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Mothers' experiences of toilet training children with intellectual disabilities: a qualitative study
No full textThis exploratory and qualitative study aimed to investigate the experiences of parents of children with intellectual disabilities during toilet training. Between 8 December 2023 and 1 February 2024, 20 mothers were interviewed face-to-face in special education and rehabilitation centres in Zonguldak, T & uuml;rkiye. The interviews were thematically analysed, revealing four main themes: (1) Techniques used in toilet training, (2) Problems in toilet training, (3) Negative mood symptoms, and (4) Requirements. Mothers faced many problems in toilet training of their children with intellectual disabilities. They realised that they had to be patient and consistent in this process. They were trying different methods to teach this habit to children. However, the mothers also had the feeling inadequacy. They thought their children could acquire toilet habits more quickly when they were patient, knew how to teach correctly and effectively, and were supported. Indeed, with support applications made or to be made to families, it can be ensured that children can overcome the toilet training process more comfortably and with behaviour acquisition
Development and Evaluation of a Group-Based Healthy and Respectful Relationship Program for Male Perpetrators of Domestic Violence in Türkiye
No full textDomestic violence perpetrator programs should develop a multifaceted approach and implement rigorous evaluations. This study examined the effectiveness of a 10-week healthy relationships program for male perpetrators in T & uuml;rkiye with recent family restraining orders. The program integrated motivational strategies, cognitive-behavioral therapy, feminist therapy, positive psychology, and the stages of change model. The study utilized a qualitative research design, including semi-structured interviews. A total of 18 men were allocated to three intervention groups (N = 18; Group 1: 6, Group 2: 5, Group 3: 7). Thematic analysis revealed that, despite initial concerns, the men gradually developed trust and acquired new skills through the eclectic approach. However, challenges related to sustaining long-term behavioral change were identified. The results imply that perpetrators have the potential to enhance their communication and anger management abilities, although they may encounter difficulties in fully acknowledging their role in perpetrating violence.Trkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arascedil;timath;rma Kurumu (TBIdot;TAK); Violence Prevention and Monitoring Center (VPMC)Many thanks to the participants who attended the interviews. Special thanks to the support of the Violence Prevention and Monitoring Center (VPMC), part of the Provincial Directorate of Family and Social Services in Bart & imath;n. We thank Devrim Torgul, Asl & imath;han Demir and Emine Eker for their help for transcriptions
Synthesis, human carbonic anhydrase I and II inhibition, and in silico studies of 2-ethoxy-6-formylphenyl [1,1?-biphenyl]-4-sulfonate derived thiosemicarbazones
No full textThis study describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-ethoxy-6-formylphenyl [1,1 '-biphenyl]-4-sulfonate-based thiosemicarbazones 5(a-s) as potential inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase isoforms hCA I and hCA II. Among the synthesized compounds, 5 k exhibited potent inhibition, with IC50 values of 89.25 nM and 54.50 nM for hCA I and hCA II, respectively, surpassing that of acetazolamide as the standard inhibitor. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis indicates that the presence of electron withdrawing groups, especially the fluoro substituent, contributed to the enhanced inhibitory activity. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations demonstrated the strong binding capability of compound 5 k and showed its stability throughout the simulation period. Overall, these findings highlight 2-ethoxy-6-formylphenyl [1,1 '-biphenyl]-4sulfonate-based thiosemicarbazones, with 5 k notably, as promising candidates for the development of therapeutic agents targeting hCA I and hCA II.King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [ORF-2025-1100]; Alexander von Humboldt FoundationThis work was funded by the Ongoing Research Funding program (ORF-2025-1100), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Z.S. is grateful to the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for the award of Return Fellowship
Effects of metakaolin and waste tire aggregate on the properties of pumice-based lightweight geopolymer
