Oskar Bordeaux
Not a member yet
151482 research outputs found
Sort by
J Behav Med
No full textBACKGROUND: Tobacco is an addictive substance associated with numerous serious health effects during pregnancy. Pregnant women who smoke face considerable social disapproval, which could be a barrier to seeking healthcare and ultimately to smoking cessation. This study explored how perceived stigma (i.e., smokers' beliefs about negative judgments of them) and internalized stigma (i.e., internalization of stigmatizing attitudes toward them) may be associated with smoking reduction during pregnancy, reactions to smoking health warnings, and the intention to discuss smoking with health professionals. METHODS: A total of 83 pregnant French women who smoke were recruited from maternity wards and online. Participants filled out self-administered online questionnaires assessing smoking dependance (Cigarette Dependance Scale, CDS-5), perceived and internalized smoking stigma (Pregnant Smoker Stigma Scale - Self Stigma, P3S-SS), depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, EPDS), reactance to smoking health warnings (shortened version of the Reactance to Health Warnings Scale), and intention to discuss smoking with health professionals (dedicated questionnaire). RESULTS: In multiple regression analyses that controlled for depressive symptoms and dependance scores, perceived stigma was associated with more reactance (β = 0.35) and less smoking reduction (β = -0.31), whereas internalized stigma was associated with less reactance (β = - 0.0.28). Finally, reactance was associated with less intention to discuss smoking with healthcare professionals (β = -0.26). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that perceived stigma may influence reactance to health warnings and smoking reduction during pregnancy, while also indicating that reactance could reduce the intention to consult healthcare professionals. Public health stakeholders should consider how to address the stigmatization of people who smoke, particularly pregnant women, in health communication strategies
The Scientific Method: a Practical Guide
Get PDFScientific research has been the driving force behind technological advancements over the past five centuries. Yet, many people perceive the study of scientific methodology and philosophy as overly theoretical, causing them to lose interest in exploring this vital field. This book aims to bridge that gap, presenting science and its methods in a straightforward, accessible format, enriched with relatable, real-life examples. Whether you are a postgraduate student or an early-career researcher, this book is crafted specifically to guide and inspire you on your scientific journe
High-throughput sequence-based microsatellite genotyping for the non-model Neotropical tree species Anadenanthera colubrina (Leguminosae)
No full textBackground and aims -Anadenanthera colubrina is a Neotropical native forest tree species with significant ecological importance in Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests. Developing genetic markers for this species is relevant for conservation, breeding, and evolutionary studies. Previously available genetic markers for A. colubrina consisted of a few microsatellites. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategies allow simple and cost-effective development of new SSR loci from lowcoverage whole genome shotgun sequencing. The main aim was to develop microsatellite markers for sequence-based high-throughput genotyping (SSRseq) in the species and to characterize their information content against traditional capillary electrophoresis-based microsatellite data by estimating the amount of molecularly accessible size homoplasy of each locus. Additionally, the reliability of these markers for population genetic analysis was assessed by genotyping two age classes (reproductively mature trees and seedlings) in a typical location in Argentina. Key results -Sixty primer pairs targeting microsatellites were designed, of which 25 were validated with allelic error rates < 3% and genotype missingness < 20%. A significantly higher number of alleles per locus and heterozygosity was detected for SSRseq considering sequence polymorphisms compared to analysing the same data based on sequence size (length) only. Size homoplasy, calculated as the proportion of mismatches between datasets relative to the number of alleles differing in length, averaged 97.85% over all SSR loci. High levels of population genetic diversity were detected in adults and seedlings from Paranaense forests, exceeding those reported in previous studies of A. colubrina using traditional SSRs. The generated datasets increase the resolution of capillary-based microsatellite genotyping, allowing for more accurate inference of eco-evolutionary processes in non-model tree species.CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazoni
Plant evenness improves forage mineral content in semi-natural grasslands
No full textCompared to intensive grasslands, semi-natural grasslands host species-rich and functionally diversified plant communities, and thus represent habitats of high conservation interest. Less is known about their ability to provide high-quality forage fitting livestock requirements regarding mineral content in particular, and thus contribute to livestock health. We address this question by measuring forage macro- and micro-mineral content across a range of semi-natural grassland types in nine locations in France and compare it to standards required for cattle health. We also developed a multi-criteria method using forage mineral concentrations and their recommended ranges to determine general mineral concentration quality (MinQ) in forage. We investigated if forage mineral content and MinQ was related to plant community composition, soil characteristics, and land-use intensity of semi-natural grassland forages. Good forage quality in terms of mineral content was found, matching the reference values, in the majority of the extensively managed semi-natural grasslands studied. Plant species evenness was positively correlated with MinQ. The forage mineral quality varied depending on the community weighted mean of the specific leaf area (SLACWM) and the leaf dry matter content (LDMCCWM). It increased with increasing SLACWM and decreased with increasing LDMCCWM. The results demonstrate that a good compatibility between plant evenness and forage mineral quality can be obtained in semi-natural grasslands which suggests that the continued management of these habitats can offer agronomic services as well as conservation values
