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VALUES IN THE SUPREME COURT: DECISIONS, DIVISION AND DIVERSITY by RACHEL CAHILL-O’CALLAGHAN
No full textFew modern-day lawyers, and even fewer in the socio-legal tradition, now
believe in what Pound termed ‘mechanical jurisprudence’, whereby judges
objectively and impassively analyse the law in order to arrive at the single
correct legal answer hidden within. Not only does this idea do a great
disservice to the complexity of the law, which is filled with gaps, rife with
ambiguity, and full of opportunities for the exercise of discretion, but it also
mischaracterizes the essential nature of judgment making. For better or for
worse, humans cannot make totally objective judgments, divorced from their
experiences, values, and preferences. Whilst it is comforting to think that
judges are somehow different in this regard, we should heed the words of Lord
Dyson: ‘it may be surprising [but] occasionally we need to remind ourselves
that judges are human beings [who] respond to problems in different ways.’1
Indeed, as long ago as 1943, Lord Wright opined that
the judge does not approach the case with a blank mind. Subconsciously or
consciously, trained mental processes are involved, rules learned in the past
function in his mind, his own past experience and his past reading of other cases
all combine to lead to a judgment.
A Comparative Evaluation of Speech-Text Effective Approaches for Arabic Sentiment Analysis
No full textIn recent years, the pervasive use of social media platforms has elevated the significance of users' emotions, ranging from satisfaction to anxiety, within digital discourse. This trend is particularly pronounced in the Arabic-speaking digital landscape, where the language holds a prominent presence across various communication platforms and social media networks. Effectively interpreting sentiment voiced in Arabic speech and script poses a significant difficulty owing to several elements. These consist of the ingrained sophistication of Arabic morphology, the scarcity of comprehensive Arabic corpora, and the divergence of Arabic accents and dialects. Conventional methods for sentiment analysis have struggled to provide accurate results in this context, prompting the exploration of deep learning techniques as a potential solution. This study tackles the challenge of Arabic sentiment analysis, encompassing modern standard Arabic as well as dialectal Arabic, by examining the effectiveness of assorted deep learning models in discerning sentiments expressed in both speech and its corresponding transcript data. Specifically, the study compares Arabic speech sentiment analysis with its transcript analysis, employing CNN, LSTM, BI-LSTM, and GRU models. A diverse dataset comprising Arabic speech and text samples, encompassing positive, negative, and neutral sentiments, was meticulously curated for this purpose. Each deep learning model was trained and evaluated separately on both speech and text data to assess its ability to discern sentiment nuances across these modalities. The results yielded insightful findings regarding the relative performance of CNN, LSTM, BI-LSTM, and GRU models across speech and text datasets. For Arabic speech sentiment analysis, BI-LSTM emerged as the most effective model, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 89%, followed closely by CNN at 84%. In contrast, for Arabic text sentiment analysis, GRU and CNN techniques outperformed LSTM and BI-LSTM, achieving accuracy rates of 73% and 72%, respectively. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into the domain of Arabic sentiment analysis, shedding light on the comparative effectiveness of CNN, LSTM, BI-LSTM, and GRU models in analysing sentiments expressed through both speech and text data. These findings hold significant implications for scholars and experts seeking to develop efficient emotion evaluation systems tailored to Arabic language contexts
Comparative analysis of environmental, social and governance (ESG) ratings: do sectors and regions differ
No full textSustainable and holistic investment philosophy such as environmental, social and
governance (ESG) concepts have now emerged as the subtle, comprehensive and
concrete response to the unprecedented surge in environmental, social and financial
market sustainable development problems. The main aim of this paper is to perform
an in-depth study on ESG ratings world-wide and to granularly analyse how and
why they differ within industries and regions as reported by Sustainalytics on 13,589
companies as of December 2022. Perceiving ESG ratings from dual dimensions, we
introduce the ‘push–pull effect’ where we identify the rationale pushing corporates
for providing their ESG engagements to ESG rating providers and the justification
for stakeholders pulling information from these rating providers. Correspondence
analysis, nonparametric independent sample Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whit
ney test are performed as tools of inference. Results reveal that Asia and America
are regions demonstrating high ESG risks with European corporates exhibiting
low ESG risks. In terms of industry, transportation infrastructure and media, both