No full textThe lightweight geopolymers (LWGPs) were prepared using fly ash (FA) and pumice aggregates, and their sustainability was enhanced by recycling waste tire aggregates (WTAs). The results show that substituting pumice aggregate with WTA reduces the density of LWGP and improves its fluidity. However, this substitution is detrimental to the development of the strengths and durability of LWGP, but it is beneficial to the improvement of thermal insulation performance. The further use of metakaolin to replace FA enhances the performance of WTA-based geopolymer, especially improving its mechanical properties and durability. When 10% of FA is replaced by metakaolin, the compressive strength of LWGP increases by 5.5%-40.4%, and the residual strength after sulfate attack, freeze-thaw cycle and high temperature treatment is significantly improved. Using a small amount of metakaolin effectively mitigates the negative impact of WTA on the performance of LWGP. Utilizing WTA effectively reduces the total cost and carbon emission of LWGP production. Compared to plain LWGP, the mixtures with 15%-45% WTA exhibit a relative reduction in cost and carbon emission by 4.5%-13.4% and 1.3%-4.0%, respectively. Although the inclusion of metakaolin escalates both the cost and carbon emissions, its incorporation significantly enhances the overall performance of LWGP
Evaluation of the Mechanical and Physical Behaviors of Flax Fiber-Reinforced Polybutylene Succinate Biodegradable Composites in Packaging Applications
No full textApplying surface modification routes to natural fibers is a practical option for solving the incompatibility problem in polymeric composites. This study aimed to improve the properties of biodegradable and environmentally friendly polybutylene succinate (PBS) composites involving flax fiber (FF) with unmodified, alkalization, and silanization surface modification applied at 20 wt%. The surface modifications were successfully characterized by FTIR and SEM. The composites were prepared using a twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. The mechanical, thermal, thermo-mechanical, wear, water absorption, biodegradation, and morphological properties were evaluated. The incorporation of FF improved the mechanical and thermal performance of PBS, while the surface modifications further increased the fiber-matrix adhesion. In particular, the silanized FF provided water resistance due to the hydrophobic nature of siloxane and exhibited the lowest biodegradation rate under fungal exposure. In the case of silanized FF, a 5.4% improvement in tensile strength and nearly 3% of water absorption capacity were reached. Based on these outcomes, the silanized FF-filled PBS composite was suitable for packaging applications where biodegradable, water-resistant, and mechanically strong materials are required.Karabuk University Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Coordination Office [KBUEBAP- 21- YL- 002]This study was supported by Karabuk University Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Coordination Office with the project numbered KBUEBAP- 21- YL- 00
Investigation of different types of neutrosophic sequencespaces
No full textBu tez çalışması, matematiksel analizde önemli bir alan olan nötrosofik bulanık metrik uzay kavramının genişletilmesi ve derinlemesine incelenmesi üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Nötrosofik metrik uzaylar, geleneksel metrik uzay kavramlarının belirsizlik ve belirsizliklerle başa çıkma yeteneklerini artıran önemli bir matematiksel yapıdır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın temel hedeflerinden biri, nötrosofik genelleştirilmiş bulanık metrik uzay kavramını tanımlamak ve bu kavramın matematiksel özelliklerini ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelemektir. Bu adım, literatürde ki mevcut tanımlamaları ele alarak kavramın daha geniş bir çerçevede anlaşılmasını sağlayacak ve nötrosofik metrik uzayların teorik temelini güçlendirecektir. Çalışmanın bir diğer önemli amacı, nötrosofik bulanık G-metrik uzay kavramını geliştirmek ve bu kavramın örneklerle açıklanmasını sağlamaktır. Nötrosofik bulanık G-metrik uzaylar, belirsizliklerin ve belirsizliklerin matematiksel analizini daha iyi yapmamıza olanak tanıyan önemli bir yapıdır. Bu çalışma, nötrosofik bulanık G-metrik uzayların pratik uygulamalarını daha iyi anlamamıza yardımcı olacak ve bu alandaki araştırmalara yeni bir bakış açısı getirecektir. Üçüncü olarak, bu tez, yeni uzaydaki dizilerin istatistiksel özelliklerinin araştırılmasını ve istatistiksel yakınsama, istatistiksel limit ve yığılma noktaları gibi temel kavramların açıklanmasını hedeflemektedir. Nötrosofik metrik uzaylar, istatistiksel analiz için yeni bir çerçeve sunarak bu alandaki araştırmaları zenginleştirebilir. Bu adım, nötrosofik metrik uzayların istatistiksel özelliklerini daha iyi anlamamıza ve analiz etmemize olanak sağlayacaktır. Son olarak, çalışmanın hedefleri arasında ilgili teoremlerin belirlenmesi ve bu teoremleri destekleyen uygun örneklerin sunulması bulunmaktadır. Bu adım, tezin kuramsal temelini oluşturacak ve nötrosofik metrik uzaylarla ilgili yapılan matematiksel çıkarımların güvenilirliğini