Drug Saf
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Previous meta-epidemiological surveys have found considerable misinterpretation of results of disproportionality analyses. We aim to explore the relationship between the strength of causal statements used in title and abstract conclusions of pharmacovigilance disproportionality analyses and the strength of causal language used in citing studies. METHODS: On March 30, 2022, we selected the 30 disproportionality studies with the highest Altmetric Attention Scores. For each article, we extracted all citing studies using the Dimension database (n = 1434). In parallel, two authors assessed the strength of causal statements in the title and abstract conclusions of source articles and in the paragraph of citing studies. Based on previous studies, the strength of causal language was quantified based on a four-level scale (1-appropriate interpretation; 2-ambiguous interpretation; 3-conditionally causal; 4-unconditionally causal). Discrepancies were solved by discussion until consensus among the team. We assessed the association between the strength of causal statements in source articles and citing studies, separately for the title and abstract conclusions, through multinomial regression models. RESULTS: Overall, 27% (n = 8) of source studies used unconditionally causal statements in their title, 30% (n = 9) in their abstract conclusion, and 17% (n = 5) in both. Only 20% (n = 6) used appropriate statements in their title and in their abstract's conclusions. Among the 622 citing studies analyzed, 285 (45.8%) used unconditionally causal statements when referring to the findings from disproportionality analysis, and only 164 (26.4%) used appropriate language. Multinomial models found that the strength of causal statements in citing studies was positively associated with the strength of causal language used in abstract conclusions of source articles (Likelihood Ratio Test (LogLRT) p < 0.00001) but not in the titles. In particular, among studies citing source articles with appropriate interpretation, 30.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.8-37.6) contained unconditionally causal statements in their abstract conclusions, versus 56.4% (95% CI 48.7-64.2) for studies citing source articles with unconditionally causal statements. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of the studies citing pharmacovigilance disproportionality analyses results used causal claims, particularly when the causal language used in the source article was stronger. There is a need for higher caution when writing, interpreting, and citing disproportionality studies
Geographical Indications and their evolving role in sustainable diets: a comparative analysis with Fairtrade and Presidia Slow Food
No full textThis presentation examines the transformative role of Geographical Indications (GIs) in promoting healthy and sustainable diets, particularly in light of shifting societal expectations. Traditionally focused on safeguarding local production methods and protecting the economic interests of producers, GIs are increasingly recognized as catalysts for innovation and sustainability within the food system (Mancini et al. 2005, Belletti et al. 2016).GIs serve as instruments for establishing quality, authenticity, and cultural heritage in food products, empowering consumers to make informed choices. By fostering a sense of place and community, GIs help redefine the relationship between producers and consumers, addressing the growing demand for transparency and sustainability in food sourcing. This presentation argues that GIs should not be viewed merely as protective labels but as dynamic social innovations that respond to contemporary challenges within food systems in a unique way.This presentation explores how GIs, along with two other food labels, i.e. Fairtrade and the Slow Food Presidia, contribute to collective progress toward healthy and sustainable eating. By relying on differentiation based on newly integrated health and sustainability criteria, these labels enable the formulation of standards tailored to the specific challenges faced in their respective production areas. Each label defines its own ambitions, rules, and adjustments in a pragmatic manner, representing their “promise of difference” (Le Velly, 2017). This evolution reflects the capacity of stakeholders to envision and implement new forms of collective organization, although the outcomes are sometimes controversial.The first part of the presentation analyzes how GIs and the other studied labels have evolved to incorporate health and sustainability criteria, illustrating their potential to influence broader dietary patterns. The second part examines the opportunities and challenges these labels encounter in advancing a sustainable food system while ensuring that local communities reap economic and social benefits.By highlighting the distinct contributions, strengths and limitations of GIs alongside Fairtrade and Presidia, this presentation emphasizes the necessity for food labels to adapt to the demands of a changing world. It posits that GIs, through their deep-rooted connections to local contexts and collaborative governance, can effectively contribute to a more sustainable and equitable food system that meets the diverse needs of both consumers and producers
