Oskar Bordeaux
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Understanding the Origin of Superficial Bone Changes in Qafzeh 9 Skull (Middle Paleolithic, Southwestern Asia): Contribution of Three‐Dimensional Imaging
No full textObjectives: Deciphering the origins of bone alterations is crucial in paleoanthropology for understanding biological variation and distinguishing between taphonomy, normal anatomy, growth‐related changes, and pathological conditions.Materials and Methods: Qafzeh 9, an early anatomically modern human from Lower Galilee, exhibits three alterations on its frontal bone: a circular lacuna, two parallel grooves, and a flattening near the superior temporal line. Micro‐CT images and 3D reconstructions complement macroscopic observations to determine the etiologies of these features.Results: Our analysis reveals that one of them, the flattening near the superior temporal line, is associated with changes in the diploë.Discussion: Data from four recent modern human samples show that this feature is present in all non‐adult individuals and suggests that the flattening and thinning of the diploë may be related to growth patterns and dental changes. Our results bring new insights for the development of methodologies for age estimation based on frontal bone. This study also enhances our understanding of intra‐site variability at Qafzeh and provides a better understanding of the biological diversity and growth patterns among early anatomically modern humans
Du laboratoire au terrain : la LIBS portable pour la caractérisation géochimique des silex
No full textLe silex a joué un rôle fondamental dans la Préhistoire en tant que matériel privilégié pour la fabri-cation d’outils. Son importance pour les sociétés préhistoriques en fait des objets d’étude essentiels pourcomprendre les dynamiques économiques et sociales de ces groupes humains. Cependant, en raison deleur hétérogénéité à la fois géochimique et structurelle, intra et inter-échantillon, le silex pose des défisanalytiques importants.Dans ce contexte, la Spectrométrie d’émission de Plasma Induit par Laser (LIBS), en particulier dans saversion portable, offre un outil prometteur pour l’analyse rapide, in situ, et virtuellement non-destructivedes silex, offrant un avantage considérable dans l’étude de collections muséales. La LIBS portable per-met, grâce à la multiplication d’analyses ponctuelles sur un même échantillon, de limiter l’impact del‘hétérogénéité du matériau et l’analyse rapide d’un grand nombre d’échantillons ouvre la voie à l’appli-cation d’outils statistiques avancés, notamment des approches d’apprentissage automatique.La LIBS portable est au cœur de la stratégie analytique du projet ERC SPEGEOCHERT, qui vise àcaractériser l’origine de différents traceurs lithiques présents sur les sites du Paléolithique supérieur dansla région des Pyrénées. Ce projet cherche à modéliser la mobilité des groupes humains à la fin du Pléis-tocène en identifiant les sources géologiques des outils retrouvés sur ces sites. L’étude de provenance estmenée dans une approche intégrée, avec une étude pétroarchéologique préliminaire, et des modèles pré-dictifs basés sur les données LIBS avec d’autres méthodes analytiques portables, telles que la fluorescenceX portable et la spectroscopie en réflectance proche et visible infrarouge (VNIR).Cette communication présentera plusieurs études de cas illustrant l’usage de la LIBS portable dans lecadre du projet SPEGEOCHERT, en soulignant son apport à l’étude de la provenance des silex, maiségalement l’utilisation de la LIBS pour l’étude des processus d’altération et de zonation des silex, nouspermettant une meilleure compréhension de ces matériaux complexes.Spectroscopy and Geochemistry of chert. Reconstructing human mobility in the Pyrenees from the first Modern Humans to the last Pleistocene hunter-gatherer
Vers une démocratie plus qu’humaine. Des droits ou des voix pour la nature ?
