Oskar Bordeaux
Not a member yet
151482 research outputs found
Sort by
Arabidopsis RNA–binding proteins interact with viral structural proteins and modify turnip yellows virus accumulation
No full textAs obligate intracellular parasites, viruses depend on host proteins and pathways for their multiplication. Among these host factors, specific nuclear proteins are involved in the life cycle of some cytoplasmic replicating RNA viruses, although their role in the viral cycle remains largely unknown. The polerovirus turnip yellows virus (TuYV) encodes a major coat protein (CP) and a 74 kDa protein known as the readthrough (RT) protein. The icosahedral viral capsid is composed of the CP and a minor component RT*, arising from a C-terminal cleavage of the full-length RT. In this study, we identified Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ALY family proteins as interacting partners of TuYV structural proteins using yeast 2-hybrid assays and co-immunoprecipitations in planta. ALY proteins are adaptor proteins of the THO-TREX-1 complex essential to the nuclear export of mature messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Although all 4 ALY proteins colocalized with the CP and the RT protein in the nucleus upon co-expression in agro-infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, only the CP remained nuclear and colocalized with ALY proteins in TuYV-infected cells, suggesting that the CP is an essential partner of ALY proteins. Importantly, TuYV-infected A. thaliana 4xaly knock-out mutants showed a significant increase in viral accumulation, indicating that TuYV infection is affected by an unknown ALY-mediated antiviral defense mechanism or impairs the cellular mRNA export pathway to favor viral RNA translation. This finding underpins the crucial role played by nuclear factors in the life cycle of cytoplasmic RNA viruses
Knowledge production in technological innovation system: A comprehensive evaluation using a multi-criteria framework based on patent data—a case study on hydrogen storage
Get PDFKnowledge production activity is central within a technological innovation system. The number of patent applications is commonly used to evaluate this activity. However, it is subject to bias and inaccurate evaluations can occur. This article proposes a multi-criteria framework based on seven complementary patent indicators, taking into account the persistence, commitment, and coherence of knowledge production activities for a more comprehensive evaluation. We demonstrate the value of our proposal through a case study on hydrogen storage, comparing patent data since 2000 about three technological solutions: physical, chemical and adsorption technologies. Our framework clearly shows that physical hydrogen storage is the most advanced in terms of knowledge production, despite not having the highest number of patent applications
cMFA for multi-omics data integration in microbial community models
No full textMicrobial communities are an essential component of plant health, helping in nutrient acquisition and defense against pathogens. Despite their importance, the mechanisms behind their assembly and regulation remain poorly understood. Advances in sequencing and measuring technologies have enabled the collection of multi-omics data, including population counts on the abundance of microorganisms, metabolomic data on metabolite consumption and production, and metatranscriptomic data on gene activity within these communities. In order to answer the question of how these microorganisms function in the community and interact with one another, our main objective is to develop a mathematical model of dynamic systems capable of integrating these time series of multi-omics data at a community scale. Such a model will help to better decipher the functioning of the microbial community and understand its composition, knowing what each individual consume and produces. To achieve this goal, we introduce the community-scale metabolic flux analysis (cMFA) method. In this poster, we introduced the cMFA method, that we assessed on synthetic data from a dynamic model of increasingly complex microbial communities, built upon metabolic models of microorganisms. The observed growth rates were obtained from the spline smoothing of several replicates of the community dynamics. Synthetic meta-transcriptomic data were produced from metabolic fluxes in the dynamic model. Different regularization terms were tested, including different levels of sparsity, for a cross-validated penalty weight. The cMFA method, implemented in Python with OSQP, a software package dedicated to quadratic programming problems, allows for the recovery of the functioning of microbial individuals from multi-omics data acquired at the community scale during growth experiments.Computationel models of crop plant microbial biodiversit
