Oskar Bordeaux
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From Accelerometer to Cognition: Hand Motion Can Reflect Effects of Cardiac Coherence on Cognitive Flexibility
Get PDFHand displacements during task-directed movements are not random, but exhibit fractal behavior. Wearable sensing e.g., accelerometer-derived hand movement fluctuations, could add a significant contribution to cognitive and behavioral sciences, by accounting for fractal dynamics. In particular, multifractal testing of fluctuation time series has been shown to reflect the adaptive use of cognition, i.e., cognitive flexibility. This important property might be enhanced by an improved mental state. Here, an experimental group (16 participants, 3 females) practiced 5 min cardiac coherence (CC) prior to a cognitive flexibility task and was compared to a control group (13 participants, 4 females). Accelerometer-derived hand motion was analyzed using multifractal-multiscale detrended fluctuation analysis (MFMS-DFA) during a task involving cognitive flexibility, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). WCST included four phases alternating the use of cards with original shapes or animal pictures developed for children in previous research. Hand behavioral time series derived from the wearable accelerometer effectively exhibited nonlinear multifractality as shown using linearized surrogates testing. Multifractal-multiscale metrics revealed significant effects of pre-task CC practice, specifically during WCST shape condition where CC participants showed lower multifractal degree despite similar performances (perseverative errors). We conclude that multifractal-multiscale testing of accelerometer-derived hand motion could make a significant contribution to interpreting changes in cognitive flexibility
Generation of metabolomic-informed models of metabolism for microbial communities
No full textLa génération de réseaux métaboliques à l'échelle du génome est devenue une analyse de routine pour des organismes individuels ou des communautés. Cependant, ces réseaux métaboliques générés automatiquement sont incomplets car ils sont construits sur la base de la combinaison de l'annotation des gènes et des réactions disponibles dans des bases de données génériques (Metacyc, BIGG, ModelSEED...). Ces bases de données sont orientées vers des organismes bien connus ou des organismes modèles et passent à côté de fonctions importantes du métabolisme secondaire. Nous proposons de combiner l'analyse de données métabolomiques, la modélisation métabolique et l'annotation métabolique et la modélisation métabolique et l'annotation minière pour construire des modèles de haute qualité du métabolisme microbien avec l'objectif à long terme d'une meilleure compréhension des communautés microbiennes. En termes d'application des méthodes aux communautés microbiennes végétales, nous espérons que les modèles nouvellement développés permettront de mieux comprendre le processus de recrutement microbien par la plante : fonctions métaboliques impliquées, micro-organismes associés à ces fonctions.The generation of genome-wide metabolic networks has become a routine analysis for individual organisms or communities communities. However, these automatically generated metabolic networks are incomplete because they are constructed by based on the combination of gene annotation and reactions available in generic available in generic databases (Metacyc, BIGG, ModelSEED...). These are oriented towards well-known organisms or organisms or model organisms and miss out on important functions secondary metabolism. We propose to combine metabolomic data analysis, metabolic modelling and annotation metabolic modelling and annotation mining to build high-quality models of high quality models of microbial metabolism with the long-term aim of better understanding of microbial communities. In terms of application of the methods to plant microbial communities, we hope that the plant microbial communities, we hope that the newly developed models will provide a better understanding of the process of microbial recruitment by the plant: metabolic functions involved, micro-organisms associated with these functions.Computationel models of crop plant microbial biodiversit
What metrics can be used to define the difficulty of a multicriteria decision-making problem?
