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Investigation of melting and energy storage performance of PCM in a flat plate solar collector considering novel dendritic fin design and GO+MXene hybrid nanoparticles
No full textIn this study, the melting and energy storage characteristics of a phase change material (PCM) vessel integrated into a conventional flat-plate solar collector (FPSC) were numerically investigated using novel modifications. Dendritic fins have a diameter of d = 1 mm and are at different pitch ratios (P) to each other. Based on this situation, different pitch ratios of P/d = 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 were used in the dimpled fin design, and this novel fin structure was utilized in research. As another novel method, graphene oxide (GO) + MXene hybrid nanoparticles (HyNP) incorporated in RT35 HC PCM at volumetric condition of phi(vol.) = 2.0% and 6.0% were brought forward. Solar radiation supplied a heat flux of q = 1000 W.m(-2) on the system boundary. According to the results, pure PCM performed the best melting and energy storage characteristics compared to hybrid nano-PCM (HyNPCM) due to its lower viscosity. When phi(vol.) = 2.0% and 6.0% HyNPCMs were used, the melting time increased by 1.0% and 1.98%, respectively. In the cases with dimpled dendritic fins, it was observed that the melting time decreased as P/d decreased, and Case 7 (P/d = 1.5) achieved complete melting 11.1% earlier than Case 4 (without dimpled fins) and 76.2% earlier than Case 1. However, since the available volume for PCM storage decreased as P/d decreased, the highest energy storage was observed in Case 13 (P/d = 2.5), with a value of 2517 kJ.m(-1). Acquired stored energy amount was higher than Case 1, 4, 7, and 10 at the rate of 3.45%, 1.51%, 1.38%, and 1.23%, respectively. The results obtained from this study will pave the way for the use of dendritic fin structures in thermal energy storage (TES) systems
The Effect Of Cartoons On Student Drawings in Raising Awareness of Cultural Heritage Preservation
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı, kültür varlıklarını koruma bilincinin kazandırılmasında karikatür kullanımının öğrenci resimlerine katkısı olup olmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada nicel ve nitel yöntemlerin bir arada kullanıldığı karma yöntemden yararlanılmış olup, nicel olarak deney kontrol gruplu, öntest sontest kontrollü deneysel yöntem, nitel olarak ise tematik yöntem kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, 2023-2024 eğitim-öğretim yılında Bartın ilindeki bir ortaokulun 7. sınıfına devam eden toplam 60 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veriler, öğrenci resimlerinden elde edilmiştir. Öğrenci resimlerinde kullanılacak olan teknik, kuru boya ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen öğrenci resimleri, tema analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiş ortaya çıkan temalara dayalı olarak hazırlanan matrisler, yüzdelik dağılımlara dönüştürülerek grafikler oluşturulmuş ve elde edilen bulgular yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularında, kontrol grubu ön test resim çalışmaları ve son test resim çalışmaları karşılaştırıldığında, son test resim çalışmalarında temaların çeşitliliğinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Deney grubu ön test resim çalışmaları ve son test resim çalışmaları arasında yapılan değerlendirmede ise, son test resim çalışmalarında tema çeşitliliğinin neredeyse iki katına çıktığı görülmüştür. Kontrol grubu ön test resim çalışmaları ve son test resim çalışmaları arasındaki tema çeşitliliği artışı ile deney grubu ön test resim çalışmaları ve son test resim çalışmaları arasındaki tema çeşitliliği artışı karşılaştırıldığında, deney grubundaki tema çeşitliliği artışının, kontrol grubuna oranla anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgulara dayalı olarak, karikatür destekli eğitimin öğrencilerde kültür varlıklarını koruma bilinci geliştirmede, kültür varlıklarına ne şekilde zararlar verildiğine, kültür varlıkların hangi şekilde korunması ve yaşatılması gerektiğine ve kültür varlıklarının hangi kurum ya da kuruluşlar tarafından korunduğuna ilişkin temaların kullanımı açısından etkili bir yöntem olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.The aim of this study is to determine whether the use of cartoons contributes to student drawings in fostering awareness of cultural heritage preservation. