SUST Journal Systems (Sudan Univ. of Science and Technology)
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MODIFICATION OF HOT MIX ASPHALT USING POLYETHYLENE THEREPHTHALATE (PET) WASTE BOTTLES
No full textThis study covers usage of Polyethylene Therephthalate (PET) waste bottles to modify the properties of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. The study adopted usage of ground PET waste bottles with maximum particle size of 2.36 mm with different contents (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9%, and 1.1% by the weight) to replace an equivalent portion of fine aggregate. The study involved a number of laboratory tests to investigate the effects of the mentioned PET content on the engineering properties of HMA. In addition to tests implemented to specify the properties of materials used and to determine mixing and compaction temperatures, the testing program included Marshall tests, rutting susceptibility tests, and indirect tensile strength tests applied on a number of control (unmodified) and modified samples. The results exhibited significant improvement in engineering properties of mixtures modified with optimum PET content (which was found to be 0.5%) in terms of increase in stability, stiffness, and indirect tensile strength and decrease in rutting susceptibility without adverse effects on the other desirable properties of the mixture
Control of Wind Turbine for Variable Speed Based on Fuzzy-PID Controller
Get PDFNyala is one of the most suitable areas in Sudan for building wind energy conversion system.
This system could be linked with Nyala electrical grid without expensive cost because it is near to the
electrical local grid. The permanent changes of wind speed with no stablemode generate different amplitude
and frequency voltages which differ from Nyala electrical grid utility parameters. This requires good and
suitable controller to facilitate the link process or direct connection to the load. This paper proposes a fuzzy-
PID controller as maximum power point tracker (MPPT) to track the maximum power available from the
wind energy conversion system (WECS) and to obtain AC voltage with constant amplitude and frequency.
The maximum power is obtained based on the rotor speed of the wind turbine which represent in error
between actual rotor speed of PMSG and estimated value of rotor speed depend on values of DC current and
voltage at the terminal of boost-converter and parameters of PMSG. The error of rotor speed is given as input
to the fuzzy-PID controller that controls the duty cycle of pulse width modulation (PWM) generator and its
output is connected to the boost converter. The proper wind turbine with its generator was chosen depending
on parameters of probability density function (pdf), called Wiebull Function. To validate the correctness and
effectiveness of the proposed system, it is simulated with MATLAB/SIMULINK model. The simulation
results show the good performance of the proposed control scheme
Oxygen Level Measurement Techniques: Pulse Oximetry
Get PDFThis paper reviews the architectural structure of the main types of pulse oximetry probes. There are two main oximeter types used nowadays. These are the transmittance probes and reflectance probes. The paper compares the design, complexity, reliability and accuracy, with different points of view each. The paper reviewed the various methods used in the measurement of oxygen levels in the human blood. The advantages and drawbacks of each oximeter method have been presented together with the accuracy and domains of use for each technique
قیاس أثر تطبیق مفهوم الآیزو 9001 علي شركات التشیید بالسودا
No full textتناولت هذه الدراسة مقیاس أثر تطبیق مفهوم الایزو 9001 علي أداء صناعة التشیید في السودان .
اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحلیلي بتصمیم إستبیان كأداة لجمع البیانات المطلوبة حول فرضیات البحث.
