Oskar Bordeaux
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Long-term impact of dredging and beach nourishment works on benthic communities
No full textDredging and rainbowing techniques are commonly used to replenish sandy beaches and protect the coast against erosion. Since 2003, such operations have been conducted every other year on Pyla Beach, Arcachon Bay (French Atlantic Coast). The evolution of macrobenthic communities subjected to regular disturbance was analyzed once in springtime at dredging and disposal sites, as well as in a control area, over 21 years. The overall benthic community was dominated by the same few species. The dredged area harbors a benthic community whose characteristics suggest the maintenance of a disturbed status, compared to the control area, whose community follows a trajectory possibly influenced by the general decrease of organic matter in the sediment. Regarding the disposal site, species richness is slowly declining. In both disturbed areas, the community was dominated by species able to recolonize rapidly (polychaetes, peracarid crustaceans), while the control area rather favored bivalves
Bacterial Conjugation in the Ruminant Pathogen Mycoplasma agalactiae is Influenced by Eukaryotic Host Factors
No full textABSTRACT Bacterial conjugation plays a pivotal role in the evolution and adaptation of genome-reduced mycoplasmas. Despite their fast evolution rate, the conjugative properties of these organisms remain largely understudied, particularly in vivo . In the present study, the ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma agalactiae was used as a model organism to document the conjugative properties of mycoplasmas in environments of increasing complexity, from axenic to cell and organotypic culture conditions. Compared to axenic mating conditions, mycoplasma co-cultivation with goat epithelial cells or bovine precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) resulted in enhanced mating frequencies with high rates of M. agalactiae Integrative and Conjugative Element (ICEA) self-dissemination. These results were conditioned by the presence of eukaryotic cells in the culture and influenced by competition between mating partners but were not limited to M. agalactiae , as similar results were observed with Mycoplasma bovis. Mycoplasma conjugation ex vivo was further characterized by analyzing mycoplasma chromosomal transfer (MCT), a newly discovered mechanism of horizontal exchange of chromosomal DNA that generates mosaic genomes. Although closely associated with ICEA transfer, MCT was detected at low rates under cell and organotypic culture conditions suggesting a complex interplay between these two conjugative processes or a poor viability of the MCT progeny. Finally, mating experiments under nutrient-deprived conditions identified nucleotide stress as a potential factor influencing the modulation of mycoplasma conjugation by eukaryotic host cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that horizontal gene transfer in vivo is likely underestimated and provide valuable models to further studying mycoplasma conjugation ex vivo . IMPORTANCE Conjugation is an evolutionary shortcut that bacteria use to exchange genetic information with their neighbors. Despite the fast evolution rate of the genome-reduced mycoplasmas, their conjugative properties remain largely understudied, particularly in vivo . Here we used the ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma agalactiae to study how mycoplasmas conjugate in co-culture with hosts-derived cells and tissues. Interestingly, conjugation was stimulated when mycoplasmas were co-cultured with eukaryotic cells. This was documented by monitoring the self-propagation of a mobile genetic element known as Integrative and Conjugative Element (ICE) and the exchange of chromosomal DNA leading to the formation of mosaic genomes. While ICE transfer was observed at high frequency, only a few mosaic genomes were detected in the presence of eukaryotic cells. Further data point towards nucleotide stress as a possible factor modulating mycoplasma conjugation in cellular environments. These results suggest that mycoplasma-host interactions may stimulate conjugation in vivo .Approche rationnelle d'un vaccin Mycoplasma bovi
Droit de la peine. Mesures de sûreté - FIJAIS (Cass. crim., 23 oct. 2024, n° 23-83.736, F-D : JurisData n° 2024-023389)
No full textEngineering and Value Change
No full textCe volume rassemblent des chapitres issus des meilleurs communications présentée à l'occasion du Forum sur la philosophie, l'ingénierie et la technologie (fPET) qui s'est tenue en avril 2023 à l'Université de technologie de Delft. Les sujets et les domaines couverts dans cet ouvrage comprennent l'éthique appliquée, la méta-éthique, la théorie des valeurs, l'éducation, l'innovation responsable, la philosophie politique et le design sensible aux valeurs. Les contributeurs et contributrices présentent des recherches qui abordent les défis de l'ingénierie dans un monde en mutation. Ce texte s'adresse aux étudiant·es et aux chercheur·es travaillant dans les domaines de l'ingénierie et de la philosophie.This volume consists of chapters derived from the best papers submitted to the 2023 Forum on Philosophy, Engineering, and Technology (fPET) meeting that took place in April 2023 at Delft University of Technology. Topics and fields covered within the volume include applied ethics, meta-ethics, value theory, education, responsible innovation, political philosophy and value-sensitive design. The contributors present research that addresses the challenges of engineering in a changing world. This text is of interest to students and researchers working in the fields of engineering and philosophy