sağlayacaktır. Bu hedefler doğrultusunda, çalışma, nötrosofik bulanık metrik uzay kavramının genelleştirilmesi ve istatistiksel özelliklerinin incelenmesiyle ilgili detaylı bir analiz sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.This thesis focuses on the extension and thorough examination of the concept of neutrosophic fuzzy metric spaces, which is an important area in mathematical analysis. Neutrosophic metric spaces constitute a significant mathematical structure that enhances the ability to deal with uncertainties and ambiguities inherent in traditional metric space concepts. In this context, one of the main objectives of the study is to define and extensively investigate the concept of neutrosophic generalized fuzzy metric spaces. This step will facilitate a broader understanding of the concept by addressing existing definitions in the literature and strengthen the theoretical foundation of neutrosophic metric spaces This thesis focuses on the extension and thorough examination of the concept of neutrosophic fuzzy metric spaces, which is an important area in mathematical analysis. Neutrosophic metric spaces constitute a significant mathematical structure that enhances the ability to deal with uncertainties and ambiguities inherent in traditional metric space concepts. In this context, one of the main objectives of the study is to define and extensively investigate the concept of neutrosophic generalized fuzzy metric spaces. This step will facilitate a broader understanding of the concept by addressing existing definitions in the literature and strengthen the theoretical foundation of neutrosophic metric spaces. Another important aim of the study is to develop the concept of neutrosophic fuzzy G-metric spaces and elucidate this concept with examples. Neutrosophic fuzzy G-metric spaces represent a crucial structure that enables better mathematical analysis of uncertainties and ambiguities. This research will contribute to a deeper understanding of practical applications of neutrosophic fuzzy G-metric spaces and offer a novel perspective to research in this field. Furthermore, this thesis aims to explore the statistical properties of sequences in the new space and explain fundamental concepts such as statistical convergence, statistical limits, and accumulation points. Neutrosophic metric spaces offer a new framework for statistical analysis, enriching research in this area. This step will facilitate a better understanding and analysis of the statistical properties of neutrosophic metric spaces. Lastly, the study aims to identify relevant theorems and provide appropriate examples to support these theorems. This endeavor will establish the theoretical foundation of the thesis and ensure the reliability of mathematical deductions related to neutrosophic metric spaces. In line with these objectives, the study aims to present a detailed analysis of the generalization of neutrosophic fuzzy metric spaces and the examination of their statistical properties
Efficient computation of homology groups, betti numbers, and euler characteristics for 2D digital images
No full textDigital topology, crucial for image analysis, tackles identifying connected components and holes in digital images using homology groups (Betti numbers). These invariants are essential in machine learning and biomedical image analysis, requiring accurate and efficient computation. This study introduces a novel algorithm for computing homology groups and Euler characteristics of 2D digital images. Using digital simplicial complexes and 8-adjacency, the method achieves computational efficiency, with a time complexity of O(k2.1)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document}, surpassing traditional persistent homology methods (O(n3)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document}). A significant contribution is the proof that higher-dimensional homology groups (Hn8(X)=0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document} for n >= 2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document}) vanish in 2D digital images, ensuring consistency with classical topology. Extensive evaluations confirmed the algorithm's scalability with pixel density, accurately computing Betti numbers (beta 0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document}, beta 1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document}) and Euler characteristics, validated independently. The open-source tool (DHGComp) supports applications in machine learning, biomedical image analysis, and computer vision, advancing digital topology methodologies
Novel eco-friendly approach employing recycled waste ferrochrome slag in cellulose-based bioconductive paper production: Energy harvesting and electro-optical properties
