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The Factors Affecting Automobile Demand in Türkiye
No full textPer capita demand for cars is significantly higher in societies with higher purchasing power. Globally, demand for automobiles has been growing steadily, especially in developing countries. In Türkiye, where the automotive sector plays an important role in exports and the overall economy, per capita demand for automobiles has also been steadily increasing. This study examines the effects of national income and labor force participation rates on Türkiye's automobile demand. Using data from 1990 to 2022, the number of automobiles per 1,000 people is analyzed as the dependent variable, while national income per capita and labor force participation rate are analyzed as independent variables. The results of this study show that while labor force participation rate and national income per capita are expected to influence automobile ownership, the findings suggest that these variables do not exhibit a significant direct relationship with car ownership in Türkiye. The error correction coefficient (ECT) is found to be statistically significant, indicating that the system adjusts to long-run equilibrium within approximately 11.75 periods. However, both the longrun and short-run coefficients for the labor force participation rate and national income per capita are not statistically significant. This suggests that other factors, beyond income levels and labor force participation, may play a more substantial role in determining automobile demand. These results imply that the dynamics of automobile ownership in Türkiye are influenced by a broader range of factors, including infrastructure development, government policies, and consumer preferences, rather than solely by income and labor force participation rates. Future research could further explore the impact of these additional factors on car ownership, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the drivers behind automobile demand in Türkiye
Impact of habitat loss on Dalmatian pelican breeding colonies
No full textThe Dalmatian pelican, classified as Near-threatened, depends on T & uuml;rkiye for around 10% of its global population. The Gediz Delta is crucial, serving as one of the nation's five key breeding sites. Homa Lagoon historically supported significant pelican populations; however, its islands have faced an 80% reduction in area since 1999 due to soil erosion and rising water levels. In 2022, Lake Marmara experienced complete desiccation, further exacerbating habitat loss. This study assesses trends in Dalmatian pelican breeding pairs and evaluates the impacts of habitat loss in Homa Lagoon and the drying of Lake Marmara. Monitoring from 2016 to 2023 revealed a decline, with an average of 130 breeding pairs across the Gediz Delta, dropping from 183 in 2017 to 117 in 2023, and zero pairs on Homa Lagoon islands in 2022. In response, pelicans shifted their breeding to an artificial island and coastal marshes. Initially, a negative correlation was observed between island area and pelican pairs (r = -0.60) from 2002 to 2017, shifting to a non-significant but positive correlation (r = 0.26) by 2023, reflecting the impact of continued habitat contraction. The loss of surface area in Lake Marmara also significantly affected breeding numbers, highlighting its critical role as a foraging ground, especially post-2013. These findings underscore the urgent need for long-term monitoring, wetland conservation and restoration to support pelican breeding colonies
Exploring the Role of Context for Social Justice Leadership: Perceptions, Practices, and Challenges Through the Lens of Ecological Systems Theory
No full textAddressing the educational inequalities experienced by disadvantaged student groups is now considered a key responsibility for school leaders worldwide. Using Ecological Systems Theory (EST), this study explores school leaders' perceptions and implementation of social justice leadership in T & uuml;rkiye, focusing on how contextual factors shape, enable, or constrain their efforts. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 school principals and assistant principals from different levels and diverse educational settings. Three main themes emerged from the data: 1. Perceived inequities and perception of social justice in education, 2. Social justice leadership practices, and 3. Contextual opportunities and challenges of social justice leadership. Findings mainly reveal that despite their limited autonomy and resources, many school leaders drew on community relationships and informal networks to meet students' academic, material, and emotional needs. Interpretations of the findings within the current literature and suggestions for practice and research were provided in the discussion section.The Education University of Hong Kong [RG 49/2021-2022R]; Education University of Hong KongThe authors acknowledge the support from the Education University of Hong Kong (Grant Number: RG 49/2021-2022R)
Kültür, Komşuluk ve Normalleşme Söylemleri Üzerinden Türkiye'deki Ermeni Algısı: Bursa Örneği