Structure and determinants of the cost of setting up a farm: The case of young farmers in Central France
Get PDFThe experience of young farmers setting up in business has important implications for the rejuvenation of the age profile of the farming profession. The cost of taking over a farm is a key factor governing access to the profession. We focus here on the cost that young farmers must incur in order to take control of a farm business, and the determinants of this cost at the time of transfer. The contribution of this paper is that we investigate the total cost of setting up a farm, which includes not only the purchase price paid by the farmer on taking over the farm, but also the cost of adapting the farm for their projects and needs; that is, the investment costs in the first 4 years following the set up. Our analysis is based on an original database of administrative records for grants to young farmers in the French region of Puy-de-Dôme during the period 2007–2017. The results show that the average purchase price is around 80,000 Euros, while the investment required during the first 4 years following set-up is an additional cost of almost 200,000 Euros. The total cost of setting up depends on the young farmer's age and education, the size of the farm, its legal status, the main production on the farm, and the levers used to create value, such as short supply chains, on-farm processing, and using a quality label, however, producing using organic practices and setting up in a family context do not influence the cost.Etude de la toxicité des médicaments pris pendant la grossesse : évaluation de modèles statistiques et d'indicateurs de santé périnatal
La relación con el voto de las cohortes nacidas y socializadas en democracia : ¿nuevas culturas de voto?
No full textCette thèse propose d’étudier le rapport au vote en Espagne des cohortes nées et socialisées en démocratie, pour les comparer avec leurs ainés. En effet, la littérature existante n’a pas interrogé les différences de culture électorale qui existeraient entre ces « nouveaux venus », les générations de la Transition et les plus âgées. Trop rarement, il s’est agi d’une analyse par l’âge et non par les cohortes et l’approche longitudinale. Pourtant, la recherche internationale pointe la responsabilité des nouvelles générations dans le déclin de la participation électorale dans les démocraties occidentales (Blais et al., 2004 ; Blais & Rubenson, 2013). L’Espagne fait pourtant exception, car, contrairement à ces dernières, la participation lors des élections de premier-ordre n’y a presque pas décliné. C’est un paradoxe car on aurait pu postuler que ces « générations critiques » (Lorente & García-Albacete, 2019, 2021), moins croyantes et précarisées durant la crise de 2008, auraient dû encore plus s’abstenir que leurs homologues des autres pays. Cette thèse propose de résoudre cette énigme en utilisant des méthodes mixtes. En premier lieu, nous réalisons une étude longitudinale grâce aux enquêtes post-électorales du Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas de 1979 à 2024. Plusieurs aspects des « cultures du vote » des cohortes sont analysés : 1.) les inégalités inter et intragénérationnelles lors des élections générales et de second-ordre (les européennes et les référendums nationaux) depuis 1979. 2.) la perception du vote comme « un devoir civique » de 1980 à 2019, l’acceptabilité de l’abstention (en 1990 et 2005), et les habitudes de vote déclarées de « manière générale », et en fonction du type d’élection. Plusieurs régressions logistiques et des modèles généraux additionnels mixtes sont utilisés pour distinguer les effets d’âge, de période et de cohorte, « nœud gordien » des méthodes APC (Bell, 2020). Puis, pour approfondir les résultats de l’analyse quantitative, nous avons interrogé les représentations du vote de membres des différentes cohortes, à travers une campagne de 46 entretiens semi-directifs. Ces cohortes nées et socialisées en démocratie développent une culture du vote différente de leurs ainés socialisés durant la Transition, le franquisme et la Guerre Civile. Leur participation reste importante lors des élections générales, et est plus forte que les nouvelles générations d’autres démocraties occidentales. La crise de 2008 a abouti à une forte politisation. Cependant, leur vote est plus irrégulier et fluctue en fonction de l'intensité des campagnes électorales. Leur abstention devient plus répandue lors des élections de second-ordre. De plus, les inégalités intragénérationnelles en fonction du niveau d’études et de la classe sociale sont bien plus fortes en leur sein que dans les générations d’avant. Ces résultats s’expliquent aussi par l’individuation de leur rapport au vote, déjà observé dans d’autres pays. Ces cohortes, en particulier ses membres les plus intéressés par la politique et les plus diplômés, s’inscrivent pleinement dans une citoyenneté du vote de « droit » qui s’éloigne de la citoyenneté du « devoir » des cohortes socialisées sous la Transition et le franquisme. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance du rôle des partis politiques et des médias pour mobiliser ces « nouveaux » citoyens dans les urnes, dont les représentations et les attentes envers le vote sont différentes des autres générations.This thesis proposes to study the relationship to voting in Spain of cohorts born and socialised in a democracy, in order to compare them with their elders. The existing literature has not examined the differences of electoral cultures between these ‘newcomers’, the generations of the Transition and the older generations. All too rarely, the analysis has been based on age rather than cohorts and a longitudinal approach. Yet international research points to the responsibility of the younger generations in the decline of electoral participation in Western democracies (Blais et al., 2004; Blais & Rubenson, 2013). Spain is an exception, however, because unlike the other democracies, voter turnout in first-order elections has hardly declined at all. This is paradoxical, since it could have been postulated that these ‘critical generations’ (Lorente & García-Albacete, 2019, 2021), who were less religious and less secure during the Great Recession, should have abstained even more than their counterparts in other countries. This thesis proposes to solve this conundrum using mixed methods. Firstly, we carry out a longitudinal study using post-election surveys conducted by the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas between 1979 and 2024. Several aspects of the cohorts' “voting cultures” are analysed: 1.) inter- and intra-generational inequalities in general and second-order elections (European elections and national referendums) since 1979; 2.) the perception of voting as a “civic duty” from 1980 to 2019, the acceptability of abstention (in 1990 and 2005), and declared voting habits “in general” and according to the type of election. Several logistic regressions and additional general mixed models (GAMMs) are used to distinguish age, period and cohort effects, the ‘Gordian knot’ of APC methods (Bell, 2020). Then, to expand on the results of the quantitative analysis, we questioned the voting perceptions of members of the various cohorts, through a campaign of 46 semi-structured interviews. These cohorts, born and socialised in a democracy, have developed a different voting culture to their elders, who were socialised during the Transition, Francoism and the Civil War. Their turnout remains high at general elections, and is higher than that of new generations in other Western democracies. The Great Recession has led to a high degree of politicisation. However, their voting is more irregular and fluctuates according to the intensity of election campaigns and the type of elections. Their abstention becomes more widespread during second-order elections. What's more, intra-generational inequalities based on educational level and social class are much greater among them than in previous generations. These results can also be explained by the individualisation of their voting behaviour, which has already been observed in other countries. These cohorts, particularly those most interested in politics and with the highest levels of education, are fully committed to a citizenship of ‘right’ voting, which is a far cry from the citizenship of ‘duty’ of the cohorts socialised under the Transition and Franco. These results underline the importance of the role of political parties and the media in mobilising these ‘new’ citizens to vote, whose representations and expectations of voting are different from those of other generations.Esta tesis se propone estudiar la relación con el voto en España de las cohortes nacidas y socializadas en democracia, para compararlas con sus mayores. La literatura existente no ha examinado las diferencias de cultura electoral entre estos «recién llegados», las generaciones de la Transición y las generaciones mayores. En muy pocas ocasiones, el análisis se ha basado en el ciclo vital y no en las cohortes y con un enfoque longitudinal. Sin embargo, las investigaciones internacionales apuntan a la responsabilidad de las nuevas generaciones en el declive de la participación electoral en las democracias occidentales (Blais et al., 2004; Blais y Rubenson, 2013). Sin embargo, España es una excepción porque, a diferencia de las demás democracias, la participación electoral en las elecciones de primer