Oskar Bordeaux
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Evolution of Thermal Plasticity in <i>Hymenoscyphus fraxineus</i> During Ash Dieback Expansion in Europe
No full textThe plasticity of adaptive traits may be critical for population persistence in heterogeneous environments. However, its evolution is rarely investigated in forest pathogens, potentially limiting the accuracy of epidemic risk predictions. Ash dieback is an emblematic example of a forest epidemic caused by an invasive fungal pathogen-Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, which has likely been introduced to Eastern Europe from East Asia. We investigated the plasticity and thermal niche evolution of H. fraxineus during its spread across Europe. We characterized the reaction norms of in vitro mycelial growth and viability of H. fraxineus isolates from five European populations sampled along a latitudinal gradient spanning from Lithuania to Italy. While all populations responded uniformly to temperature decrease, their responses to temperature increase diverged markedly. The growth of H. fraxineus isolates from the northernmost population (Lithuania) was most negatively affected by high temperatures, whereas the southernmost isolates (Italy) showed optimal growth at a higher temperature compared to the other populations. Additionally, the viability of Lithuanian isolates was significantly reduced by higher temperatures compared to that of the other populations. These findings suggest that both growth plasticity and thermal niche have evolved during the pathogen's expansion in Europe, with potentially important implications for predicting and managing future epidemic risks. We further discuss how evolutionary processes may have shaped these phenotypic differences.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</div
Blood
No full textCoagulation factor V (FV) is a key protein in maintaining the hemostatic balance, with abnormal plasma levels associated with both thrombotic and hemorrhagic conditions. We propose a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis integrating large scale proteogenomics and transcriptomic data from original and public datasets. We identify a biological fingerprint of 26 new proteins and loci involved in the regulation of plasma FV levels. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of 10 of these components show strong correlation in liver. In addition, we provide experimental evidence for the involvement of one of the newly identified players (CLEC4M) in the clearance of FV. This work opens new avenues for a better understanding of the physiological processes involved in thrombotic and bleeding disorders
Bringing emotions into post-Northian institutional economics: a reading inspired by John Dewey
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The article examines the contributions of John Dewey’s philosophical thought to an institutionalist conception that integrates the dynamics of emotions to enrich the conception of action and the analysis of the links between institutions and individuals. We first demonstrate the close connections between the enactivist approach underlying the post-Northian cognitive analysis of institutions and John Dewey’s situational approach. We then identify the main features and functions of emotions in the pragmatist’s theory. Subsequently, we outline three levels – emotional rationality, communication, and collective emotions – that illustrate how the incorporation of emotions enriches the study of institutions, drawing on North’s cognitive model. Finally, we illustrate the scope of Dewey’s theory of emotions through a concrete case (the France Télécom case), in which emotions serve as a driving force for actors’ creativity, changes in managerial practices, and a transformation of legal norms.Initiative d'excellence de l'Université de Bordeau
Eur J Hum Genet
No full textDigenic inheritance is characterized by the combined alteration of two different genes leading to a disease. It could explain the etiology of many currently undiagnosed rare diseases. With the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the identification of digenic inheritance patterns has become more technically feasible, yet still poses significant challenges without any gold standard method. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the existing methods developed to detect digenic inheritance in sequencing data and provide a classification in cohort-based and individual-based methods. The latter category of methods appeared the most applicable to rare diseases, especially the ones not needing patient phenotypic description as input. We discuss the availability of the different methods, their output and scalability to inform potential users. Focusing on methods to detect digenic inheritance in the case of very rare or heterogeneous diseases, we propose a benchmark using different real-life scenarios involving known digenic and putative neutral pairs of genes. Among these different methods, DiGePred stood out as the one giving the least number of false positives, ARBOCK as giving the greatest number of true positives, and DIEP as having the best balance between both. By synthesizing the state-of-the-art techniques and providing insights into their practical utility, this benchmark serves as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians in selecting suitable methodologies for detecting digenic inheritance in a wide range of disorders using sequencing data
Les actrices réalisatrices françaises et la comédie : un double contournement des normes
No full textMob DNA
