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Unveiling the Attitudes of Adults Toward Artificial Intelligence
No full textGünümüz çağında, yapay zekanın ve yapay zeka ile ilgili teknolojilerin toplumsal, endüstriyel ve sosyal yaşam dâhil birçok alanda hızla kabul görmesi ve yaygınlaşması, yetişkinlerin yapay zeka ve teknolojilerine yönelik sergiledikleri tutumlarının anlaşılmasını önemli hâle getirmektedir. Endişe verici derecede hızla bireylerin hayatına entegre olan ve etkileyen yapay zeka ve teknolojilerinin, yetişkinler tarafından başarılı bir şekilde entegrasyonunun sağlanması ve benimsenebilmesi, büyük ölçüde o toplumun bu teknolojilere bakış açısıyla ilgilidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, yetişkinlerin yapay zekaya yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesi ve bunu etkileyebilecek cinsiyet, yaş veya mezuniyet durumu gibi olası faktörlerin ortaya çıkarılmasıdır. Çalışma, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan betimsel tarama modeliyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya toplamda 270 yetişkin birey katılmıştır. Veriler, Google Forms üzerinden katılımcılara ulaştırılmıştır. Araştırmada verilerin toplanmasında, yapay zekaya yönelik tutumların ölçülmesinde tek boyutlu yapısı ile hem pratik hem de geçerli bir ölçüm sağlayan, Grassini (2023) tarafından geliştirilmiş ve Köse, Şimşek, ve Demir (2025) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanmış "Yapay Zekâ Tutum Ölçeği (AIAS-4)" kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları yetişkinlerin genel olarak yapay zekaya yönelik genel tutumlarının olumlu olduğunu göstermiştir. Yetişkinlerin yapay zekaya yönelik tutumlarının cinsiyet değişkenine göre anlamlı bir fark gösterip göstermediğine yönelik yapılan Mann-Whitney U testi sonuçlarına göre, kadın ve erkek katılımcılar arasında yapay zekaya yönelik tutum puanları açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p > 0.05). Yaş ve eğitim kademesi değişkenlerine göre yapılan Kruskal-Wallis analizinde ise test istatistiklerindeki puanlar incelendiğinde benzer şekilde anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p > 0.05). Özetle, yetişkinlerin yapay zekaya yönelik tutumları üzerinde demografik değişkenlerden cinsiyet, yaş ve eğitim düzeyinin, tutumları üzerinde anlamlı bir fark oluşturmadığı, elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde yetişkinlerin ortalama puanları bağlamında yapay zekaya yönelik tutumlarının olumlu ve benzer düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür.ABSTRACT In the contemporary era, the rapid spread of artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-related technologies across numerous domains—including both social and industrial sectors—has made it increasingly important to understand the attitudes that adults hold toward these technologies. The successful integration and adoption of rapidly advancing AI technologies by adults largely depend on how these technologies are perceived by the society in which they are introduced. The purpose of this study is to determine the attitudes of adults toward AI and to identify possible factors that may influence these attitudes. The research was designed using the descriptive survey model, which is one of the quantitative research methods. In total, 270 adults participated in the study. Data were collected from participants through Google Forms. To measure the attitudes of adults toward AI, the study employed the “Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale (AIAS-4),” which was developed by Grassini (2023) and adapted into Turkish by Köse, Şimşek, and Demir (2025). The AIAS-4 is a practical and valid instrument with a single-factor structure that effectively measures attitudes toward AI. Generally, the findings of this study revealed that adults hold positive attitudes toward artificial intelligence. According to the results of the Mann-Whitney U test, which was conducted to examine whether there was a significant difference in AI attitudes about gender, no statistically significant difference was found between male and female participants (p > 0.05). Similarly, the Kruskal-Wallis test results for the variables of age and educational level indicated no statistically significant differences in AI attitude scores (p > 0.05). In summary, the analysis of the findings about this study suggests that demographic factors such as gender, age, and educational level do not create a significant difference in adults' attitudes toward artificial intelligence. When evaluated in terms of mean scores, it was observed that adults generally exhibit positive and similar levels of attitudes toward AI
Exploring the relationship between learning climate in schools and agile leadership using multi-group path analysis: does Willingness to work have a mediating role?