orden apenas ha disminuido. Esto resulta paradójico, ya que podría haberse postulado que estas «generaciones críticas» (Lorente & García-Albacete, 2019, 2021), menos religiosas y precarizadas durante la crisis de 2008, deberían haberse abstenido aún más que sus homólogas de otros países. Esta tesis propone resolver este enigma utilizando métodos mixtos. En primer lugar, llevamos a cabo un estudio longitudinal utilizando encuestas postelectorales realizadas por el Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas entre 1979 y 2024. Se analizan varios aspectos de las «culturas de voto» de las cohortes: 1.) las desigualdades intergeneracionales e intrageneracionales en las elecciones generales y de segundo orden (elecciones europeas y referendos nacionales) desde 1979; 2.) la percepción del voto como un «deber cívico» desde 1980 hasta 2019, la aceptabilidad de la abstención (en 1990 y 2005), y los hábitos de voto declarados «en general» y según el tipo de elección. Se utilizan varias regresiones logísticas y modelos generales mixtos adicionales para distinguir los efectos de edad, periodo y cohorte, el «nudo gordiano» de los métodos APC (Bell, 2020). A continuación, para ahondar los resultados del análisis cuantitativo, interrogamos las percepciones de voto de los miembros de las distintas cohortes, a través de una campaña de 46 entrevistas semiestructuradas. Estas cohortes, que nacieron y se socializaron en democracia, desarrollaron una cultura de voto diferente a la de sus mayores que se socializaron durante la Transición, el franquismo y la Guerra Civil. Su participación sigue siendo alta en las elecciones generales, y es superior a la de las nuevas generaciones en otras democracias occidentales. La crisis de 2008 ha provocado un alto grado de politización entre estas cohortes. Sin embargo, su voto es más irregular y fluctúa en función de la intensidad de las campañas electorales y del tipo de elecciones. Su abstención está cada vez más extendida en las elecciones de segundo orden. Además, las desigualdades intrageneracionales basadas en el nivel educativo y la clase social son mucho mayores entre ellos que en las generaciones anteriores. Estos resultados también pueden explicarse por la individualización de su comportamiento electoral, que ya se ha observado en otros países. Estas cohortes, en particular las más interesadas en la política y con los niveles de educación más elevados, están plenamente comprometidas con una ciudadanía del «derecho» a votar, que dista mucho de la ciudadanía del «deber» de las cohortes socializadas bajo la Transición y el franquismo. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia del papel de los partidos políticos y de los medios de comunicación a la hora de movilizar a votar a estos «nuevos» ciudadanos, cuyas representaciones y expectativas del voto son diferentes de las de otras generaciones
Healthcare (Basel)
No full textBackground/Objectives: Very few studies describe the various feelings experienced in the emergency department (ED). Our study describes the pain, stress, and negative and positive emotions experienced by patients admitted to the ED in relation to age, gender, and reason for ED admission. Methods: Patients admitted to the ED of seven French hospitals were surveyed as part of the randomised multicentre study SOFTER IV (n = 2846). They reported the intensity of their pain on a numerical rating scale of 0 to 10, the intensity of their stress on an equivalent scale, and their emotions on a five-point rating scale using an adapted version of the Geneva Emotion Wheel proposed by Scherer, based on eight core emotions: fear, anger, regret, sadness, relief, interest, joy, and satisfaction. Results: Patients reported an average pain rating of 4.5 (SD = 3.0) and an average stress rating of 3.4 (SD = 3.1). Forty-six percent reported at least one strong negative emotion, and the two most frequently reported were fear and sadness. Forty-seven percent of patients described feeling at least one strong positive emotion, and the two most frequently reported were interest and relief. Pain was significantly higher among female patients under 60 admitted for injury. Stress was significantly higher among female patients under 60 admitted for illness. Emotions of negative valency were significantly higher among women admitted for injury. Emotions of positive valency were significantly higher among men over 60 admitted for illness. Conclusions: Experiences of pain, stress, and emotions have a strong presence in the ED. The reporting of these feelings varies depending on age, gender, and reason for ED admission
RnmrQuant1D