No full textMutations of SlCCS52A1 or SlCCS52A2 enhance cell division, but reveal distinct roles in plant and fruit development
No full textCell cycle progression is tightly regulated through the control of both the amount and activity of key regulators, CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASEs (CDKs) and CYCLINs. A critical aspect of this regulation involves the targeted degradation of these proteins by the 26S proteasome via ubiquitination mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex known as the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). In plants, APC/C activity is modulated by CCS52 proteins, which act as activators enabling the selective degradation of target proteins.In our study, we identified a third CCS52 homologue in the tomato genome, SlCCS52A2, which shares high amino acid sequence similarity with SlCCS52A1. Building on previous research on SlCCS52A1 and the known partially redundant functions of the two AtCCS52A homologues in Arabidopsis, we performed a comparative phenotypic analysis of knockout lines for both SlCCS52A genes. Our aim was to clarify the role of SlCCS52A2.Our findings indicate that SlCCS52A1 and SlCCS52A2 in tomato retain conserved functions similar to their Arabidopsis counterparts but also exhibit distinct roles. Specifically, SlCCS52A1 is a positive regulator of endoreduplication and inhibits cell division in endoreduplicated cells, whereas SlCCS52A2 appears to play a key role in maintaining meristem function and inhibits cell division in the ovary
A molecular signature predicts hematologic evolution in polycythemia vera patients
No full textGenetic analyses have been included in scoring systems to improve the prognostic stratification of hematologic malignancies. Until now, molecular risk scores have not been included into the practical management of patients with polycythemia vera (PV). In this work, we studied 439 PV patients recruited from 15 French centers and described their mutational landscape using high-throughput sequencing. We detected an additional mutation in 53.3% of patients, 22.7% of them having 2 or more mutations. A Bayesian approach identified preferential associations between mutations. Based on these associations, we identified high molecular risk abnormalities in PV (PV-HMR), consisting in mutations in SRSF2 , IDH1/2 , EZH2 or NFE2 genes, copy number variations (CNV) and carrying 2 or more non-driver mutations. These PV-HMR were associated with decreased overall survival (OS) and/or transformation-free survival (TFS). Notably, ASXL1 mutations were not associated with a pejorative impact on OS or TFS when isolated. Based on these results, we developed a genomic 3-tier classification that efficiently predicted OS and more importantly TFS independently of age, sex, history of thrombosis and leukocyte and platelet counts. This model outperformed the IWG-PV and MIPSS-PV scoring systems in predicting the hematologic evolution of PV patients, which was confirmed in 2 external cohorts
Life-history trade-offs explain local adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana
No full textLocal adaptation has been demonstrated in many organisms, but the traits involved, and the temporal and spatial scales at which selection acts are generally unknown. We carried out a multi-year study of 200 accessions (natural inbred lines) of Swedish Arabidopsis thaliana using local field sites and a combination of common-garden experiments that measured adult survival and fecundity, and selection experiments that measured fitness over the full life cycle. We found evidence of strong and variable selection, with particular genotypes favored more than five-fold in certain years and locations. Fecundity showed evidence of classical local adaptation, with accessions generally performing better close to their home. However, southern accessions usually had the highest fecundity—but were far more sensitive to harsh winters and slug herbivory, which strongly decreased both survival and fecundity. Accessions originally sampled on beaches had low fecundity in all environments, but massively outperformed all other accessions in the selection experiments, presumably due to an advantage during seedling establishment associated with their very large seeds. We conclude that local adaptation in A. thaliana reflects strong temporally and spatially varying selection on multiple traits, generally involving trade-offs and different life-history strategies, making fitness difficult to predict and measure
L'amiable s'entoure-t-il de garanties de bonne justice? Les qualités du processus : Garantir l’éthique et l’équité. Table ronde.
No full textBioelectrochemistry
No full textThe development of implantable glucose sensors is of significant interest in the management of diabetes. This work focuses on developing an implantable, biocompatible nanoporous gold electrode prototype based on Kapton® for the subcutaneous detection of glucose. The electrodes were first modified with a layer containing glucose oxidase and Os(2,2'-bipyridine)Cl·PVI (Os(bpy)Cl PVI). An additional polymeric layer containing poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-glycidyl methacrylate) was then added to reduce biofouling and foreign body reaction effects. The modified electrode had a V of 211 ± 13 μA cm and a K of 6.1 ± 0.8 mM in pseudo physiological conditions, with a linear detection range from 1 to 4 mM and a sensitivity of 28.6 ± 2.1 μA cm mM. In artificial plasma, the response of the sensor was saturated at 3 mM, with a V of 113 ± 10 μA cm and a K of 2.1 ± 0.4 mM with a linear detection range from 1 to 2.5 mM and a sensitivity of 14.6 ± 3.3 μA cm mM. Mechanical stress testing demonstrated that there was a 40 % reduction of the redox polymer coverage after 320 deformation events, however the catalytic activity was still detectable after 160 events. Minimal cytotoxicity effects of the electrodes were observed. When subcutaneously implanted the electrodes showed fairly good mechanical stability after one week and detachment of the metallic layer on some electrodes after 21 days, probably due to electrode bending. A limited foreign body reaction was observed. These results indicated that the electrodes could be implanted for a period of up to 1 week.Mass-transfer independent long-term implantable biosensor