No full textA partir d’un dialogue croisé, les intervenants présenteront à la fois des expérimentations visant à donner des droits à la nature – avec ou sans personnalité juridique – à travers le projet juridique unique pour le bassin du Ciron en Gironde, ainsi que des expérimentations de micro-parlements des espaces naturels qui visent à donner une voix aux non-humains
Leukemia
Get PDFEssential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV) are rare in adolescent and young adult (AYA). These conditions, similar to those in older patients, are linked with thrombotic complications and the potential progression to secondary myelofibrosis (sMF). This retrospective study of ET and PV patients diagnosed before age 25 evaluated complication rates and impact of cytoreductive drugs on outcomes. Among 348 patients (278 ET, 70 PV) with a median age of 20 years, the of thrombotic events was 1.9 per 100 patient-years. Risk factors for thrombosis included elevated white blood cell count (>11 × 10/L) (HR: 2.7, p = 0.012) and absence of splenomegaly at diagnosis (HR: 5.7, p = 0.026), while cytoreductive drugs did not reduce this risk. The incidence of sMF was 0.7 per 100 patient-years. CALR mutation (HR: 6.0, p < 0.001) and a history of thrombosis (HR: 3.8, p = 0.015) were associated with sMF risk. Interferon as a first-line treatment significantly improved myelofibrosis-free survival compared to other treatments or the absence of cytoreduction (p = 0.046). Although cytoreduction did not affect thrombotic event, early interferon use reduced sMF risk. These findings support interferon use to mitigate sMF risk in AYA ET and PV patients
Sci Rep
No full textIn French Caribbean nursing homes, male represent half of the older adult population. We hypothesized that this distribution could be attributed to a higher prevalence of psychotic disorders among men or to sociocultural factors. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess gender differences in clinical characteristics of older adults residing in these facilities (n = 332). Compared to females, males were younger (78.4 ± 9.6 years versus 84.1 ± 9.8; p < 0.001), more frequently childless (51.9% vs. 36.7%; p = 0.007) and more often single (62.5% vs. 53.4%; p = 0.012). The prevalence of major cognitive impairment (Mini Mental State Examination score ≤ 18) was similar (M/F: 73.6% vs. 76.2%). Delusions (40.8%) and hallucinations (32.5%) were common in both groups; however, males were more likely to receive antipsychotic treatment (42.9% vs. 29%; p = 0.009). Females exhibited a higher prevalence of depression (24.5% vs. 12.9%; p = 0.007) and anxiety (51.2% vs. 38.2%; p = 0.026). Familial isolation and the presence of psychotic disorders may contribute to the skewed sex ratio in nursing homes. Healthcare services should prioritize the management of psychotic disorders when planning future long-term care facilities in the Caribbean. © The Author(s) 2025
Ophthalmol Ther
Get PDFNeovascular age-related macular degeneration is a global public-health concern, associated with a considerable burden to individuals, healthcare systems, and society. The objective of this study was to understand different perspectives on the challenges associated with the clinical management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, which could elucidate measures to comprehensively improve clinical care and outcomes. A survey was carried out of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, their providers, and clinic staff in 77 clinics across 24 countries on six continents, from a diverse range of healthcare systems, settings, and reimbursement models. Surveys comprised a series of single/multiple-response questions completed anonymously. Data gathered included patient personal characteristics, appointment attendance challenges, treatment experiences, and opportunities to improve support. Provider and clinic staff surveys asked similar questions about their perspectives; clinic characteristics were also captured. There were 6425 responses; 4558 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, 659 providers, and 1208 clinic staff. Challenges identified included concern about patient burden to family/friends, high frequency of treatment, difficulties in traveling to appointments, long waiting times, and insufficient comprehension of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Participants identified logistical (improved financial assistance with treatment and out-of-pocket costs, and appointment reminders), operational (addressing clinic set up to reduce waiting times and improving the amount of time providers spend with patients), and educational (improving quality and provision of patient information and expectation-setting) opportunities to improve care. The wealth of data generated by this global survey highlights the breadth of challenges associated with clinical management of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Addressing the opportunities raised could improve patient adherence to treatment and potentially outcomes, reduce appointment burden, and increase clinic capacity
Cardiovasc Diabetol
No full textChronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia (CLTI) represents the most advanced stage of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) and is associated with dire prognosis, characterized by a substantial risk of limb amputation and diminished life expectancy. Despite significant advancements in therapeutic interventions, the underlying mechanisms precipitating the progression of PAD to CLTI remain elusive. Considering diabetes is one of the main risk factors contributing to PAD exacerbation into CLTI, we compared hind limb ischemia recovery in HFD STZ vs. non-HFD STZ mice to identify new mechanisms responsible for the exacerbation of PAD. We used three different mouse models of diabetes and found that blood flow recovery in HFD STZ mice is altered only from day 14 post-surgery. Consistent with this kinetics, we found that angiogenesis and myogenesis which typically occur between day five and day 14 post-surgery are not impaired in mice in which diabetes was induced by a high fat diet and streptozotocin injections (HFD STZ mice). On the contrary, we found that capillary functionality e.i. acquisition of functional intercellular junctions and immune quiescence is impaired in HFD + STZ mice. Notably, 28 days after hind limb ischemia surgery, HFD + STZ mice display significantly increased capillary permeability to IgG and significantly increased levels of ICAM1. This was associated with an increased macrophage infiltration and an impaired myocyte differentiation. Importantly, we used ICAM1-blocking antibodies to demonstrate that increased ICAM1 expression in HFD + STZ mice decreases white blood cell circulation velocity within the microcirculation, which impairs its perfusion. Notably anti-ICAM1 therapy did diminish macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress but not myopathy suggesting that myopathy characterized by small myocytes expressing higher level of MYH2 could be responsible for microangiopathy. ICAM1 expression by the microvasculature impairs ischemic muscle reperfusion in HFD + STZ mice. Importantly, the increase in blood flow between day 14 and day 90 post-HLI surgery is not associated with an increased capillary density but with an improved functionality of capillaries