No full textPackage dedicated to quantification from 1D NMR spectra, including peak fitting and calibration using standard spectra.This package was initially developed as part of an ANR project on wine authenticity (ANR-21-CE21-0014). However, it is generic enough to be used on other biological and/or food matrices. This involves the implementation of an analytical protocol allowing quantification from an external standard.Projet vin authenticité en RM
Bordeaux (France) as a Case Study
No full textLa nature en ville abrite une large biodiversité. Tandis que la présence de certaines espèces est bienvenue, d’autres s’y sont installées sans y avoir été invitées. C’est le cas du sanglier. Le défi de gestion posé par la grande faune urbaine est écologique, il est aussi culturel, politique et éthique. Cette étude, motivée par l'incertitude générale concernant les enjeux socio-écologiques de la coexistence avec le sanglier urbain et les solutions à y apporter, explore et analyse les informations qui fondent les politiques de gestion de l'espèce. La démarche s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain conduite dans la Métropole de Bordeaux, visant à suivre le cheminement de l’information dans le réseau des acteurs territoriaux. L’objectif de la démarche est double : i) recueillir et analyser les données existantes relatives au sanglier urbain, aux problèmes générés par la coexistence avec l’espèce en ville et aux dispositifs de gestion en place, et ii) modéliser les flux d’informations entre groupes sociaux confrontés aux enjeux de la coexistence avec le sanglier et/ou impliqués dans sa gestion. Cette étude met en évidence une carence de données, accompagnée d'une confusion générale concernant les organisations responsables du suivi et de la gestion du problème. Tandis que la précision des politiques gestionnaires repose sur la capacité à poser le problème, la donnée est mobilisée comme instrument de pouvoir par des acteurs engagés dans des combats de légitimité sociale. Postulant l’intégration de l’information comme prérequis à des formes de liberté dans les choix de gestion de la faune urbaine, nous proposons et discutons la mise en place d’une plateforme collaborative de dépôts de signalements relatifs à la grande faune, adaptée au contexte socio-écologique urbain.Nature in the city harbours a wide range of biodiversity. While some species are welcomed, others have settled in uninvited. This is the case with wild boar. The challenge of managing large urban wildlife is not only ecological but also cultural, political, and ethical. This study, driven by the general uncertainty surrounding the socio-ecological issues of coexistence with urban wild boar and potential solutions, explores and discusses the nature and flow of information underlying the specie’s management policies. Our approach is based on a field survey conducted in Bordeaux Metropolis, aimed at tracking the shared information between local stakeholders. The objectives are twofold: i) to gather and analyse existing data on urban wild boars, the problems generated by their presence in the city, and the management systems in place; and ii) to model information flows between social groups facing the challenges of coexistence with wild boars and/or involved in their management. The study points to a lack of data, along with a general confusion regarding key organizations responsible for monitoring and managing the issue. While the effectiveness of management policies depends on the ability to frame the problem, data is used as an instrument of power by actors engaged in social legitimacy struggles. Assuming that the integration of information is a prerequisite for freedom in urban wildlife management choices, we propose and discuss the implementation of a collaborative reporting platform, tailored to the urban socio-ecological context.La naturaleza en la ciudad alberga una amplia biodiversidad. Si bien la presencia de algunas especies es bien apreciada, otras se han instalado de manera natural sin un mecanismo de introducción como es el caso del jabalí. Así, la gestión de la fauna urbana de gran tamaño se transforma en un desafío ecológico, cultural, político y ético. Este estudio, motivado por la incertidumbre socioecológica de la coexistencia del jabalí urbano y las soluciones que deben plantearse, explora y analiza información que se constituye como base para políticas en gestión de la especie. El enfoque se sostiene en una encuesta aplicada en el área metropolitana de Burdeos, con el objetivo de adquirir información respecto al flujo de información en la red de actores territoriales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue doble: i) recopilar y analizar los datos existentes relacionados al jabalí urbano, los problemas que genera su coexistencia en la ciudad y los sistemas de gestión establecidos, y ii) modelizar el flujo de información de los grupos sociales que