No full textMobile genetic elements drive bacterial evolution by promoting genetic plasticity and adaptation; among them, mycoplasma Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICEs) challenge the notion that mycoplasmas evolved solely through genome reduction. However, they remain poorly characterized, particularly in Mycoplasma hominis, which is a human genital pathogen. In this study, we investigated the circularization, transcription, and protein expression of M. hominis 4788 ICE (ICEHo4788) under the following four environmental conditions: axenic growth, coculture with HeLa cells, mitomycin C exposure, and thermal stress. During axenic growth, ICEHo4788 circularization peaked at 12 h with a 9.4-fold increase in the number of circular forms. Mitomycin C and cold shock induced only a moderate increase in circularization (approximately 3-fold), whereas heat shock significantly reduced the number of circular forms. In coculture with HeLa cells, a strong increase in the number of circular forms was observed at 72 h and 7 days postinfection with 10- and 23-fold increases, respectively. Coculture also led to a 5- to 23-fold increase in transcription at 7 days, whereas axenic growth, mitomycin C exposure, and thermal stress did not differ. Proteomic analysis revealed that MhoH(a), CDS18, CDS17, and CDS11 were significantly overexpressed at 12 h. Neither mitomycin C nor cold shock induced changes in ICE-related proteins, but heat shock upregulated two M. hominis molecular chaperones and ICEHo4788 MhoH(a). In conclusion, environmental conditions modulate M. hominis ICE activity with strong stimulation in the presence of eukaryotic cells. These findings offer new insights into the regulation and environmental responses of M. hominis ICEs
Patent assertion entities in technology markets: practices, recent trends, and policy concerns
No full textThis chapter reviews the literature on the activities of Patent Assertion Entities (PAEs), which have emerged as key players in the market for patents and major drivers of patent assertion. While they have created opportunities to increase inventors’ returns, PAEs have also increased innovators’ exposure to patent enforcement, leading to numerous concerns. We begin by overviewing the reasons underlying PAEs’ emergence. The rising complexity of navigating the patent system and the asymmetries in costs and risks of litigation activity have led to the rise of intermediaries specialized in patent monetization. We proceed by quantifying PAEs’ activities with patent transfer and litigation data. PAEs initiate more than 50% of U.S. patent infringement actions, whereas they account for about 10% of the European cases, and there is little PAE litigation activity outside of the U.S. and Europe. Litigation data also show that PAEs often target the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) area. Patent transfers in ICT reveal more nuanced differences between U.S. and Europe. We then review the literature on PAEs’ impact. Overall, PAE activity is associated with higher costs and lower innovation investments, not only for the PAE targets but also for other firms in the same industries, while there is little evidence of a pass-through of the gains from PAE litigation to inventors. However, the evidence is far from being conclusive. We finally review the differences between types of PAEs and discuss areas for future research
First Report of Peach-Associated Luteovirus (PaLV) Infecting Almond Trees ( Prunus dulcis ) in Spain
No full textThe Thermal Stress History of South Atlantic Reefs Reveals Increasing Intensity, Duration, Frequency, and Likely Undocumented Bleaching Episodes
No full textThe primary consequence of global warming for reefs is coral bleaching, often leading to extensive coral mortality. Although bleaching is well‐documented globally, the thermal stress and bleaching experienced by the unique South Atlantic reefs remain largely unknown due to insufficient monitoring on both spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, this work aimed to reconstruct past thermal stress episodes across South Atlantic reefs, and assessed whether episodes are becoming more intense, longer‐lasting, and more frequent. We retrieved daily 5 km‐resolution Degree Heating Week (DHW) data from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coral Reef Watch server for 33 reef sites spanning the last 40 years. For each thermal stress episode, we assessed the intensity (maximum DHW value), duration (number of continuous days under stress), and frequency (number of days between episodes). Generalized linear models were fitted to intensity, duration, and frequency data to evaluate the influence of latitude and the time x region interaction as predictors. We recorded multiple thermal stress episodes, increasing from 2010 onwards, ranging from 10 episodes between 1985–89 and 75 between 2020–24. Intensity and duration increased over time across the entire South Atlantic. Frequency also increased across the Southwestern Atlantic coast and oceanic islands, but not for Africa. Episodes at higher latitudes were more intense, prolonged, and frequent. The validity of the thermal stress history reconstruction was groundtruthed using information from the Abrolhos Bank, the only consistently monitored reef site in the South Atlantic—DHW data accurately matched the observed bleaching episodes at this site. With this, our dataset shows that multiple bleaching episodes likely occurred in the South Atlantic, but went undocumented in the field. Therefore, the information currently available for the South Atlantic likely underestimates the extent of bleaching occurring in the area, which is experiencing increases in intensity, duration, and frequency of thermal stress
A 71% Relative Bandwidth Differential Integrated Power Amplifier With Optimized PAEmax for 5G-NR FR1 Carrier Aggregation Applications
No full textThis paper proposes a wideband Power Amplifier (PA) integrated in 28nm FD-SOI CMOS technology dedicated to sub-6 GHz 5G with controlled PAEmax based on a variable harmonic load across its operating bandwidth. The PA achieves a gain between 31 and 34 dB, a Psat from 20.5 to 22 dBm in the operating bandwidth from 2.9 to 6.1 GHz. Thanks to the PAE control, a PAEmax between 27 and 35% is achieved along the entire operating bandwidth. Modulated 5G-NR FR1 signal measurements are performed with a Walsh-based DPD using an intra-band carrier aggregation scenario to showcase the PA robustness for contiguous carriers. For the first time to the best author’s knowledge, PAEmax control is demonstrated over a relative bandwidth of 71%