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative aspect utilized a pretest-posttest controlled experimental design with experimental and control groups, while the qualitative aspect employed thematic analysis. The study group consisted of 60 seventh-grade students attending a middle school in Bartın province during the 2023-2024 academic year. Data were obtained from student drawings, and the drawing technique was limited to colored pencils. Student drawings were analyzed using thematic analysis, and matrices based on the emerging themes were converted into percentage distributions and presented in graphical form. The findings were interpreted accordingly. The study revealed that, when comparing the pretest and posttest drawings of the control group, there was an increase in the diversity of themes in the posttest drawings. Similarly, in the evaluation of the experimental group, the diversity of themes in the posttest drawings was found to have nearly doubled compared to the pretest drawings. When the increase in theme diversity between the control group and the experimental group was compared, the increase in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Based on these findings, it was concluded that cartoon-supported education is an effective method for developing awareness of cultural heritage preservation among students. It was particularly effective in addressing themes related to the types of damages inflicted on cultural heritage, methods for protecting and sustaining cultural assets, and the institutions or organizations responsible for their preservation
Effects of Adding Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles to Soil on Germination and Seedling Characteristics of Oriental Beech
No full textEffects of Fe-based nanoparticles (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) on germination parameters were studied for some seedling characteristics of Oriental beech ( Fagus orientalis) seeds. Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticle applications were made at concentrations of 400, 800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 mg/L on Fagus orientalis seeds collected from 10 different populations, and some germination and seedling characteristics were evaluated. Preliminary results generally indicated that low-dose nanoparticle applications positively affected germination and seedling characteristics, while increases in doses led to decreases in these parameters. Values obtained from high-dose nanoparticle applications were generally lower than those from the control group. The iron nanoparticles affected the parameters to different extents, Fe2O3 nanoparticles showed a significant positive effect on germination rate and radicle length, while exhibiting a significant negative effect on germination percentage and plumule length. The populations least affected by high- dose iron nanoparticle applications were Bursa Inegol, Karabuk-Yenice, and Ordu Akkus, while the most affected were the Bartin-Kumluca and Kahramanmaras-Andirin populations
Enhanced high-temperature oxidation resistance of TP347H supercritical boiler steel via vacuum cladding HEA coating at 800 ° C
No full textThis study investigates the improvement of high-temperature oxidation resistance in supercritical boiler steels at 800 degrees C through vacuum cladding NiCoFeCrMoSi1.2B1.1 HEA coatings on TP347H steels. The findings demonstrate that the HEA coating exhibited a strong metallurgical connection with the substrate and an FCC + sigma eutectic structure. With an average oxidation gain of only 12.8 % over 288 h, the HEA coating's oxidation rate constant was far lower than that of TP347H steel. The HEA coating showed a low-speed homogenous oxidation behavior with Cr2O3 as the primary oxide and a trace quantity of spinel, while the oxide of TP347 steel was Fe2O3. The oxide layer of the TP347H steel thickened at a rate 71.1 times faster than that of the HEA coating, suggesting that the former oxidized more quickly than the latter. The persistent interaction of loosely organized Fe2O3 oxides and metal shedding are the primary causes of TP347H steel's low oxidation resistance. The excellent high- temperature oxidation resistance of the HEA coatings is a result of the ongoing development and protective action of Cr2O3 dense oxide. The main high temperature diffusion mechanism is the inward diffusion of external O element and the quick outward diffusion of Cr element on the surface of the HEA coating. For the development of high-performance supercritical composite boiler steel, this work offers solid experimental and data support, and it has significant reference value.National Natural Science Foundation of China [51605230]; Key Research and Development and Promotion Special Project (Scientific and Technological Research) in Henan Province, China [232102221022]; Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan Province, China [YJS2025AL148]; Nanyang City Basic and Frontier Technology Research Special Project, in Henan Province, China [23JCQY1001, 23JCQY2013]This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51605230) , the Key Research and Development and Promotion Special Project (Scientific and Technological Research, No. 232102221022) in Henan Province, China, the Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project (No. YJS2025AL148) of Henan Province, China, as well as the Nanyang City Basic and Frontier Technology Research Special Project (Nos. 23JCQY1001 and 23JCQY2013), in Henan Province, China
Investigation of Color and Mechanical Properties of Parts Printed on 3D Printers After Salt Spray Testing