Adherence to home parenteral nutrition in patients with chronic intestinal failure
No full textIntroduction : les patients atteints d'insuffisance intestinale chronique (IIC) ont une mauvaise qualité de vie, la nutrition parentérale à domicile (NPAD) étant associée à de nombreuses contraintes. Peu de données sont disponibles sur l'adhésion à la NPAD, alors que ce traitement a un impact sur la vie quotidienne des patients souffrant d’IIC. But : évaluer l'adhésion à la NPAD dans l’IIC, en se concentrant sur la négociation du traitement par les patients et sur la façon dont ils suivent leur prescription à domicile. Méthodes : des questionnaires ont été remis aux patients, à leur médecin spécialiste et à l'infirmière coordinatrice du centre de NPAD, et des questions supplémentaires sur l'observance du traitement ont été posées aux patients lors d'un entretien téléphonique. Résultats : 24% des patients ont une mauvaise adhésion à la NPAD (9,5% des patients ont négocié leur traitement et 18% ont manqué un nombre important de perfusions à domicile). Les facteurs associés à une mauvaise adhésion sont un faible volume hebdomadaire de NPAD, l'absence d'antécédent d'infection de cathéter veineux central, la présence d'un score élevé d'anxiété et/ou de dépression, un faible score de confiance en leur médecin, la perception d'une forte possibilité de négociation par le patient et la perception d'une mauvaise adhésion à la NPAD par l'infirmière coordinatrice. Conclusion : un patient sur quatre atteint d’IIC a une mauvaise adhésion à la NPAD. Une vigilance particulière semble requise chez les patients recevant un faible volume hebdomadaire de perfusions, exprimant clairement leur volonté de négocier, et montrant des signes de méfiance, d'anxiété et de dépression. La perception des infirmières de coordination semble être un point crucial dans l'identification des patients à risque de mauvaise adhésion à la NPAD.: Background: patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) have a poor quality of life mainly because home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is associated with psychosocial restrictions. Little is known concerning adherence to HPN even though this treatment impacts CIF patients’ daily life. Aim: To assess adherence to HPN in patients with CIF, by focusing on their treatment negotiation and how they follow their prescription at home. Methods: Self-reports were given to patients, to their specialist physician and to the HPN center coordinating nurse, and patients were asked additional questions about treatment adherence in a phone interview. Results: 24% of the patients have a poor adherence to HPN (9.5% of the patients negotiated their treatment and 18% missed a significant number of infusions at home). Factors associated with poor adherence are a low weekly volume of HPN, no history of central venous catheter infection, the presence of high anxiety and/or depression score, a low trust score in their physician, the perception of a strong possibility of negotiation by the patient and the perception of a poor adherence to HPN by the coordinating nurse. Conclusion: One in four patients with CIF has a poor adherence to HPN. Particular vigilance seems required in patients receiving a low weekly volume of infusions, clearly expressing their willingness to negotiate, and showing signs of low trust, anxiety, and depression. Coordinating nurses’ perception seems to be a crucial point in identifying patients at risk of poor adherence to HPN
Nat Rev Dis Primers
No full textPeripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterized by blockage of the arteries that supply the lower extremities, often occurring as a result of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. PAD affects approximately 230 million people worldwide, with a growing prevalence owing to population ageing and concomitant cardiovascular risk factors, including smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Patients with PAD have an increased risk of major cardiovascular and limb events, and substantially poorer walking performance compared with those without PAD. The screening and identification of PAD involves clinical and imaging assessments of disease extent and severity and stratification of individual risk to ensure appropriate management. Patients with PAD should be treated with guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), including antithrombotic, lipid-lowering, glucose-lowering and anti-hypertensive therapies, and exercise therapies that aim to improve function as well as cardiovascular and limb outcomes. For patients with compromised limb viability, such as acute and chronic limb-threatening ischaemia, or severe functional impairment that does not improve with exercise training, lower extremity revascularization is recommended. Given the complexity of PAD management, a multidisciplinary vascular team is required to achieve the best individualized treatment. Further research efforts should focus on reducing ischaemic events and health disparities and on optimizing the implementation of GDMT and exercise therapy, as well as improving the quality of life in patients with PAD