SUST Journal Systems (Sudan Univ. of Science and Technology)
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Comparison Between Gross Errors Detection Methods in Surveying Measurements
Get PDFThe least squares estimation method is commonly used to process measurements. In practice, redundant measurements are carried out to ensure quality control and to check for errors that could affect the results. Therefore, an insurance of the quality of these measurements is an important issue. Measurement errors of collected data have different levels of influence due to their number, measured accuracy and redundancy. The aim of this paper is to examine the detection of gross error capabilities in vertical control networks using three methods; Global Test, Data Snooping and Tau Test to compare the effectiveness of these three methods. With the least squares’ method, if there are gross errors in the observations, the sizes of the corresponding residuals may not always be larger than for other residuals that do not have gross errors. This makes it difficult to find (detect) it. Therefore, it is not certain that serious errors should be detected by just examining the magnitudes of the residuals alone. These methods are used in conjunction with developed programs to calculate critical values for the distributions (in real time) rather than look for these in statistical tables. The main conclusion reached is that the tau (τ) statistic is the most sensitive to the presence gross error detection; therefore, it is the one recommended to be used in gross error detection
Analysis Study for Building Failure Envelopes of Strip Skirted Foundations on Undrained Soil
No full textAbstract-Skirted foundation is a raft foundation reinforced by a number of vertical plates or "skirts" beneath. A series of two-dimensional finite element analyses were carried out using finite element software Abaqus. In the first stage the vertical bearing capacity of strip skirted foundations for uniform strength clay has been studied and the uniaxial vertical bearing capacity factors Ncv were calculated as a function of embedment ratio d/B. Then General combined VHM loading has been studied by building failure envelopes as slices in HM planes through the three- dimensional failure envelope at intervals of constant vertical load. The effect of foundation embedment ratio d/B, and the level of vertical load on the size and shape of the failure envelope has been also studied for rough soil-skirt interface, and Then the results were compared with previous studies. Results showed the role of the skirt in increasing the uniaxial and combined bearing capacity, and that the shape of the failure envelope significantly varies with foundation embedment ratio. Increasing obliqueness and asymmetry about the moment axis of the failure is associated with increasing embedment ratio, also the size of the failure envelopes is dependent on the embedment ratio and the level of vertical load, where the combined capacity diminishes with a decrease in the embedment ratio and an increase in the vertical loa
Physical Planning Effects On Hadramout Valley (Yemen)
No full textInhabiting random urban areas is one of the reasons for these areas to entail a number of prob-lems. That is because inhabitants of hot and semi-hot areas suffer from the risk of heavy rain-fall، particularly urban areas located in the valleys. Hadhramout Valley (in Yemen) is one ex-ample of these valleys which witness، after the passage of some years، distractive and uncontrolled floods and raging torrents leading to damages، deaths and losses. The most recent of such disasters happened in 2008. Such floods increased the inhabitants’ suffering in the above-mentioned areas. This study comes to examine the impact of flow of such sub-valleys on urban communities within Hadhramout Valley. The study is based on analysis of records، tables that show the topography and ground forms of sub-valleys، their directions and their locations. With using GIS and digital maps، to laying the scientific bases for guided schemes to urban communities. The study of such areas becomes of great importance particu-larly in view of recent climatic change. The results showed that there is a direct impact of the floods of valley that located the urban Communities in Wadi Hadramout
Bio-Treatment of an Acidic Industrial Wastewater: Tana Explosive Factory