No full textThe use of plastic materials in the maritime industry is increasing day by day. Plastics are particularly preferred in watercraft due to their lightweight, resistance to water-related damage (such as mold and wear), optical clarity, and high corrosion resistance. In recent years, plastics produced by 3D printing have gained prominence in applications traditionally dominated by conventional plastic materials. Therefore, producing marine-grade materials-such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), which has long been used in the maritime sector-through 3D printing, and understanding their long-term performance, has become increasingly important. In this study, the mechanical behavior, surface roughness, and color changes of ABS+ materials in three different colors (yellow, green, and blue) and with three different infill ratios (50%, 75%, and 100%) were investigated after a salt spray test. Following the salt spray exposure, tensile and bending tests, hardness measurements, surface roughness analyses, and color measurements were conducted and compared with reference samples. The results were evaluated based on filament color and infill ratio. This study underscores the importance of color selection-along with mechanical strength-when designing 3D-printed materials for long-term use in saltwater environments
Adaptation of Volitional Competency Scale for Middle School Students
No full textThis study aims to adapt the Volitional Competency Scale (VCS), developed by Keller, Uçar, and Kumtepe (2020) based on the ARCS-V model, for use with middle school students. After consulting with experts with doctoral degrees in distance education, Turkish language teachers, and middle school students, the scale was revised. In the second phase, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted with a sample of 156 middle school students to determine the factor structure of the scale. In the third phase, the factor structure obtained as a result of the exploratory factor analysis was examined with a confirmatory factor analysis in a new sample of 272 middle school students. In the final stage, the test-retest reliability of the scale was examined in a sample of 20 students. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale has a single-factor structure for middle school students. The internal consistency reliability analysis of the scale in two different samples showed that the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient varied between .83 and .93. Lastly, the test-retest reliability, calculated two weeks apart, was found to be .91. These results indicate that the VCS is a relevant and reliable measurement tool for use with middle school students
Video and booklet discharge instructions for mothers for childhood fever in pediatric emergency department: A randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground: Due to lack of knowledge and misunderstanding, parents may mismanage a fever and seek unnecessary medical attention. Aim: The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of video and booklet discharge instructions for childhood fever in the pediatric emergency department. Methods: This randomized controlled trial (NCT05929131) consisted of three groups: video (n = 48), booklet (n = 48), and verbal (n = 48) discharge instructions. Data were collected using the Introductory Information Form, Parent's Childhood Fever Management, Post-Discharge Coping Difficulties Scale for Parents, and Post-Discharge Information Form. Results: Within the first 3 days after receiving discharge instructions, parents in the video group had lower scores on the Parents' Fever Management Scale (video: 20.29 f 1.99, booklet: 20.65 f 2.07, verbal: 28.41 f 1.51; p < 0.05) and the Post-Discharge Coping Difficulties Scale for Parents (video: 39.44 f 3.91, verbal: 54.03 f 9.12; p = 0.019) compared to the verbal group. After discharge, the number of hospital readmissions was lower in the video group of parents compared to the verbal group (video: 1.12 f 0.44, verbal: 1.54 f 0.96, p = 0.015). Conclusion: Visual discharge instructions, such as booklets and videos to support discharge instructions, have been shown to be effective in improving mothers' fever management skills and reducing their return to the emergency department
From raw clay to ceramics: Evaluating the suitability of raw materials through compositional analysis
No full textRaw clay has been an essential material for thousands of years, valued for its distinctive properties and versatility, particularly in ceramic production. Thus, this study seeks to systematically classify raw clays based on their suitability for manufacturing ceramic building materials. Key indicators such as 0.063 mm sieve residue and chemical composition were evaluated to enable a preliminary and rapid assessment. The 50 raw clays from Serbia were grouped using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) according to compositional similarities, and these classifications were subsequently compared against industrial samples. Further analysis through mineralogical composition and behavior during heating within these groups provided a comprehensive understanding of their physical behavior. The