No full textTÜBİTAK 2209-AThis article was produced based on field data collected as part of a project that aims to contribute to the normalization process between Türkiye and Armenia. The perception of Armenians in Türkiye will be examined through the example of Bursa from the perspective of culture, neighborhood, and normalization discourses. The field study conducted within the scope of the TÜBİTAK 2209-A project was carried out in the Yıldırım and Osmangazi districts of Bursa in 2022, focusing on Türkiye-Armenian culture, neighborhood relations, and perceptions of Armenians. Data were collected using the results of interviews with source persons and 7 open-ended questions directed to people living in Bursa. The questions revealed the perception levels of the people in the study sample about Armenians, their knowledge about neighborhood relations, and the current status of Türkiye-Armenia relations. In order to obtain valid, reliable, and sufficient data on the subject, interviews were conducted with 30 people from 6 different strata. Each interviewee group consisted of 5 people representing one of the 6 main groups. The results show that the people living in the Osmangazi and Yıldırım districts of Bursa have a positive perception of Armenians. This research is of great importance in terms of providing data to universities, educational institutions, civil society organizations and the public. The data will help create a roadmap to positively contribute to relations between the two countries.Bu makale, Türkiye-Ermenistan arasındaki normalleşme sürecine katkıda bulunmayı amaçlayan bir proje kapsamında toplanan saha verilerine dayandırılarak üretilmiştir. Bursa örneği üzerinden Türkiye'deki Ermeni algısı kültür, komşuluk ve normalleşme söylemleri perspektifinden incelenecektir. TÜBİTAK 2209-A projesi kapsamında yürütülen saha çalışması, 2022 yılında Bursa'nın Yıldırım ve Osmangazi ilçelerinde Türk-Ermeni kültürü, komşuluk ilişkileri ve Ermenilere yönelik algı konularına odaklanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, kaynak kişilerle yapılan mülakat sonuçları kullanılarak Bursa'da yaşayan kişilere yöneltilen 7 açık uçlu soru ile toplanmıştır. Sorular, çalışma örnekleminde yer alan kişilerin Ermenileri algılama düzeyleri, komşuluk ilişkileri hakkındaki bilgileri ve Türkiye-Ermenistan ilişkilerinin mevcut durumu hakkında bilgileri ortaya koymuştur. Konuyla ilgili geçerli, güvenilir ve yeterli veriye ulaşmak için 6 farklı tabakadan 30 kişiyle görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Her bir görüşmeci grubu, 6 ana gruptan birini temsil eden 5 kişiden oluşmuştur. Sonuçlar, Bursa'nın Osmangazi ve Yıldırım ilçelerinde yaşayanların Ermenilere yönelik olumlu bir algıya sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu araştırma, üniversitelere, eğitim kurumlarına, sivil toplum kuruluşlarına ve kamuoyuna veri sağlaması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Veriler, iki ülke arasındaki ilişkilere olumlu katkı sağlamak için bir yol haritası oluşturulmasına yardımcı olacaktır.Tübita
Examination of Teachers' Views on School-Based Mindfulness in Early Childhood
No full textThis study aims to examine preschool teachers' views on school-based mindfulness activities. The research design has a phenomenology pattern, one of the qualitative research patterns. The researchers determined the study group of the research by snowball sampling method and 21 preschool teachers formed the study group of the research. Moreover, the researchers used "School-Based Mindfulness Interview Form" as the data collection tool in the study. Additionally, the researchers analyzed the obtained data by content analysis method. As a result, the research concluded that teachers' own learning processes were not satisfactory to plan school-based mindfulness trainings. In addition, the vast majority of teachers stated that they included activities related to understanding and expressing emotions every day. Teachers also included activity planning, the learning process, and daily routines in relation to both understanding and expressing emotions and attention and focus. They stated that children acquired more social skills with school-based mindfulness trainings
THE INITIAL TURKIC RAIDS INTO ANATOLIA, THE FIRST TURKIC CONQUESTS, AND THE FACTORS FACILITATING TURKIC CONQUESTS
No full textAnadolu'nun Türkler tarafından fethedilmesi, Orta Asya'dan gelen Türk kavimlerinin bölgeye olan ilk akınlarıyla başlamıştır. Bu akınlar genellikle XI. yüzyılın başlarına rastlar ve Türk bozkır savaşçılarının hızlı ve manevra kabiliyeti yüksek taktiklerini kullanarak gerçekleşmiştir. İlk Türk fetihleri, XI. yüzyılda Selçuklu Türkeri'nin Anadolu'ya girişiyle ciddi bir ivme kazanmıştır. Alp Arslan ve onun halefi Melikşah gibi liderlerin yönetiminde, Selçuklular geniş bölgelerde egemenlik kurmuş ve bölgenin Türkleşmesinin temellerini atmışlardır. Bu süreçte Türk fetihlerini kolaylaştıran bazı faktörler ortaya çıkmıştır. İlk olarak bu dönemde Anadolu, bir dizi küçük Bizans ve yerel Anadolu devletinin egemenlik mücadelesi verdiği siyasi parçalanma dönemini yaşamaktaydı. Bu parçalanma, Selçuklular ve diğer Türk gruplarının bölgedeki bölünmüşlükten yararlanarak toprakları fethetmesini kolaylaştırmıştır. Devamında Selçukluların gelişi öncesinde Anadolu'nun hâkim gücü olan Bizans İmparatorluğu, iç çekişmelerle ve diğer komşu güçlerle yaşadığı çatışmalar gibi