Get PDFTana is one of the Sudanese Military industries. Manufacturing different types of chemical i.e. (TNT, DNT, and MNT). The pH of the acidic wastewater is 1.7 was mixed together with 10% sodium hydroxide lye and neutralized under agitation in neutralizing tank. After neutralization the pH of water reached the value of 6.In this study anew bio treatment is applied to treat acidic wastewater by using moringa oleifera leaves after grinding and mixing in a tank the result indicated that significant increase in pH from1.7 to5.8 in 3 hours, and with 10%added sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pH value reached 6 that without salt sedimentation and low cost of treatment. The Moringa Oleifera leaves showed good treatment properties especially when used for acidic wastewater of pH value (1.7). Moringa Oleifera leaves can raise pH value to (5.8) in three hours. It is highly recommended that realistic visibility study must be carried out to design and apply the manufacture of the tablets of Moringa
Enhancement of the Contention Access Period for Reducing Energy Consumption of Industrial Internet of Things Based on IPv6
Get PDFAbstract: Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is an emerging technology in recent years, which is widely utilized for control, manage the manufacturing environment, and monitor production lines in the smart factories. The IPv6 has enabled the use of many IIoT devices, so these devices consume large amounts of energy. Many research efforts were made in this area aimed to improve power consumption and performance. This paper proposed the Contention Access Period Reduction Medium Access Control protocol (CAP Reduction MAC protocol) for reducing the CAP duration size based on IEEE 802.15.4e. The proposed MAC protocol leads to reduce the CAP portion. Thus the number of time slots, which assigned to the sensors will decrease. Moreover, this paper intends to estimate the performance of IIoT devices in terms of energy consumption, throughput, and delay time through an analysis of their respective ways of operation running the Contiki Operating System (OS). To validate the proposed protocol, different experiments are conducted based on the Cooja simulator. The proposed protocol can be reduced the overall energy consumption with up to 64.14 %, decreases the delay by 33.7 %, and increases throughput by 63.0 %
Performance Evaluation of Natural Scenes Features to create Opinion Unaware-Distortion Unaware IQA Metric
Get PDFThere are many challenges facing image quality assessment (IQA) task. The greatest one which has been treated by this research is the difficulty of quantifying and evaluating distorted images quality blindly with no existence of the original (reference) image or partially from it. Choosing the appropriate features plays a significant role in measuring image quality. This study evaluates the efficiency of a set of features in quantifying image quality. The features have been gathered in spatial domain using the techniques of both rich edges and sharper regions of pristine natural images. The performance efficiency of these features examined through comparing them with both features gathered from reference and distorted images. These techniques employed to build two IQA metrics. Results clearly show the proposed pristine natural features competes reference features in assessing the distorted image quality. This proves the validity of these features in creating a robust metrics for evaluating distorted images. When testing the proposed metrics on LIVE database, experiment results show extracting features by means of rich edges is better than extracting it using sharper regions when assess the prediction monotonicity and applying the prediction accuracy evaluation. Besides they show the average outcome of the two techniques not only competes the popular full-reference peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), the structural similarity (SSIM), and the developed NR natural image quality evaluator (NIQE) model but also outperform them
تحديث الشبكة الضوئية الرئيسية السودانية وتحديد مواقع مراكز البيانات باستخدام البرمجة الخطية
No full text- مع تصػ ا رت تقشيات الإنتخنت وتعجد خجماتيا، ا زدت كسية البيانات السشقػلة عبخ الإنتخنت، كسا ا زدت الحاجة لتػفيخ
م ا خكد لتخديغ تمظ البيانات ونقميا بدخعة كبيخة لمسدتخجم. وبالتالي مغ السيع إنذاء الذبكة وربصيا بسا يقمل التكمفة، وتأسيذ م ا خكد
البيانات في الذبكة في أمثل السػاقع لتقميل تكمفة التحسيل والتخديغ. تيجف ىحه الػرقة إلى تحجيج أفزل شخيقة لخبط مجن الدػدان
الخئيدية بالألياف الزػئية ومقارنة الذبكة الشاتجة مع الذبكة الزػئية الحالية ومغ ثع اقت ا خح أفزل شخيقة لتحديغ الذبكة. تيجف
