Oskar Bordeaux
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Étude physico-chimique des tapisseries du XVIIIe siècle. Mise en place d’une méthodologie non invasive adaptée aux tapisseries
No full text[Recommendations for clinical practice: Prevention and management of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection during pregnancy and the perinatal period (extended version)]
No full textUne nouvelle recommandation nationale pour la pratique clinique sur la prévention et la prise en charge de l’infection par le virus varicelle zona (VZV) pendant la grossesse et la période périnatale est parue en 2024, sous l’égide de la Société de Pathologie Infectieuse de Langue Française.La précédente recommandation, publiée en 1998 pendant une période de pénurie en immunoglobulines spécifiques, était devenue en effet obsolète.Il s’agit d’un consensus formalisé d’experts élaboré par un groupe de travail multidisciplinaire (infectiologues, obstétriciens, pédiatres, microbiologistes, sage-femme, hygiénistes), dont le champ est infectiologique.Cette recommandation a été endossée par le Collège National des Gynécologues Obstétriciens Français, par la Société Française de Médecine Périnatale, par la Société Française de Néonatologie, par le collège des Sage-femmes, et par le Groupe Infections et Périnatalité de la Société Française de Microbiologie.L’objectif de cet article est d’expliciter, en les recontextualisant, les éléments de cette mise à jour.The Société de Pathologie Infectieuse de Langue Française released in 2024 a new national recommendation for clinical practice on the prevention and management of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection during pregnancy and the perinatal period.The previous recommendation was issued in 1998, at a time of anti-VZV immunoglobulins shortage; it has hence become obsolete.This recommendation is a formalized expert consensus focusing on infectious diseases management; it is drawn up by a multidisciplinary working group (infectiologists, obstetricians, pediatricians, microbiologists, midwives, hygienists).It has been endorsed by the Collège National des Gynécologues Obstétriciens Français, the Société Française de Médecine Périnatale, the Société Française de Néonatologie, the Collège des Sage-femmes, and the Groupe Infections et Périnatalité of the Société Française de Microbiologie.The aim of this article is to explain and recontextualize the elements of this recommendation
Cognitive remediation in breast cancer survivors: A study protocol
No full textCancer treatment-related cognitive impairment, also known as “Chemobrain,” is frequently reported among cancer survivors. This condition can persist for months after the end of cancer treatment and can affect various aspects of a patients' quality of life. Despite growing evidence, research into effective treatments remains an emerging field. This project aims to assess the effectiveness of a cognitive remediation protocol called Oncogite in reducing cancer treatment-related cognitive impairment. The primary outcomes are self-reported functional and emotional well-being. The secondary outcomes include measures of executive function (working memory, inhibition, shifting), episodic memory, perceived cognitive function and perceived quality of life. One hundred sixty-four breast cancer survivors will be recruited from an existing cohort. Patients will be randomized to either a cognitive remediation group or a no intervention group. Participation in the workshops will be via videoconferencing, led by a neuropsychologist. Patients in the experimental group will also have access to an internet platform with the exercises practiced between the group workshops. The intervention will last four months at a rate of one workshop per week. The following data will be collected: emotional and functional well-being, neurocognitive performance, switching, inhibition, cognitive complaints, episodic memory, fatigue and depression. We will conclude that the intervention is effective if there is 4-month improvement in both emotional and functional well-being to find in the experimental group in their cognitive functioning. This research will contribute to the development of new clinical tools for cancer treatment-related cognitive impairment and facilitate the return to work in cancer survivors
J Psychopharmacol