dış baskılarla zayıflamıştı. Bu zayıflık, Türk akınları ve fetihleri için fırsatlar yaratmıştır. Beraberinde Türk savaşçıları, özellikle Selçuklular, askeri ustalıklarıyla ünlüydüler. Hareket kabiliyetleri ve taktikleri, düşmanlarını şaşırtarak fetihleri kolaylaştırmıştır. Bu, Türk hâkimiyetinin sağlamlaştırılmasını ve Anadolu'nun zamanla Türkleştirilmesini kolaylaştırmıştır. Bu çalışmada; Anadolu'ya yapılan ilk Türk akınları, yapılan ilk Türk fetihleri ve bu Türk fetihlerini kolaylaştıran sebepler hakkında konu ile ilgili dönem kaynakları ışığında yapılan tespitler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.The conquest of Anatolia by the Turks began with the initial raids of Turkish tribes coming from Central Asia. These raids generally occurred in the early XIth century and were carried out using the fast and highly maneuverable tactics of the Turkish steppe warriors. The first Turkish conquests gained significant momentum with the entry of the Seljuk Turks into Anatolia in the XIth century. Under the leadership of figures such as Alp Arslan and his successor Melikshah, the Seljuks established dominance over vast regions and laid the foundations for the Turkification of the area. Several factors facilitated these Turkish conquests during this period. Firstly, Anatolia was experiencing a period of political fragmentation, characterized by a series of power struggles between small Byzantine and local Anatolian states. This fragmentation made it easier for the Seljuks and other Turkish groups to exploit the divided landscape and conquer territories. Furthermore, prior to the arrival of the Seljuks, the Byzantine Empire, which was the dominant power in Anatolia, had been weakened by internal conflicts and external pressures from neighboring powers. This weakness created opportunities for Turkish raids and conquests. Additionally, Turkish warriors, especially the Seljuks, were renowned for their military prowess. Their mobility and tactics often surprised their enemies, facilitating the conquests. This helped solidify Turkish dominance and ease the process of Turkification in Anatolia over time. This study aims to present findings on the initial Turkish raids into Anatolia, the first Turkish conquests, and the factors that facilitated these conquests, based on period sources related to the topi
Eighth Grade Students' Metaphorical Perceptions of Ordered Pair and Variable Concepts
No full textIn this study, it was aimed to determine the metaphorical perceptions of eighth grade students regarding the concepts of ordered pair and variable, and to examine the changes in these perceptions according to gender and socioeconomic status. “Phenomenology” design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used as the research model. The sample of the study consists of 400 eighth grade students studying in four public secondary schools of a province in the Black Sea Region in the 2021-2022 academic year and selected by maximum variation sampling method. Metaphoric Perception Form (MPF) was used as a data collection tool. Content analysis was used to analyze the student metaphors related to the concepts. Chi-Square test was used to examine the change of the developed metaphors according to gender and socioeconomic status. According to the findings of the study, the metaphors related to the concept of ordered pair were grouped under 17 conceptual categories and the metaphors of friend, buddy, sibling, school desk, twins, pattern and close friends were mostly used. The metaphors related to the concept of variable were grouped under 10 conceptual categories and the most common metaphors were human, emotion, chameleon, dollar, weather forecast, life, decision and foreigner. While female students developed more metaphors than male students regarding the concepts of ordered pair and variable, male students used more metaphor drawings than female students. For these concepts, secondary schools with high socioeconomic status developed more metaphors than secondary schools with low socioeconomic status
Investigation of Gifted Students' Perceptions Towards Air Pollution, One of the Socio-Scientific Issues
No full textThis study, which examined gifted students' perceptions towards air pollution, was conducted within the scope of phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods. The research was conducted with 23 gifted students. Data were collected with the Draw -Write-Tell technique. The data were collected two hours a week for a total of eight hours. In the first and second weeks, data were collected on the causes of air pollution, and in the third and fourth weeks, data were collected on the solution of air pollution. The inductive content analysis method was used to analyze the data. According to gifted students, smoke from the chimneys of factories and residences, gases emitted from car exhausts, forest fires, cutting down forests/trees, industrial and domestic wastes, use of non-renewable energy sources, uncontrolled fires, ship wastes, water pollution, airplane fuels, running generators, and smoking cause air pollution. In addition, they think that installing filters on car exhausts and residential/factory chimneys, afforestation, not cutting down forests, limiting the use of cosmetic products or not using these products, recycling, using renewable environmentally friendly energy sources, reducing or eliminating smoking, using public transportation, and using bicycles instead of motor vehicles can be reasonable solutions to reduce air pollution