results demonstrate that PCA effectively distinguishes raw clays based on their chemical composition, paving the way for a reliable classification for ceramic production. This system enables manufacturers to optimize materials for diverse applications, including common bricks and blocks, roof tiles and clay ceilings, ceramic tiles, and refractory products. Key findings reveal that raw clays containing 15-20% Al2O3, 3-9% Fe2O3, and at least 2% fluxing oxides are wellsuited for heavy clay products. For ceramic tile production, optimal clay batches should contain no more than 1.5% Fe2O3, 1.0% TiO2, and less than 0.2% organic carbon. Meanwhile, refractory clays must exhibit a minimum of 15-20% and up to over 42% Al2O3, with constraints on SiO2 (below 76%), Fe2O3 (3.7%), Na2O and K2O (3.7%), and CaO (1.0%) after firing. Through this classification framework, manufacturers can more effectively select and refine raw clays to meet the stringent demands of ceramic production, ensuring both efficiency and performance in industrial applications. (c) 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. on behalf of SECV. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/).Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation [451-03-136/2025-03/200012]This investigation is financially supported by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation (contract no.: 451-03-136/2025-03/200012)
The Effects of Pine Processionary Moth (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams.) on Diameter and Volume Increment in Crimean Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) Forests of Bartın
No full textThe pine processionary moth (PPM) causes damage by eating the needles of trees. It was determined that the normal increment and growth decreased in trees affected by this insect depending on the severity of the epidemic. The aim of this study is to determine the diameter and volume increment losses caused by the PPM in trees in the Crimean pine forests of Bartın province. The research material was obtained from nine temporary trial areas determined in the natural Crimean pine forests of Bartın province. Diameter and height measurements were made on all trees in the trial areas and increment cores were taken from a total of 346 trees. The annual diameter and volume increment values were determined for the period 2010-2021. The period 2015-2017 was determined as loss years. Three classes were created as control, moderate, and high harmful, according to the three-year total diameter increment in the damage years. The differences between the diameter and volume increments of the three classes were checked by the ANOVA and the Duncan test. The effect of climate variables on these differences was examined by the Standardized Precipitation Index and the Erinç Precipitation Efficiency Index. It was understood that increment losses are not affected by the amount of precipitation and temperature. It was determined that there was a 29.89% diameter and 26.72% volume increment loss in the moderate harmful group, and a 40.22% diameter and 35.09% volume increment loss in the high harmful group. Since diameter and volume increment losses have a negative impact on tree wealth and business income, some suggestions were developed to reduce insect damage and ensure sustainable forest management
Investigation of Eighth-Grade Students' processes of solving skill- based science questions by eye tracking technique
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the visual measurement results related to the behavior/processes of solving skill-based science questions of eighth grade students by eye tracking technique. Non-experimental quantitative research method was used in the research and visual measurement results were supported by heat maps and eye splash movements. Nine questions, with difficulty and discrimination indexes calculated, were applied to 56 eighth grade students. Data were collected with a skill-based test, eye tracking device, think-aloud protocols and a perception scale towards next generation science questions. The data obtained from the eye tracking device was examined using Gaze Viewer software and the results were shown as images. The results revealed that visual measurement results differed according to gender and 2023 high schools entrance exam scores. Additionally, negative relationships were found between visual measurement results and students' practice test scores and their perceptions towards solving next generation science questions. It was determined that average duration of fixation had a significant predictive effect on students' self-efficacy levels for solving next generation science questions.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK); Bartin University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [2023-SOS-CY-002]Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK). This study is a part of the first author's master thesis. This study was supported by Bartin University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (2023-SOS-CY-002). The authors are grateful to Bartin University