tolerance factor t has the similar effect as Bi-doping the A/B sites in PZO, with the modification of the A-site being more effective than that of the B-site. PBZ films achieve a high recoverable energy density (Wrec) of 26.4 J/cm3 with energy efficiency (η) of 56.2% under an electric field of 1278 kV/cm, which exceeds other pure AFE materials. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the crystal structure-related antiferroelectricity of PZO materials and broadens the chemical doping route to enhance the electric properties of AFE materials
The efficacy and safety of intramuscular aceclofenac and diclofenac for managing postoperative pain in patients undergoing composite resection for oral cancer
No full textAim: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most used analgesics for postoperative pain management. Aceclofenac is a newer phenylacetic acid derivative, and being a predominant cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, it has better gastrointestinal tolerability than diclofenac. The aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of aceclofenac and diclofenac in managing postoperative pain using the Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability (FLACC) score and a visual analog scale (VAS) following composite resection for oral cancer.Methods: Seventy-six patients who underwent composite resection for oral cancer at a tertiary care hospital were randomly assigned to receive either injection of aceclofenac 150 mg or diclofenac 75 mg intramuscularly at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h postoperatively. The FLACC score was recorded at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h, and the VAS score was recorded at 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h. Intravenous tramadol 100 mg was given as a rescue analgesic if the FLACC or VAS score was > 3. The patient satisfaction score was recorded at 72 h.Results: There were 61 female and 15 male patients. Mean surgery durations in the aceclofenac and diclofenac groups were 450.00 ± 116.00 and 416.84 ± 130.63 minutes, respectively. Mean FLACC scores between the two groups were not significantly different. Patients receiving diclofenac had significantly lower mean VAS scores (P = 0.005) at 72 than at 24 h. There was no significant difference in mean VAS scores between groups. The amount of rescue analgesic required in both groups was similar (P = 0.34). At 72 h, 31.57% of patients graded their satisfaction as good in the aceclofenac group and 34.21% in the diclofenac group. Nausea and dyspepsia were common adverse effects in both groups.Conclusion: Aceclofenac was as effective as diclofenac in reducing postoperative pain following composite resection for oral cancer. In individuals with a history of gastritis or peptic ulcer, aceclofenac can be an alternative to diclofenac
Hepatocellular carcinoma in Pacific Islanders: comparison of Pacific Island-born vs. US-born
No full textAim: To describe demographic, clinical, and outcome differences in Pacific Island-born (PI-born) compared to US-born hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients of Pacific Island ancestry within a clinical cohort in Hawaii.Methods: A prospectively collected database of 1608 patients diagnosed with HCC over a 30-year period (1993-2022) identified 252 patients of Pacific Islander ethnicity. Data collected: demographics, medical history, laboratory data, tumor characteristics, treatment, and survival. Patients were divided into two groups: PI-born and US-born. Categorical variables were analyzed using ANOVA and chi-square analysis. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Overall survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results: PI-born patients were younger (57.3 vs. 61.8 years, P = 0.002) and more likely to have hepatitis B (OR 14.10, 7.50-26.50) and underlying cirrhosis (OR 2.28, 1.17-4.45). In comparison, US-born patients had a significantly higher likelihood of Hepatitis C, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, history of non-HCC cancer, and positive smoking history compared to PI-born patients. PI-born patients were more likely to forego treatment (OR 3.22, 1.77-5.87) and be lost to follow-up (OR 9.21, 1.97-43.03). Both groups were equally likely to have the opportunity for curative surgical treatment (liver resection or transplant). US-born status was associated with higher mortality risk, while transplantation was associated with lower mortality risk. The PI-born cohort demonstrated higher overall survival at 3 and 5 years compared to US-born.Conclusion: HBV remains the primary risk factor for HCC in PI-born patients, whereas HCC in US-born patients is more associated with the adoption of a Westernized lifestyle
Features of cholesterol metabolism in macrophages in immunoinflammatory diseases
No full textImmune-inflammatory rheumatological diseases are a large group of pathological conditions that lead to chronic inflammation and organ damage. Many autoimmune diseases are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular complications, including atherosclerosis. Inflammation plays a significant role in the development and accelerated course of atherosclerotic lesions. Disorders of lipid metabolism are closely associated with the functions of cells of the immune system and can contribute to the development of these diseases. Cholesterol and lipids are involved in various cellular processes, including intercellular recognition, signal transmission and energy supply. The effect of cholesterol metabolism on the immune response is of great importance and is being actively investigated. Further study of the mechanism of cholesterol efflux from cells may be the key to understanding the relationship between immune-inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we have summarized data on cholesterol metabolism and its effect on the development of pathological conditions
Development complexity of Cyber-Physical Systems: theoretical and practical benefits from Pre-Integrated Architectures
No full textAim: The growing complexity of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) impacts resources and development time. Hence, numerous component-based design approaches have been developed to mitigate complexity and, consequently, the R&D effort. But is complexity even measurable? The aims of this paper are: to contribute to the CPS and Product Line Engineering (PLE) fields of research; to understand and apply the tools estimating CPS complexity; to evaluate the benefits of Pre-Integrated Architectures (PIARCHs) from the point of view of CPS complexity.Methods: Based on prior studies, we found that complexity is measurable. We used a structural complexity metric to calculate the impact of PIARCHs by creating variants of a given system architecture. In a practical application project, we used PIARCHs on two types of use cases: generic ones, like localization and perception, and a highly specific one: Urban Automated Driving.Results: Based on the calculation established by complexity metrics, PIARCHs reduce complexity. This has been revealed in theoretical and practical approaches. Generic use cases like localization and perception of an automated vehicle have more benefits with PIARCHs than the complex Urban Automated Driving use case. This can be explained by the fact that the number of inputs and parameters is smaller, and after the initial investment, the field of applications is wider.Conclusion: Project complexity is measurable, and the impact of PIARCHs mitigating complexity can be assessed. Their impact varies according to the complexity of the use case and the width of the field of applications. A minimum of complexity is required to justify the initial investment. However, an excessive PIARCH complexity reduces the number of applications and the payback of the initial investment
Microstructural constructing 2D tin allotropes on Al(111): from quasi-periodic lattice to square-like lattice
No full textThe lattice arrangement and degree of buckling have been playing vital roles in the structure stability, bonding configuration, and electronic band structures of two-dimensional (2D) single-layer materials. Here, we fabricate two tin allotropes beyond honeycomb stanene by epitaxial growth method on Al(111). Sn-I phase with quasi-periodic lattice and Sn-II phase with square-like lattice have been identified by scanning tunneling microscopy. Combined with scanning tunneling spectroscopy, it is revealed that Sn-II phase with four-coordinate tin atoms exhibits enhanced decoupling effects due to their saturated bonds. In this study, the discovery of new lattice arrangements with well-defined atomic structures beyond honeycomb lattice provides an appealing approach to searching 2D elemental single layers and novel physical properties
Development of an accurate “composition-process-properties” dataset for SLMed Al-Si-(Mg) alloys and its application in alloy design
No full textAl-Si-Mg series alloys are the most common alloys available for additive manufacturing forming with low cracking tendency. However, there is no systematic study on the computational design of SLMed Al-Si-(Mg) alloys due to the huge parameter space of composition and processes. In this paper, a high-quality dataset of SLMed Al-Si-(Mg) alloys containing 176 pieces of data from 50 publications was first established, which recorded the information, including alloy compositions, process parameters, test conditions, and mechanical properties. A threshold value of 35 J/mm3 for energy density (Ed) was then proposed as a criterion to clean the data points with lower ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (EL). The cleaned dataset consists of a first training/testing dataset with 142 data for model construction and a second testing dataset with 9 data for model verification. After that, four machine learning models were applied to establish the quantitative relation of “composition-processes-properties” in SLMed Al-Si-(Mg) alloys. The MLPReg model was chosen as the optimal one considering its best performance and subsequently utilized to design novel compositions and process parameters for SLMed Al-Si-(Mg) alloys. The UTS and EL of the designed alloy with a maximum comprehensive mechanical property are 549 MPa and 16%, both of which are higher than all the available experimental data. It is anticipated that the present design strategy based on the machine learning method should generally be applicable to other SLMed alloy systems
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