الػرقة كحلظ إلى ايجاد أفزل مػاقع لإنذاء م ا خكد البيانات في الذبكة. يكػن ذلظ اعتساداً عمى مجسػعة مغ العػامل السؤثخة مثل البعج
بيغ السجن، وسعة الألياف الزػئية السدتخجمة وعجدىا، وكسية الصمب عمى البيانات مغ مجيشة إلى أخخى. تع استخجام البخمجة الخصية
بأسمػب البخمجة الخصية للأعجاد الرحيحة السختمصة في صياغة نسػذجيغ: الأول لتحجيج أفزل شخيقة لمخبط بيغ مجن الدػدان
الخئيدية عغ شخيق الألياف الزػئية، والثاني لإيجاد أفزل السػاقع لإنذاء م ا خكد البيانات. كحلظ استخجمت تقشية تقديع الصػل
السػجي السزاعف في إنذاء شبكة الألياف الزػئية. تع اختيار كبخى مجن الدػدان مغ حيث الكثافة الدكانية في اختبار الشساذج،
واستخجم التعجاد الدكاني في تحجيج شمب البيانات لكل مجيشة. بعج تشفيح الشسػذج الأول، تع الحرػل عمى أفزل شخيقة لخبط مجن
الدػدان في الذبكة، وىي مذابية لمذبكة الزػئية الحالية. وتع استخجام الشسػذج لاقت ا خح أفزل شخيقة لتحديغ الذبكة بديادة
الػصلات الزػئية بيغ السجن. وبعج تشفيح نسػذج تحجيج أفزل مػاقع لس ا خكد البيانات، تع تحجيج أفزل السجن لإنذاء م ا خكد البيانات
في الدػدان، وذلظ عشجما يكػن عجد الس ا خكد الكمي في الذبكة مغ مخكد واحج إلى ستة م ا خكد. تعتسج الصخيقة الأمثل لخبط العقج في
الذبكة عمى عجد العقج والسدافة بيشيا وعجد الخوابط. بيشسا يعتسج اختيار السػاقع الأمثل لس ا خكد البيانات عمى عجدىا في الذبكة وكسية
البيانات السصم ػب تحسيميا مغ وإلى م ا خكد البيانات
Survey of Arabic Checker Techniques
Get PDFIt is known that the importance of spell checking, which increases with the expanding of technologies, using the Internet and the local dialects, in addition to non-awareness of linguistic language. So, this importance increases with the Arabic language, which has many complexities and specificities that differ from other languages. This paper explains these specificities and presents the existing works based on techniques categories that are used, as well as explores these techniques. Besides, it gives directions for future work
Potentiality of In-house Treatment for Khartoum State Medical Wastes Case study: Khartoum Breast Care Center (KBCC)
Get PDFAbstract- As a result of the growing number of hospitals in Khartoum state, huge quantities of medical waste have been produced. Proper handling and treatment are urgently needed in a way that ensures the safety of the individual and society. This study is a simple assessment for an already existing treatment unit by using HAZOP study. The treatment unit is located in Khartoum Breast Care Center (KBCC). A brief review is presented about the amount of waste generated in Khartoum State hospitals and briefing about HAZOP. The assessment and analysis proved that the autoclaving process is safe, uncomplicated, does not require a lot of labor, and most importantly, the treatment is easy to handle. Compared to the medical waste generated by each hospital, autoclaving process is suitable and convenient size wise and operational wise. Some environmental and operational adjustments have been recommended
Numerical Study of Inspection the Photovoltaic System with Active Cooling
Get PDF-Electricity become a part of human modern life. It has many uses in our daily life and we cannot think of a word without electrical power. Solar source can replace the current fossil fuel or gas for generating the electric power. The aim of this study is to establish a simulation model to investigate the performance of a photovoltaic thermal system (PV/T) by using computational fluid dynamics method (CFD). The model includes a water conduct tube, absorber plate and system for convection heat transfer. The ANSYS FLUENT software has been used for simulation process. The panel electrical output and its efficiency were numerically investigated. In addition, the effect of the absorbed radiation changes on the inlet fluid temperature and absorbing plate on the system performance were investigated. A dynamic analysis of hybrid photovoltaic thermal system with a circulatory pump was given. A detailed mathematical model of the system is presented. The study was conducted for three cases, in the first case, when there is no coolant in the system and in the second case, at a constant fluid flow of the pump, while the third case with optimized operation of the pump. The obtained numerical results by CFD simulators were compared with the experimental results of the documentation. The both results have good agreement. From the obtained results, it can be seen that the system gives a good improvement for the net electrical efficiency of 3.52 % with a low reduction in thermal efficiency of the system by 1.96 % compared to the system when the consistently high flow is use