No full textThe learning climate in schools is significantly influenced by relationships among teachers, students, and school administration. Despite its importance, relatively few studies have explored the relationship between learning climate and principal characteristics from teachers' perspectives. This study aims to examine the mediating role of teachers' willingness to work in the relationship between the learning climate in schools and agile leadership. The participants consist of 630 teachers from various educational levels, ranging from preschool to high school. Data were collected using the Agile Leadership Scale, the Learning Climate Scale, and an item assessing teachers' willingness to work. Mediation analysis was employed to examine the impact of teachers' willingness to work on the relationship between agile leadership and the learning climate in schools. The findings revealed that willingness to work serves as a mediator in the relationship between the learning climate in schools and agile leadership. Multi-group path analysis indicated that this mediation effect was significant among male teachers, whereas they were not observed among female teachers. The overall results demonstrate that the learning climate in schools is affected by the agile leadership of the principals, and the willingness to work of teachers partially mediated this relationship. These findings underscore the importance of agile leadership behaviors in fostering a conducive learning climate and suggest that supporting teachers' professional and personal development can further enhance this environment.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK). No funding was received for conducting this study
Comparison of Wear Behavior of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag and WC-CoCr Coating
No full textMetallurgical slags can be re-evaluated depending on their structural properties for reuse in many industrial applications. This study investigated the possibility of reusing these slags as a commercial value. The results of benchmark research comparing the friction and wear behavior of basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) and commercial wear-resistant coating against an Al2O3 counter body under dry conditions are presented in this work. Reciprocating wear tests were carried out on WC-CoCr, and slag coatings were deposited on 316L stainless steel substrates under different loads and sliding speeds. The wear track surfaces were compared using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and a 3D optical profilometer for wear-depth and wear-loss measurements. As a result of the experimental studies carried out, it was observed that BOFS coatings exhibited an appealingly superior wear performance. The study results showed that coatings with BOFS content could be used as an alternative candidate coating material equivalent to the wear-resistant coatings used in commercial and industrial areas in terms of performance.Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Coordinatorship of Bartin University [2013.1.81, 2015-FEN-F-001]We are grateful for the financial support from the Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Coordinatorship of Bartin University with project numbers 2013.1.81 and 2015-FEN-F-001
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and In Silico Characterization of Novel Imidazothiadiazole-Chalcone Hybrids as Multi-Target Enzyme Inhibitors
No full textBackground/Objectives: The need for dual-targeted enzyme inhibitors is critical in addressing complex diseases like Alzheimer's and glaucoma. Imidazothiadiazole and chalcone moieties are known for diverse bioactivities. This study aimed to develop novel imidazothiadiazole-chalcone hybrids as potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and human carbonic anhydrase isoforms (hCAs), specifically hCA I and hCA II. Methods: Four hybrid molecules (8a-8d) were synthesized and structurally confirmed via 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, MS, and elemental analysis techniques. Their enzyme inhibitory activities were assessed using Ellman's and Verpoorte's methods. Molecular docking and 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to examine binding interactions. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties were predicted using the pkCSM platform. Results: All compounds showed strong enzyme inhibition: AChE (Ki: 3.86-11.35 nM), BChE (Ki: 1.01-1.78 nM), hCA I (Ki: 45.13-81.24 nM), and hCA II (Ki: 36.08-52.45 nM). Docking analyses confirmed favorable binding, particularly with active-site residues. MD simulations demonstrated stable interactions throughout 100 ns. Compound 8a exhibited the highest cholinesterase inhibition, while compounds 8d and 8c were the most potent against hCA I and hCA II, respectively. The ADMET results showed high absorption and acceptable safety, with mild mutagenicity or cardiotoxicity concerns in select compounds. Conclusions: These findings suggest that imidazothiadiazole-chalcone hybrids are promising multi-target enzyme inhibitors. Their potent activity, structural stability, and pharmacokinetic potential support their further development for therapeutic use in neurodegenerative and ocular diseases