Ophthalmol Ther
Get PDFIn contrast with patients receiving therapy for retinal disease during clinical trials, those treated in routine clinical practice experience various challenges (including administrative, clinic, social, and patient-related factors) that can often result in high patient and clinic burden, and contribute to suboptimal visual outcomes. The objective of this study was to understand the challenges associated with clinical management of diabetic macular edema from the perspectives of patients, healthcare providers, and clinic staff, and identify opportunities to improve eye care for people with diabetes. We conducted a survey of patients with diabetic macular edema, providers, and clinic staff in 78 clinics across 24 countries on six continents, representing a diverse range of individuals, healthcare systems, settings, and reimbursement models. Surveys comprised a series of single- and multiple-response questions completed anonymously. Data gathered included patient personal characteristics, challenges with appointment attendance, treatment experiences, and opportunities to improve support. Provider and clinic staff surveys asked similar questions about their perspectives; and clinic characteristics were also captured. Overall, 5681 surveys were gathered: 3752 from patients with diabetic macular edema, 680 from providers, and 1249 from clinic staff. Too many appointments, too short treatment intervals, difficulties in traveling to the clinic or arranging adequate support to travel, out-of-pocket costs, office/parking fees, and long waiting times were noted by all as contributing to increase the burden on the patient and caregiver. Patients generally desired more in-depth discussions with their provider, which would help with information exchange and better expectation-setting. The wealth of systematic data generated by this global survey highlights the breadth and scale of challenges associated with the clinical management of patients with diabetic macular edema. Addressing the opportunities for improvement raised by patients, providers, and clinic staff could increase patient adherence to treatment, reduce appointment burden, and improve clinic capacity
J Biomed Inform
No full textOBJECTIVE: To illustrate the use of an ontology in evaluating data quality in the medical field, focusing on phenotyping lung cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We crafted an ontology to encapsulate crucial domain knowledge, leveraging it to query the Clinical Data Warehouse (CDW) of Bordeaux University Hospital. Our work aimed at accurately representing domain knowledge and identifying inconsistencies through ontological axioms. Specifically, our aim was to pinpoint lung cancer patients with EGFR or ALK mutations treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We evaluated the ability of this ontology to retrieve and characterize patients in comparison with a traditional SQL queries executed on the CDW. RESULTS: The ontology's results closely aligned with those of the SQL queries. A sub-cohort of 60 lung cancer patients with conflicting information was identified, highlighting inconsistencies in the data. Moreover, the ontology complemented the existing data, uncovering additional information and enriching the dataset. DISCUSSION: This work has highlighted challenges in managing temporal data and handling imperfect data. Addressing these challenges is essential for the effective use of CDW in phenotyping. CONCLUSION: Ontologies improve data quality by identifying inconsistencies, enhancing data completeness, facilitating complex SQL queries, and standardize processes. Developing a framework to manage inconsistent healthcare data, considering its temporal nature, is essential
Aidants : les salariés premiers concernés
No full textEn 2030, un salarié sur quatre sera aidant. Longtemps invisibilisée, la question de l’aidance s’invite aujourd’hui au cœur de l’entreprise
A new model to predict Ajisai satellite reflected sunlight flashes and application to the determination of its rotation parameters.
No full textIn this paper, we propose a model reproducing the sequences of flashes emitted by the Ajisai satellite by reflection of the sunlight on the mirrors all around its surface and received by an observing station. A decisive novelty was added by introducing the curvature of the mirrors, that allows the reconstruction of the observed light curve given the attitude of the satellite. Measurements of the Ajisai’s light flux have been acquired using a high frequency (5/10 kHz) linear-detection optical photometry technique from the MéO telescope at Grasse station on the Plateau de Calern site of Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur. A procedure to extract individual flashes from the observed flux and identify the associated mirror on which the reflection occurred has been developed. The analysis of the observed flashes confirmed the validity of the model and allowed us to reconstruct the attitude of the satellite. The satellite rotation has been expressed as a function of the rotation spin axis, the rotation period and the rotation angle around the axis. A method to determine each parameter directly from single pass observations is proposed to fully constrain the satellite attitude using photometry. A precise knowledge of the attitude of the satellite is essential to enable future interesting developments, among others, improving the precision of the synchronization of distant clocks by means of laser links involving Ajisai