enfrentan los desafíos de la coexistencia con el jabalí y/o están involucrados en su gestión. Este trabajo pone en manifiesto una carencia de datos, acompañada de una confusión general respecto a las organizaciones responsables de monitorear y gestionar la situación. Si bien la precisión de las políticas de gestión se sostiene en la capacidad de plantear el problema, los datos son utilizados como un instrumento de poder por parte de los actores comprometidos en la lucha por la legitimidad social. Finalmente, proponemos y discutimos la creación de una plataforma colaborativa para la presentación de informes relativos a la gran fauna, adaptada al contexto socioecológico urbano, postulando la necesidad de la integración de la información como requisito previo para la elección en las opciones de gestión
Interspecies predictions of growth traits from quantitative transcriptome data acquired during fruit development
No full textLinking genotype and phenotype is a fundamental challenge in biology. In this respect, machine learning is playing a pivotal role in systems biology. As a central phenotypic trait, fruit development and its relative growth rate (RGR) result from interactions between gene regulation, metabolism and environment. In the present study, we carried out a multispecies transcriptomic analysis of nine different fruits. To illustrate fruit transcriptomes, transcripts were first compared using multivariate methods, revealing main similar profiles. They were then used as variables to predict four growth traits, i.e. RGR, developmental progress, fruit weight and protein content, using generalised linear models (GLMs) to decipher the mechanisms involving gene expression in development. The predictions were very satisfactory despite disparities when the model did not include the entire panel of fruit species. Based on orthogroups derived from BLAST and annotated consensus sequences from gene ontology (GO) terminology, variables annotated for metabolic processes, especially those involving cell wall carbohydrates and proteins, were found to be the most effective in predicting growth. In addition, predictions were improved for RGR when introducing a seven-day lag between transcript contents and growth traits, suggesting the necessity of considering the proteins produced to enhance phenotypic trait predictions. These original results showed that growth traits can be predicted very well with GLMs based on orthogroups from multi-species transcriptomes.Modélisation intégrative du fruit pour un système de sélection unifiéDéveloppement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovationCentre français de phénomique végétaleGlobal Omic Data Integration on Animal, Vegetal and Environment Sector
J Adv Nurs
No full textAimsFew studies have explored empowerment as a predictor of mental health outcomes in geriatric healthcare professionals. This research addresses this gap by using the 'effort-reward imbalance' theory of work-related stress to develop a comprehensive model, examining the role of psychological empowerment in the psychological outcomes of nursing home professionals.DesignThis cross-sectional exploratory study used structural equation modelling (SEM) to test a model on the mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between effort-reward ratio and burnout, anxiety and depression.MethodsFrom 2021 to 2023, we used convenience sampling to enrol 280 physicians, nurses and other healthcare workers from 13 nursing homes in France. Self-administered measurements included Psychological Empowerments Scale, Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, Maslach burnout inventory-Human Services Survey and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Of the 280 healthcare professionals included, 245 had complete data.ResultsFindings confirmed direct predictive paths from the effort-reward ratio to burnout, anxiety and depression. The negative direct path between effort-reward ratio and psychological empowerment was significant, as was burnout and depression prediction by psychological empowerment. Anxiety was not explained by psychological empowerment. Mediation effects were confirmed. Model fit indices indicated a good fit, supporting the role of psychological empowerment in reducing the negative impact of effort-reward imbalance on psychological outcomes, except for anxiety.ConclusionPsychological empowerment appears to be a promising way to enhance and protect psychological work-related health of nursing home healthcare professionals.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareUnderstanding the impact of psychological empowerment on healthcare is a first step towards implementing interventions for healthcare professionals to enhance the quality of care and work conditions