Development and Validation of the Turkish Spiritual Amnesia Scale (TSAS): Measuring Spiritual Disengagement Among Youth
No full textThe present study introduces the Turkish Spiritual Amnesia Scale (TSAS), a recently developed psychometric instrument intended to assess spiritual disengagement among Turkish youth. The theoretical framework underpinning the TSAS is predicated on the conceptualisation of spiritual amnesia as the progressive weakening of cognitive, emotional, and behavioural ties to spiritual beliefs and practices. This phenomenon is frequently precipitated by modernisation, digitalisation, and individualisation. The scale development process was guided by theoretical foundations such as Pargament's spiritual coping theory and Fowler's faith development theory. The process involved item generation, expert review, pilot testing, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and reliability assessments. A total of 296 emerging adults participated in the EFA and 242 in the CFA. Additionally, criterion validity was assessed using a separate sample of 54 individuals. The findings obtained supported a unidimensional structure that explained 61.17% of the variance, with acceptable model fit indices (CFI = 0.911, RMSEA = 0.08). The TSAS demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.964) and robust test-retest reliability (r = 0.84, p < 0.001). The criterion validity of the scale was confirmed through a positive correlation with the Spiritual Contradiction Scale (r = 0.448, p < 0.001). The TSAS is a culturally grounded, theoretically sound, and psychometrically reliable instrument for the assessment of spiritual disengagement. Its application in psychological, spiritual, and sociocultural research has the potential to contribute to understanding contemporary forms of spiritual detachment in secularising contexts. Furthermore, the scale offers practical value for professionals working in youth counselling, spiritual assessment, and mental health services.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK); Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma KurumuOpen access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK). Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu
MENOPOZ DÖNEMİNDEKİ KADINLARA WHATSAPP ÜZERİNDEN VERİLEN MENOPOZ SEMPTOMLARINA ÖZGÜ EĞİTİMİN YAŞAM KALİTESİNE VE GENİTAL KENDİLİK İMAJINA ETKİSİ
No full text1919B012218411The aim of the study is to determine the effects of online menopause symptom-specific training given to women in menopause on quality of life and genital self-image. The sample size was calculated as 64 participants for each group according to the power analysis conducted in the G*Power3.1 Program with an effect size (0.418), 95% power and 0.05 type 1 error, and the study was completed with 158 women. Data were collected with the Introductory Information Form, Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Scale (MSQLS) and Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS). While the pre-test and post-test measurements of the vasomotor domain sub-dimension of the MSQLS of women showed a significant difference according to the groups (p.005). As a result of the study, it was determined that there were improvements in the vasomotor domain of women's menopause-specific quality of life, but there were no improvements in other areas and genital self-image. It may be recommended to examine the effectiveness of educational interventions provided with different techniques to increase menopause-specific quality of life and female genital self-image.Araştırmanın amacı, menopoz dönemindeki kadınlara çevrim içi verilen menopoz semptomlarına özgü eğitimin yaşam kalitesi ve genital kendilik imajına etkisini belirlemektir. Ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel tasarıma sahip araştırmanın örneklemi G*Power 3.1 Programında yapılan güç analizine göre etki büyüklüğü (0.418), %95 güç ve 0.05 tip 1 hata ile her grup için 64 katılımcı olarak hesaplanmış ve araştırma 158 kadın ile tamamlanmıştır. Veriler, Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Menopoza Özgü Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (MÖYKÖ) ve Kadın Genital Kendilik İmajı Ölçeği (KGKİÖ) ile toplanmıştır. Kadınların MÖYKÖ’nin vazomotor alan alt boyutu ön test ve son test ölçümü gruplara göre anlamlı farklılık gösterirken (p.005). Araştırmanın sonucunda, kadınların menopoza özgü yaşam kalitelerinin vazomotor alanında iyileşmelerin olduğu, diğer alanlarda ve genital kendilik imajında iyileşme olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Menopoza özgü yaşam kalitesinin ve kadın genital kendilik imajının arttırılması için farklı tekniklerle verilen eğitim müdahalelerinin etkinliğinin incelenmesi önerilebilir.Bu araştırma 2209/A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı 2022 yılı 2. Dönem çağrısında TÜBİTAK tarafından 1919B012218411 proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir
Complete dehydrogenation and electrooxidation of hydrazine borane on high-performance ZIF-8@ZIF-67 composite-supported RhCu catalysts
No full textHerein, ZIF-8, ZIF-67, and ZIF-8@ZIF-67 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and immobilization of metals (Rh and Cu) on MOFs are prepared for complete dehydrogenation and electrooxidation of hydrazine borane (HB). Metals are synthesized by the impregnation-reduction method onto the MOF surface. Physical characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption-desorption, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and elemental mapping are used to investigate the structural and morphological properties of the catalysts. Rh90Cu10/ZIF8@ZIF-67 catalyst (5253 mL H2-N2/min.g) has a higher H2 generation rate (HGR) than other synthesized catalysts for complete dehydrogenation of HB. Moreover, this catalyst provides a high catalytic performance with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 2654.85 h-1 at 328 K and 100 % H2 selectivity, despite including 4 % metal. Their electrocatalytic activities are also investigated, as well as the catalytic performances of the catalysts. The catalytic activities, resistances, and stabilities of the catalysts are measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronoamperometry (CA), respectively. Rh90Cu10/ZIF-8@ZIF-67 catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity with a specific activity of 14.70 mA/cm2. These results show that the Rh90Cu10/ZIF-8@ZIF-67 catalyst is a promising material to be used both as a hydrogen carrier and as an anode catalyst in HB fuel cell applications.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) through the TUBITAK project [124Z454]The authors would like to thank the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for the financial support through the TUBITAK project (Project no: 124Z454)
19. Yüzyıla Ait Bir İncil'de Bulunan “Din ve İnanç ” İfade Eden Eş Dizimler
No full textWords and the phrase structures formed by their combination are essential components of a language's vocabulary. When a language is examined, various phrase patterns created by word combinations can be identified. Among these are proverbs, idioms, compound words, and collocations. Collocations, in particular, stand out as key structures. They lie between free combinations and idioms: at least one component has a specific meaning, they allow limited variation, and their overall meaning can be partially derived from the meanings of the components. Although collocational elements may have different meanings individually, they gain distinct meanings when used together and function like a single word. As meaningful word combinations, collocations contribute significantly to the richness of a language. However, this richness can become a challenge for individuals learning a language later in life. Collocational awareness is therefore crucial for language acquisition, teaching, effective use, and, as emphasized in this article, for understanding historical texts. This study first presents general information about the concept of collocation and includes widely accepted definitions in the literature. Collocations are analyzed in detail in terms of theoretical approaches and structural features. Then, collocations related to religion and belief found in a nineteenth-century Bible text are identified, the meanings they contribute to the text are explained, and their formation patterns are listed.Dil içerisinde yer alan sözcükler ve bu sözcüklerin bir araya gelerek oluşturduğu öbek yapılar, söz varlığının önemli bileşenleridir. Bir dil incelendiğinde, sözcüklerin bir araya gelerek çeşitli öbekler oluşturduğu farklı yapı türlerine rastlanmaktadır. Bu yapılar arasında atasözleri, deyimler, birleşik sözcükler ve eş dizimler yer alır. Bu yapılardan özellikle bileşenlerinden en az birinin özel bir anlam taşıdığı, değişime sınırlı düzeyde açık olan ve bileşenlerin anlamından hareketle bütüne ulaşılabilen; serbest birliktelikler ile deyimler arasında bir yerde konumlanan eş dizimler, dilin anahtar yapıları olarak