categorized under low ESG risk, portray a statistically significant difference from
other industries. Finally, the sector wise reports clearly evince an overall statistically
significant difference between financial and non-financial sector in all regions, the
former presenting high risk ESG scores in Asia and North America. Policy implica
tions are set as ESG is a concept which has stepped out of the “awareness creation”
stage to an implementation state, imploring policy makers to embark on stringent
measures of ensuring ESG compliance to reap stakeholder confidence and ensure
sustainable development
Transforming Non-Critical External Suppliers to Domestic Suppliers: A Risk Management Approach to Building a Competent Supply Chain in The Defense Industry
No full textThis thesis explores the transformation of non-critical external suppliers into domestic suppliers within the UAE’s defense industry, emphasizing a structured risk management approach to enhance supply chain competence and performance. The study identifies key challenges associated with supplier localization, including quality control, cost competitiveness, and compliance with defense industry regulations. By integrating supplier development initiatives and project risk management strategies, the research aims to address project-specific risks while promoting a resilient and self-sufficient supply chain. The study applies theoretical frameworks such as the Resource-Based View (RBV), Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), and Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) to assess the interplay between risk mitigation, supplier capacity building, and localization efforts. Using a descriptive research design supported by quantitative survey data collected from stakeholders in the UAE defense sector, the research develops a comprehensive risk management framework. Findings reveal that effective project risk management and targeted supplier development positively influence supply chain resilience, efficiency, and responsiveness. The study offers practical recommendations for policymakers and industry leaders to strategically localize suppliers, improve compliance, and mitigate risks in defense operations. The research contributes to academic knowledge and industry practice by bridging gaps in supplier localization literature while supporting national security and economic growth
Migration and Net FDI: Role of Governance
No full textAlthough the relationship between migration and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has
been extensively explored in the literature. A notable gap exists in understanding the role
of governance in shaping this relationship. This research has primarily focused on the
direct links between migrants and FDI, dominating the importance influence of
governance structures. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the role of
governance as a critical moderator influencing the migration-FDI relationship. We
substantiate our conceptual model by applying it to an extensive global panel dataset
covering 48 countries spanning from 2011 to 2019. Using Process Macro to test our
hypotheses. The results reveal that a robust governance structure in a specific country
enhances the relationship between migration and FDI directed towards that nation. The
result revealed that 78% of net FDI comes from migrants and structure governance of
hosted countries. Particularly, positive relationship between migration and FDI was
significantly stronger at a higher level of governance. Therefore, our study introduces
new insights into the boundary conditions that influence and provide an answer for when
migration shapes the dynamics of FDI net flows through moderating role of governance
Exploring the Low Student Achievement in External Assessment (MAP) Compared to Internal Achievement in Mathematics, in a Private School in Dubai
No full textThis dissertation investigates the discrepancy between student performance in the Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) external assessment and internal assessments in Mathematics within a private school in Dubai. The research is conducted against the backdrop of Dubai’s commitment to educational excellence, as emphasised by the UAE Vision 2021 and the National Agenda. The study addresses four primary research Foci: the nature and scope of the MAP assessment, the alignment between the school’s internal assessment techniques and MAP standards, the reasons behind students’ underperformance in MAP as perceived by school leaders and teachers, and how assessment data is utilised to improve student outcomes. Through a mixed-methods approach, using a questionnaire and interviews with educators, the study uncovers significant gaps in curriculum alignment, instructional practices, and the use of data-driven strategies. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to bridge the gap between internal and external assessments, providing actionable recommendations for educators and school administrators to enhance student outcomes in both contexts. The implications extend beyond the studied school, offering insights for similar educational institutions across Dubai.
Keywords: Measures of academic progress, external & internal assessments, curriculum, data-driven instruction, student performanc
Establishing A Guideline and Decision-Making Approach For UAE Solar Assets Waste Management By Utilizing PVsyst
No full textThis research studies the PV solar panels waste with respect to their end-of-life EOL
management for PV assets installed in a solar park in the UAE. The lack of thorough worldwide
rules and frameworks that direct decision-making in connection to the disposal of photovoltaic
(PV) panel waste, as well as the insufficient research on the management of such waste, are the
driving forces behind this study. The study aims to address this gap by identifying the factors
affecting the performance and efficiency of PV systems, specifically in UAE, a country known
for its extremely hot and dry climate, and establish an evaluation approach and guidelines.
PVsyst simulation software was utilized for the purpose of system performance analysis and to
provide support in the decision-making process by adhering to specifically designed technical
flowcharts. The fundamental performance-related parameters of the PV panels, coupled with
meteorological information, were determined as important elements for assessing the general
performance. The study also identified the main instruments used to make end-of-life (EOL)
decisions. The results reveal that the photovoltaic (PV) system at the UAE solar park completed
its end of life coupled with an 80% PR ratio sooner than anticipated, with 22 years as compared
to the manufacturer's expected 25 years. This leads to the conclusion that installing
photovoltaic (PV) panels in hot climates regions accelerates the degradation of the PV panels.
The study provides a clear understanding of the circumstances that cause PV systems to fail
earlier than expected and consequently introduce more waste to the environment
Implementing Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in Higher Education: A Case Study of Teacher Experiences in Private High Schools in Dubai
No full textThis study explores the implementation of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles in high school education within the context of Dubai. By examining the experiences of high school teachers and student outcomes, the research aims to understand the strategies used, challenges faced, and benefits perceived in applying UDL principles. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative data from a survey with qualitative insights from interviews. The findings indicate that teachers in Dubai are incorporating UDL principles to varying degrees, with a strong emphasis on multiple means of engagement. Despite challenges such as limited resources and insufficient professional development, the implementation of UDL has led to increased student engagement, improved academic performance, and greater inclusivity. The study concludes that UDL has significant potential to enhance educational practices in Dubai's diverse and multicultural context. Recommendations for practice include increasing resource availability, providing ongoing professional development, fostering collaborative planning, ensuring administrative support, and engaging students and the community. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, cross-cultural comparisons, the impact on specific student populations, qualitative methodologies, and the integration of technology in UDL implementation
Optimising Control Engineering Tools Using Digital Twin Capabilities and Other Cyber-physical Metaverse Manufacturing System Components
No full textThe optimisation of control engineering tools based on
digital twin capabilities and other cyber-physical metaverse
manufacturing system (CPMMS) components are crucial for the
successful performance. This study proposes a model for
optimising control engineering tools using digital twin
capabilities and other CPMMS components to solve the open
issues. The main contributions and novelty aspects of the
methodological process are outlined as follows: Formulated and
developed is a decision matrix based on a utility procedure for 10
control engineering tools with digital twin capabilities and other
three CPMMS components (Programmable-Logic-Controller
and Human–Machine-Interface, Internet of Things connectivity
and cybersecurity features). This matrix accounts for the
uncertainty associated with tool assessment and transformation
evaluation issue; formulated and develop an integrating fuzzy
weighted with zero-inconsistency-interval-valued spherical fuzzy
rough sets (IvSFRS–FWZIC) and combined compromise solution
(CoCoSo) methods. The IvSFRS–FWZIC method is utilised to
assign importance degrees to the digital twin capabilities and
other CPMMS components. The applicability and robustness of
the proposed approach are validated and evaluated through
conducting sensitivity, correlation, and comparative analyses.
The proposed approach can assist managers in analysing and
selecting the most suitable tool for developing CPMMS
Barriers to Using Shared Mobility Electric-Scooters in Dubai: The DEMATEL Approach
No full textThis study investigates barriers to the widespread adoption of shared mobility electric scooters (e-scooters) in Dubai. Using the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method, the research identifies key obstacles such as weather conditions, safety concerns, limited availability, and service coverage. Expert opinions validate the findings, emphasising the need to address these barriers to enhance e-scooter acceptance and usage in the city.
Keywords: electronic-scooter, barriers, shared mobility, DEMATE