Bir Antik Kent Uzuncaburç'ta Hayaletler ve Hayaletli Mekânlar İle İlgili Anlatılar
No full textUzuncaburç, which is located in the Mediterranean region of Turkey and is connected to Mersin province Silifke district, is an old Yoruk Turkmen settlement dating back to the Hellenistic period. Since the town is far from the center and in a mountainous region, it has managed to preserve its culture until today. One of the most important cultural areas where the multi-layered structure of the regional culture is visible is folk beliefs. Folk beliefs, in which the pagan period, the Christian period and the Islamic period are combined with the old Turkish beliefs, are still kept alive in the region and passed on to future generations. Ghost narratives, which are one of the most common oral culture products of this transmission, are very interesting. Ghost narratives, which are the subject of this study, are stories that are generally told in Uzuncaburç depending on certain places. Ghost narratives told by adults to children, especially during long winter nights, contain the traces of the cultural periods that the geography has undergone, as well as the traces of pre-Islamic Turkish beliefs brought from Central Asia. Thus, ghost narratives, which offer a rich and deep motif bundle, were compiled from the people living in the region by interview method within the field research methods and analyzed from a folk scientific perspective. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the Yoruk Turkmen people who live in the region and make their living by agriculture and animal husbandry continue to keep the belief elements brought from Central Asia alive by combining them with the culture of the geography.Türkiye'nin Akdeniz bölgesinde yer alan ve Mersin ili Silifke ilçesine bağlı olan Uzuncaburç kökeni Helenistik döneme kadar uzanan eski bir Yörük Türkmen yerleşim yeridir. Belde merkezden uzak ve dağlık bir bölgede olduğu için kültürünü günümüze kadar muhafaza etmeyi başarmıştır. Bölge kültürünün çok katmanlı yapısının göründüğü en önemli kültürel alanlardan birisi halk inanışlarıdır. Beldenin yaşadığı pagan dönem, Hıristiyanlık dönemi ve İslami dönemin eski Türk inançlarıyla da birleştirilerek katmanlar halinde barındırıldığı halk inanışları bölgede hala yaşatılmaya ve gelecek kuşaklara aktarılmaya devam edilmektedir. Bu aktarımın en yaygın olduğu sözlü kültür ürünlerinin başında gelen hayalet anlatıları oldukça ilgi çekicidir. Bu çalışmanın konusu olan hayalet anlatıları Uzuncaburç'ta genelde belirli mekanlara bağlı olarak anlatılan hikayelerdir. Özellikle uzun kış gecelerinde yetişkinler tarafından çocuklara anlatılan hayalet anlatıları içeriğinde coğrafyanın geçirdiği kültürel devirlerin izlerini barındırdığı gibi Orta Asya'dan getirilen İslamiyet öncesi dönem Türk inançlarının izlerini de barındırmaktadır. Böylece zengin ve derin bir motif demeti sunan hayalet anlatıları bölgede yaşayan halktan saha araştırması yöntemleri içerisinde yer alan mülakat yöntemiyle derlenip halk bilimsel açıdan incelenmiştir. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda bölgede yaşayan ve geçimini tarım, hayvancılıkla sağlayan Yörük Türkmen ahalinin Orta Asya'dan getirdiği inanç ögelerini coğrafyanın kültürüyle birleştirerek yaşatmaya devam ettiği görülmüştür. Yapılan bu tespit yörenin sözlü kültür varlığını koruduğunu ve gelecek nesillere de başarılı bir şekilde aktarmaya devam ettiğini göstermektedir
21st Century Skills in Mathematics and Science Education: A Bibliometric Analysis
No full textThis research aims to develop a detailed bibliometric map of all published academic works concerning 21st-century skills in the fields of mathematics and science education (MSE). By utilizing the Web of Science (WoS) database, the analysis covered 312 publications authored by 913 researchers from 56 different countries, spanning the years 2001 to 2024. The study examined various dimensions, including scientific output, network analysis, thematic trends, changes in themes, and the conceptual framework of the literature in this field. The bibliometric analysis revealed that while the number of annual publications varies, citation counts show a steady increase. Key contributors to this area of research include Zubaidah, Mahanna, Susilo, and Harun, with the University of Nigeria Malang recognized as the most productive institution. The leading countries represented by corresponding authors are the USA, Germany, and Indonesia. Network analysis revealed significant connections between the journals Computers & Education and Computers in Human Behavior. Commonly used terms in the literature include students, technology, education, 21st-century skills, science, and mathematics, while trending topics feature technology, critical thinking, thinking skills, and STEM. The conceptual analysis indicated that about 30% of the variability was accounted for by the most effective size reduction identified. The study concludes with several recommendations based on its findings