öne çıkar. Eş dizim unsurları ayrı ayrı değerlendirildiğinde farklı anlamlarda kullanılmalarına karşın bir arada çok farklı anlam kazanırlar ve tek bir sözcük gibi davranırlar. Dilin önemli unsurları olan ve kelime birliktelikleriyle oluşan eş dizimler dilin anlam zenginliğini geliştirmesi açısından oldukça değerlidir. Diğer bir açıdan ise bir dili sonradan öğrenme çabasına giren birey için bu anlam zenginliği, içinden çıkılması zor bir hâl almaktadır. Eş dizim farkındalığı dilin öğrenimi, öğretimi, etkin kullanımı ve bu makale kapsamında ele alınan tarihî metinlerin anlaşılması açısından da büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle eş dizim kavramına ilişkin genel bilgiler sunulmuş ve alan yazında kabul gören eş dizim tanımlarına yer verilmiştir. Eş dizimler, teorik yaklaşımlar ve yapısal özellikler açısından detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Daha sonra 19. yüzyıla ait bir İncil metninde yer alan din ve inanç temalı eş dizimler tespit edilmiş; bu eş dizimlerin metne kattığı anlam belirtilmiş ve eş dizimler oluşum biçimleriyle birlikte sıralanmıştır
Waste glass as a substitution for binder and sand in concrete: mechanical and physical properties
No full textReplacing cement with glass powder (GP) and natural sand with glass sand (GS) in concrete could provide a compelling pathway to a sustainable construction to reduce environmental impacts of both concrete and waste glass. An experimental investigation on concrete, where cement is substituted by GP, fly ash (FA), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and natural sand is substituted by GS, is presented. 17 mixes were considered, and workability, density, elastic modulus, compressive strength, and water absorption were evaluated. Results indicate that the GP particle size significantly affects the concrete properties. Increasing the GP particle size decreases the concrete compressive strength and elastic modulus. The replacement of cement with GGBS at a 55% level has a positive effect on the mechanical characteristics of GP concrete, with an average enhancement of 11% in the compressive strength and 4% improvement in the elastic modulus at 28 days. Replacing sand by the GS at up to 25% develops comparable mechanical properties to those of conventional concrete, with only a 3% and 2% reduction in 28-day compressive strength and elastic modulus, respectively. 50% GS and 35% GGBS develops similar mechanical properties in the waste-based concrete in comparison to the conventional concrete. Incorporating 55% GGBS or 15% FA/40% GGBS reduces concrete water absorption when compared to that of cement-based concrete.CAULOpen Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institution
5-Repurposed Drug Candidates Identified in Motor Neurons and Muscle Tissues with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Network Biology and Machine Learning Based on Gene Expression
No full textAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to motor neuron degeneration, muscle weakness, and respiratory failure. Despite ongoing research, effective treatments for ALS are limited. This study aimed to apply network biology and machine learning (ML) techniques to identify novel repurposed drug candidates for ALS. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis using 4 transcriptome data in ALS patients (including motor neuron and muscle tissue) and healthy controls. Through this analysis, we uncovered common shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) separately for motor neurons and muscle tissue. Using common DEGs as proxies, we identified two distinct clusters of highly clustered differential co-expressed cluster genes: the 'Muscle Tissue Cluster' for muscle tissue and the 'Motor Neuron Cluster' for motor neurons. We then evaluated the performance of the nodes of these two modules to distinguish between diseased and healthy states with ML algorithms: KNN, SVM, and Random Forest. Furthermore, we performed drug repurposing analysis and text-mining analyses, employing the nodes of clusters as drug targets to identify novel drug candidates for ALS. The potential impact of the drug candidates on the expression of cluster genes was predicted using linear regression, SVR, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and neural network algorithms. As a result, we identified five novel drug candidates for the treatment of ALS: Nilotinib, Trovafloxacin, Apratoxin A, Carboplatin, and Clinafloxacin. These findings highlight the potential of drug repurposing in ALS treatment and suggest that further validation through experimental studies could lead to new therapeutic avenues.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK). This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors