Oskar Bordeaux
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Stratégie d’échantillonnage et protocoles d’acquisition des données permettant de caractériser les conditions stationnelles et les communautés végétales, d’acquérir des indicateurs fonctionnels et d’habitat d’espèces pour évaluer l’état de conservation de prairies et pelouses semi-naturelles de huit régions métropolitaines mises en oeuvre dans le cadre du projet SurPas (2018-2021)
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The influence of age categories on performance parameters during on-court testing in wheelchair basketball players
No full textIntroductionWheelchair basketball is a highly dynamic sport that requires optimized propulsion techniques, sprint performance, and fatigue resistance. Understanding the biomechanical differences between age groups is crucial for potential estimation and training optimization. This study aimed to analyze the impact of age on sprint performances by comparing junior and senior wheelchair basketball players, while also identifying factors influencing sprint performances beyond age, such as experience, wheelchair characteristics, and classification.Materials and methodsTwenty-two male wheelchair basketball players were divided into two groups: juniors (21 years or younger) and seniors (22 years and older). Participants completed 6 × 20 m repeated sprint tests, during which various biomechanical parameters including propulsion time, cadence, and asymmetry, were measured using inertial measurement units (IMUs). Fatigue indices were calculated by comparing performance across repeated sprints. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering were applied to identify key performance differentiators among groups.ResultsJunior players exhibited significantly lower linear wheelchair velocities from the first three pushes, as well as throughout their best sprint compared to seniors, resulting in significantly longer sprint times in junior players. Additionally, the fatigue index was higher for the junior group. However, no significant differences were found in the stabilized velocity phase, maximum velocity, or propulsion asymmetry of the best sprint. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed three clusters, with experience and wheel size emerging as additional performance differentiators beyond age.ConclusionThe study confirms that age influences, on average, sprint performances in wheelchair basketball, particularly in the initial acceleration phase, but the wide interindividual variabilities within age groups were also linked to experience and wheelchair characteristics.Optimizing Paralympic performance: from detection to medal-winnin
Droit de la peine. Cumul de peines. Règles applicables en matière de cumul de sanctions en droit du travail (Cass. crim., 20 août 2025, n°25-80.542)
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TROLL 4.0: representing water and carbon fluxes, leaf phenology, and intraspecific trait variation in a mixed-species individual-based forest dynamics model – Part 2: Model evaluation for two Amazonian sites
No full textTROLL 4.0 is an individual-based forest dynamics model that jointly simulates the structure, diversity and functioning of tropical forests, including their water balance, carbon fluxes and leaf phenology, while accounting for intraspecific trait variation for a large number of species. In a companion paper, we describe how the model represents the physiological and demographic processes that control the tree life cycle in a one-metre-resolution spatially-explicit scene and uses plant functional traits measurable in the field to parameterize such processes across species and individuals (Maréchaux et al., submitted companion paper). Here we evaluate the performance of TROLL 4.0 for two Amazonian sites with contrasting soil and climate properties. We assessed the model's ability to represent forest structure and composition using lidar-derived canopy height distributions and forest inventories combined with information on plant functional traits. We also evaluated the model's ability to represent carbon and water fluxes, as well as leaf area variation, at daily and fortnightly resolution over a decade, using detailed information from on-site eddy covariance towers, satellite data and ground-based or air-borne lidar data. We finally compared the responses of carbon and water fluxes to environmental drivers between simulated and observed data. Overall, TROLL 4.0 provided a realistic representation of forests at both sites. The simulated canopy height distribution showed a high correlation coefficient (CC) with observed aerial and satellite data (CC>0.92), while the species and functional composition were well represented (CC>0.75). TROLL 4.0 also realistically simulated the seasonal variability of carbon and water fluxes (CC>0.46) and their responses to environmental drivers, while capturing temporal variations in leaf area (CC>0.76) and its partitioning in leaf age cohorts. However, TROLL 4.0 overestimated annual gross primary productivity at both sites (mean RMSEP=0.94 kgC m-2 yr-1) and evapotranspiration at one site (mean RMSEP=0.75 mm day-1), likely due to an underestimation of the soil water depletion and stomatal control during the dry season. This evaluation highlights the potential of TROLL 4.0 to represent ecosystem fluxes and the structure and diversity of plant communities at a fine resolution, paving the way for model predictions of the effects of climate change, fragmentation and forest management on forest structure and dynamics.MUSETowards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmenta
Rhizochemistry and soil bacterial community are tailored to natural stress gradients
No full textPlants modulate their rhizochemistry, which affects soil bacterial communities and, ultimately, plant performance. Although our understanding of rhizochemistry is growing, knowledge of its responses to abiotic constraints is limited, especially in realistic ecological contexts. Here, we combined predictive metabolomics with soil metagenomics to investigate how rhizochemistry responded to environmental constraints and how it in turn shaped soil bacterial communities across stress gradients in the Atacama Desert. We found that rhizochemical adjustments predicted the environment (i.e. elevation, R2 between 96% and 74%) of two plant species, identifying rhizochemical markers for plant resilience to harsh edaphic conditions. These metabolites (e.g. glutamic and succinic acid, catechins) were consistent across years and could predict the elevation of two independent plant species, suggesting biochemical convergence. Next, convergent patterns in the dynamics of bacterial communities were also observed across the elevation gradient. Finally, rhizosphere predictors were associated with variation in composition and abundance of bacterial species. Biochemical markers and convergences as well as potential roles of associated predictive bacterial families reflected the requirements for plant life under extreme conditions. This included biological processes such as nitrogen and water starvation (e.g. glutamic and organic acids, Bradyrhizobiaceae), metal pollution (e.g. Caulobacteraceae) and plant development and defence (e.g. flavonoids, lipids, Chitinophagaceae). Overall, findings highlighted convergent patterns belowground, which represent exciting insights in the context of evolutionary biology, and may indicate unique metabolic sets also relevant for crop engineering and soil quality diagnostics. Besides, the results emphasise the need to integrate ecology with omics approaches to explore plant-soil interactions and better predict their responses to climate change
Eye (Lond)
No full textPractice patterns for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) have evolved from the landmark registration trials of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. Non-monthly regimens like treat-and-extend (T&E) have become popular due to their effectiveness in clinical practice. T&E regimens attempt to limit the burden of visits and treatments by allowing progressively longer treatment intervals, but in so doing, are potentially associated with the expense of treating quiescent disease. This is acceptable to many patients and their ophthalmologists but can still be problematic in the real-world. Recent studies have further refined the T&E approach by allowing for quicker and longer extension of treatment intervals when less severe disease is detected. With newer drugs offering increased durability, a shift to longer regular intervals may emerge as a new practice pattern for VEGF inhibitor therapy. This review aims to consolidate the current literature on the most effective treatment patterns and update treatment guidelines based on options that are now available. It also summarises new aspects of nAMD management that may help to further refine current practice
Quand le lieu devient personnage, le cas de La Maison des Rocheville (Jacques Otmezguine, 2010, France 2)
No full textConservation biological control in forest: A case study with the pine processionary moth
No full textIn forest ecosystems, the damage caused to trees by insect pests is increasing as a result of global change. Classical biological control has proven effective in managing exotic pests by introducing natural enemies from the pest's native range. For native pests, however, conservation biological control, which aims to improve the habitats and resources for native natural enemies, is more appropriate. While widely studied in agricultural systems, this method has been rarely, if ever, tested in forest. In this study, we aimed to test whether broadleaved hedgerows could improve the control of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) in adjacent pine stands by providing a favorable habitat for an insectivorous bird, the great tit (Parus major). To this end, we assessed PPM infestations on the edges of pine plantations adjacent to broadleaved hedgerows or mature pine plantation, recorded the vocal activity of great tit using sound recorders, and experimentally measured bird predation using dummy caterpillars. The density of processionary caterpillar nests was lower at the edge of pine stands adjacent to hedgerows than at the edge adjacent to mature pine stands. We showed that bird predation was more frequent on pine edges adjacent to hedgerows. Predation by birds was also positively correlated with the vocal activity of the great tit, the main predator of pine processionary caterpillars in winter. In conifer monocultures, broadleaved hedgerows not only help to control the pest but could also promote biodiversity and protect pine plantations from abiotic hazards, thereby enhancing the multifunctionality of plantation landscapes.</div