No full textBACKGROUND: In the context of the need to increase treatment options for substance use disorders, recent research has evaluated the therapeutic potential of psychedelics. However, there is an incomplete understanding of psychedelics' effects on craving, a core symptom of addictive disorders and a predictor of substance use and relapse. AIMS: To determine if the use of psychedelics is associated with changes in craving in humans. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature, using PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scopus databases up to May 2023. We included all studies assessing any substance craving levels after psychedelic use (protocol registration number CRD42021242856). RESULTS: Thirty-eight published articles were included, corresponding to 31 studies and 2639 participants, pertaining either to alcohol, opioid, cocaine, or tobacco use disorders. Twelve of the 31 included studies reported a significant decrease in craving scores following psychedelic use. All but two studies had methodological issues, leading to moderate to high risk of bias scores. CONCLUSIONS: Some psychedelics may show promising anti-craving effects, yet the diversity and high risk of bias of extant studies indicate that these results are to be considered with caution. Further well-controlled and larger-scale trials should be encouraged
From insect endosymbiont to phloem colonizer: comparative genomics unveils the lifestyle transition of phytopathogenic <i>Arsenophonus</i> strains
No full textBacteria infecting the plant phloem represent a growing threat worldwide. While these organisms often resist in vitro culture, they multiply both in plant sieve elements and hemipteran vectors. Such cross-kingdom parasitic lifestyle has emerged in diverse taxa via distinct ecological routes. In the genus Arsenophonus, the phloem pathogens "Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus" (Ap) and "Ca. Phlomobacter fragariae" (Pf ) have evolved from insect endosymbionts, but the genetic mechanisms underlying this transition have not been explored. To fill this gap, we obtained the genomes of both strains from insect host metagenomes. The resulting assemblies are highly similar in size and functional repertoire, rich in viral sequences, and closely resemble the genomes of several facultative endosymbiotic Arsenophonus strains of sap-sucking hemipterans. However, a phylogenomic analysis demonstrated distinct origins, as Ap belongs to the "Triatominarum" clade, whereas Pf represents a distant species. We identified a set of orthologs encoded only by Ap and Pf in the genus, including hydrolytic enzymes likely targeting plant substrates. In particular, both bacteria encode putative plant cell wall-degrading enzymes and cysteine peptidases related to xylellain, a papain-like peptidase from Xylella fastidiosa, for which close homologs are found in diverse Pseudomonadota infecting the plant vasculature. In silico predictions and gene expression analyses further support a role during phloem colonization for several of the shared orthologs. We conclude that the double emergence of phytopatho genicity in Arsenophonus may have been mediated by a few horizontal gene transfer events, involving genes acquired from other Pseudomonadota, including phytopathogens
Avis relatif à "la catégorisation de Euplatypus parallelus"
No full textDans le cadre de la surveillance des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE), un dispositif de piégeage a été déployé par la DGAL en 2021 avec l’appui de l’INRAE et de l’ONF. L’objectif de ce dispositif est d’effectuer une surveillance passive dans les sites d’entrée potentiels (ports, aéroports, marché d’intérêt national (MIN) des organismes réglementés ou émergents (SORE). Ce piégeage est qualifié de « large spectre » car il peut concerner plusieurs filières de production suivies dans le cadre de la SORE (forêts, jardins et espaces verts et infrastructures (JEVI), arboriculture fruitière) en ciblant cependant majoritairement les insectes coléoptères des ligneux. Les principes de la surveillance mise en œuvre s’appuient sur les résultats précédemment acquis dans le cadre du projet PORTRAP, utilisant des pièges génériques multi-composés pour la détection précoce d’insectes exotiques xylophages dans les sites potentiels d’entrée sur le territoire national. Les pièges ont été disposés sur 13 sites (7 ports maritimes, 1 port fluvial, 4 aéroports et 1 marché national) dispersés sur le territoire (France continentale). Au total 9279 individus appartenant à 110 espèces différentes ont été capturés. Aucune espèce d’insecte de quarantaine prioritaire n’a été piégée. En revanche, la présence d’individus appartenant à 8 espèces de coléoptères exotiques, à priori non répandues sur notre territoire, des familles Cerambycidae et Curculionidae (sous-familles des Scolytinae et Platypodinae) a été relevée. Les 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques sont les suivantes :- Cerambycidae : Cordylomera spinicornis (Fabricius, 1775), Trichoferus campestris (Faldermann, 1835), Xylotrechus chinensis (Chevrolat, 1852), Xylotrechus stebbingi Gahan, 1906 ;- Curculionidae : Amasa sp. near truncata, Euplatypus hintzii (Schaufuss, 1897), Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801), Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868Ainsi, il est demandé la réalisation d’une catégorisation des 8 espèces d’insectes exotiques en utilisant les critères de risque listés ci-dessous, afin de déterminer leur nuisibilité et de prioriser sur cette base la réalisation d’analyses de risque portant sur ces insectes