The use of MEOPA at the French national level in dentistery: statistical analysis
No full textLe MEOPA est un mélange équimolaire de dioxygène-protoxyde d’azote de concentrations fixe (50%-50%). Ayant des propriétés anxiolytique et analgésique, il est utilisé par certains chirurgiens-dentistes pour calmer l’anxiété chez certains profils de patients notamment les enfants, les personnes âgées, les personnes en situation d’handicap. Néanmoins, son usage est très différencié au sein de la profession, et son application souligne également une disparité géographique à l’échelle nationale. En effet ce mélange gazeux présente des risques pour les soignants mais également pour l’environnement de ce fait son usage est très réglementé. Le législateur a mis en place une réglementation stricte afin d’encadrer son usage ainsi que des formations que les chirurgiens-dentistes doivent suivre. Les contraintes techniques, législatifs freinent son utilisation dans le milieu libéral soumis à une logique de rentabilité et de productivité. Par sa pratique différente et particulière, le MEOPA impose aux chirurgiens-dentistes de modifier l’organisation du cabinet dentaire, l’activité ainsi que de la prise en charge du patient. D’autre part, selon différentes études statistiques, les praticiens font face à 70% d’échecs lors de la prise en charge de patients non-coopérants sans MEOPA et 60 à 90% de réussite lorsqu'il est utilisé.The equimolar oxygen-nitrous oxide 50% / 50% mixture (abbreviated as MEOPA) is a gaseous mixture, at fixed concentration. It has the effect of reducing anxiety and analgesia thanks to its active substance of nitrous oxide (N20). It is used by some dentists to calm anxiety in certain patient profiles, notably children, the elderly and the disabled. Despite its reversible effects, its use is highly differentiated within the profession, and its application also highlights a geographical disparity on a national scale. Gas presents risks not only for caregivers, but also for the environment, and its use is therefore highly regulated. Legislators have introduced strict regulations governing its use, as well as training courses for dental surgeons. Technical and legislative constraints hinder its use in the private sector, which is subject to a logic of profitability and productivity. MEOPA's different and specific approach means that dentists must modify the way their practices are organized, as well as the way they treat their patients. Furthermore, according to various statistical studies, practitioners face a 70% failure rate when treating non- cooperative patients without MEOPA, and a 60-90% success rate when using it
Uncovering the past of a historical park in Ukraine using tree rings
No full textThis study presents the first detailed dendrochronological research of old trees in Olexandria park, a historical landscape garden established by the Branicki family in the late 18th century in Ukraine. By analyzing tree-ring data from the oldest trees in the park, we aimed to refine our understanding of its developmental stages and verify long-held historical narratives. Our results reveal that native species, Quercus robur and Pinus sylvestris, are the oldest tree specimens in the park, with the piths dating back to the late 18th century respectively. This suggests that the initial stage (1787–1791) of park development may have begun earlier than previously thought or that existing old-growth forest trees were integrated into the park's design. Additionally, the age of the oldest non-native species indicates they were planted during the third stage of development (1815–1865), with further plantings occurring during the fourth stage (1865–1918). Our study supports the idea that this historical park has been continuously modified and developed throughout its history from the late 18th to early 20th century. Contrary to some long-held narratives, most of the studied trees are not gifts from Catherine II or Grigory Potemkin, nor were they planted by the Romanov family; rather, some are older than previously expected
J Clin Med
Get PDFBackground: Osteoarticular deformities or contractures in institutionalized elderly individuals, described as acquired deforming hypertonia (ADH), have a multifactorial origin. The reported prevalence of ADH in French Caucasian patients in long-term care units (LTCUs) is 25.6%. To date, ADH in the Caribbean population has never been studied. We aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of ADH in such a population. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study of a French Caribbean population in Martinique in which patients aged 75 years or older were institutionalized in LTCUs during the study period. Data extraction from the medical files of eligible LTCU patients was conducted to assess the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and impact of ADH on patients' daily care. The assessments were performed collaboratively between the patients' geriatric team and a PM&R physician. Results: In total, 81 patients were included, with an ADH prevalence of 77.8%. Reported ADH was bilateral (86%) or multiple (66% of patients had ≥5 ADH) and was responsible for major alterations in terms of hygiene, dressing, pain, and skin damage. ADH patients had a high level of dependence (GMP = 924), and this level of dependence was significantly associated with the presence of at least one ADH (p < 0.001) regardless of prior disease. Conclusions: The incidence of ADH in our Caribbean population seems twice as high as that in Caucasian patients, underlining the necessity for this nosological framework to be better recognized, particularly in an insular context. Local campaigns for the prevention and recognition of ADH must be considered, and targeted multidisciplinary protocols need to be established for adapted care in all institutions receiving elderly people