No full textThis pioneering research incorporates ferrochrome slag (FS), a byproduct of metal extraction, with recycled pulp paper to improve electrical conductivity in an environmentally acceptable manner. The alternating current (AC) electrical conductivity exhibited consistent behavior from 100 Hz to 5 MHz at room temperature. A remarkable twofold increase in conductivity was achieved by elevating the FS ratio from 20 % to 25 % in the direct current region. Distinct trends were evident in 's' values, which serve as a measure of the level of interaction between mobile ions and their surroundings across frequency segments. The AF-Region (100 Hz - 2 kHz) yielded 's' values of 0.627-0.640, preferring values below 1, while the LRF-Region (2 kHz - 90 kHz) yielded values of 1.74-1.77, preferring values above 1. The sample with FS 25 % showed heightened conductive potential. Capacitance values and real permittivity (epsilon') increased noticeably at 100 Hz and 1 kHz with higher FS doping rates. By evaluating physical, optical, mechanical, electrical, and morphological properties, this study reveals the latent potential of FS integration, advancing electrical conductivity through an eco-friendly approach. This unique waste valorization underscores FS as a game-changing material for paper production leading to further environmental perspectives
Evaluating the financial credibility of third-party logistic providers through a novel frank operators-driven group decision-making model with dual hesitant linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy information
No full textIn the relevant literature, there is no study dealing with the financial credibility of third-party logistic providers with the help of decision-making frames. Further, there are no criteria to evaluate the third-party logistics providers' creditworthiness in practice, and decision-makers in the banks consider their judgments and experiences to assess the demand of the logistics firms. This study proposes a multi-criteria group decision-making framework through a dual hesitant linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy (DHLq-ROF) set to manage uncertainties more effectively and make a theoretical contribution to the academic literature. For ranking, the score function and accuracy function are defined. Additionally, some novel operational laws based on Frank t-norms and t-conorms are defined for DHLq-ROF numbers. A wide range of generalized aggregation operators, such as DHLqROF Frank weighted averaging, DHLq-ROF Frank weighted geometric, DHLq-ROF Frank generalized weighted averaging, and DHLq-ROF Frank generalized weighted geometric operators, are also investigated. Beyond that, several prominent characteristics of the proposed operators are studied. It is applied to a financial credibility problem for a multinational organization to demonstrate the introduced model's applicability. Considering the results obtained regarding the importance of the criteria, the most crucial criterion is market indebtedness, followed by fleet vehicle structure and current rate criteria, respectively. The results indicate that UPS, Kuhne & Nagel and DHL Deutsche Post are the best third-party logistic providers. The sensitivity analysis shows that the framework possesses favourable flexibility and effectiveness. Thanks to the framework's ability to produce practical solutions to challenging decision-making problems, it can be reliably preferred in engineering and other fields
Developing Prosocial Behavior in Peer Relationships Scale Among College Students
No full textProsocial behaviors, performed voluntarily by thinking of others, are crucial in maintaining relationships. Although prosocial behaviors are exhibited in every period of life, the frequency or form of these behaviors varies across life stages. Also, peer relationships have an increasing impact on behavior in adolescence and then young adulthood. Purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure the prosocial behaviors of university students in peer relationships. The scale was applied to a total of 484 university students, 392 of whom were female and 91 of whom were male. The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale consisted of 19 items and one factor. In the second stage of the study, confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the data collected from 494 university students, 390 female and 104 male, and the one-factor structure of the scale was confirmed (chi 2/df = 3.05 (chi 2 = 463.842, df = 152), RMSEA = .064 95% [.058-.071], SRMR = .032, CFI = .950, TLI = .943). Cronbach's Alpha (.920) and McDonald's Omega (.921) were calculated to test the reliability of the scale. These results suggest that Prosocial Behavior in Peer Relationships Scale provides valid and reliable measurements for assessing university students' prosocial behaviors in peer relationships.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [221K503]The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) under the Grant Number 221K503. The authors thank to TUBITAK for their supports