Biometrika
No full textWe introduce a new concept for forecasting future events based on marker information. The model is developed in the nonparametric counting process setting under the assumptions that the marker is of so-called high quality and with a time-homogeneous conditional distribution. Despite the model having nonparametric parts, it is established herein that it attains a parametric rate of uniform consistency and uniform asymptotic normality. In usual nonparametric scenarios, reaching such a fast convergence rate is not possible, so one can say that the proposed approach is super-efficient. These theoretical results are employed in the construction of simultaneous confidence bands directly for the hazard rate. Extensive simulation studies validate and compare the proposed methodology with the joint modelling approach and illustrate its robustness for mild violations of the assumptions. Its use in practice is illustrated in the computation of individual dynamic predictions in the context of primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver. © 2025 Biometrika Trust
Determination of correction factors to quantify different compounds with a standardised method to analyze wine in NMR metabolomic
No full textWine is a high value agri-food product, which makes it a target of fraud. It is thereforenecessary to continue developing tools that allow better traceability of wines to prove ordisprove their authenticity. Several methods already exist, from a simple organoleptic testto more advanced technologies including isotopic techniques or residual radioactivity measurements.However, with counterfeiting becoming increasingly sophisticated, more complexmethodologies are needed for its detection. In this context, metabolomics tools can offer aninnovative approach to study wine authenticity (1).The present work is part of the development and validation of an open metabolomic approachbased on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) to guarantee wine authenticity, usingstandardised, flexible, and accessible protocols. More precisely, this work focuses on calibrationmethods with determination of correction factors by spiking the sample with knownconcentrations for each metabolite. To obtain these correction factors, semi-automatic andfully automated treatments of 1H-NMR spectra are compared. Validation tests were conductedusing other metabolite concentrations, and the results were consistent and promising.The overall results represent a significant advancement towards establishing a standardisedand open methodology for certifying wine authenticity using 1H-NMR metabolomics.(1) Le Mao, I. 1H-NMR Metabolomics for Wine Screening and Analysis. OENO One 2023, 57 (1), 15–31.Projet vin authenticité en RMNDéveloppement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovatio
Penser la citoyenneté des enfants : questionnements et enjeux méthodologiques
No full textEn 1989, l’adoption de la Convention Internationale des Droits de l’Enfant (CIDE) reconnaissait aux enfants le droit d’exprimer leur opinion et de participer aux décisions les concernant, les considérant comme des citoyens à part entière dans tous les contextes de la vie (Percy-Smith, 2015). Pourtant quand on examine le champ d’exercice de leur citoyenneté, les enfants sont encore trop souvent réduits à une posture attentiste par des adultes qui les placent en marge de l’action, en raison notamment des différentes conceptions de la citoyenneté qui peuvent en limiter la compréhension. La participation des enfants au sens large soulève également plusieurs enjeux, et les pratiques restent variables tout comme la place qui leur est offerte. Ces constats transcendent le seul espace social et se retrouvent dans le monde de la recherche. Les chercheurs rencontrent parfois des difficultés à manipuler le concept de citoyenneté quand il est question des enfants, en raison de son caractère polymorphe qui rend son approche complexe. De même, mettre en œuvre des méthodologies respectueuses des enfants et de leurs caractéristiques développementales, et qui soutiennent leur agentivité afin de faire état de leur participation citoyenne, reste un véritable enjeu. Prenant la forme d’une réflexion, cet article croise les perspectives issues de la psychologie du développement et des childhood studies afin de mieux comprendre comment aborder la citoyenneté des enfants sur le plan méthodologique, en considérant qu’ils sont à la fois des citoyens au présent et des citoyens en devenir (Uprichard, 2008)