تم توزیع إستبیان نموذج (أ) على مجموعة من العاملین في القطاع الهندسي ونموذج (ب) على شركات التشیید
لمعرفة مدى إلمامهم بمفهوم نظام الآیزو 9001 ومدى الإلتزام به وأثر تطبیقه .أكدت النتائج أن معظم شركات
التشیید في السودان من العینة التي تمت دراستها لا تطبق نظام الآیزو 9001 ، وعدم إلتزام بعض الشركات التي
حصلت على الشهادة بتجدیدها وبالتالي تسقط عنها. وضحت النتائج أن هنالك ضعف في المعرفة والإلمام بنظام
الآیزو من قبل العاملین في قطاع التشیید ممن شملتهم الدراسة. لوحظ أن الشركات التي حصلت على شهادة الآیزو
001 ل9م تحصل علیها لأغراض دعائیة فقط وإ نما لنیل رضا الزبائن وكسب ثقتهم ولإجراء تغییر جذري وهیكلي في
سیاسة الشركة نحو التمیز والأداء، وللمنافسة في سوق العمل. أشارت النتائج أن تطبیق نظام الآیزو 9001 یعمل
على تلبیة احتیاجات العملاء وتوفیر الوقت والنفقات والموارد ویعطي أداء تشغیلي ذو أخطاء أقل وأرباح أكثر ویحفز
الموظفین على إجراء عملیات اكثر كفاءة وفعالیة ویمكن المؤسسة من التعرف على مدى قوتها وضعفها ویقلل من
عملیات المراقبة مما یزید من ثقة الزبون. و من خلال النتائج لوحظت معوقات لتطبیق نظام الآیزو 9001 منها قلة
المعرفة بهذا النظام وضعف التوعیة في وسائل الإعلام المختلفة بمفهومه وأهمیته، وعدم وجود دورات تدریبة
متخصصة كافیة، وضعف رقابة الأجهزة الحكومیة المختصة. ومن التوصیات التى أقرتها هذه الدراسة الإهتمام
بمجال الآیزو 9001 من حیث الدراسة والبحث والتطبیق والتوعیة، والإرشاد للعاملین في قطاع التشیید بأهمیة مفهوم
الآیزو بتوضیح فوائد تطبیقه ومساوئ عدم التطبیق
Using Vibration Monitoring for Rolling Elements Bearing Inspection
Get PDFIn Khartoum Refinery Company (KRC) Pump 1104B suffers of high vibration level.
Vibration analysis techniques is used to find out the root causes of the pump vibration. The collected data
from the pump indicates high vibration in the pump drive end (DE). After collected data, was uploaded to
software in which set up database of measurement points. Spectrum analysis; was used. The analysis
result indicates that the angular contact bearing in the pump drive end has been failed. During this work
theoretical analysis through mathematical model had been done with the assumption that good bearing
has good oil film damping coefficient to restrict the rolling elements movement while the shaft is rotating.
The comparison between the mathematical analysis and the measuring data was almost similar. The
visual inspection results after bearing box dismantling is angular contact bearing defect that confirmed the
theoretical &software analysis of finding vibration source. These results can lead to apply this
mathematical analysis as prediction tool to evaluate the bearing condition before total damage also can be
applied with the equipment that has no analyzer software because the vibration phenomenon is same.
Keywords: Bearings, Vibration, rolling elements, damping coefficien
Effect of Rest Period on the Buckling of the 304 Stainless Steel under Increasing Loading
Get PDFBuckling plays a very important role in the design of slender columns. When the members are
long, the loading, which is lower than yielding, may be large enough to cause the member to deflect
laterally. It is well established that the mechanical surface treatments, e.g. shot peening, plasma peening
and laser peening are effective method to enhance the resistance of metallic material. In this work, the
main aim is to estimate the optimum improvement of dynamic behavior of medium carbon steel alloy due
to shot peening experimentally. The behavior of rotating arcular column buckling of steel alloy under
compression loading showed significant improvement due to shot peening time (SPT) at 25 mints. Which
gave higher resistance against buckling and increasing the buckling time, after that the improvement tends
to be reduced
A Review of using Data Mining Techniques in Power Plants
Get PDFData mining techniques and their applications have developed rapidly during the last two decades. This paper reviews application of data mining techniques in power systems, specially in power plants, through a survey of literature between the year 2000 and 2015. Keyword indices, articles’ abstracts and conclusions were used to classify more than 86 articles about application of data mining in power plants, from many academic journals and research centers. Because this paper concerns about application of data mining in power plants; the paper started by providing a brief introduction about data mining and power systems to give the reader better vision about these two different disciplines. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the collected articles and classifies them according to three categories: the used techniques, the problem and the application area. From this review we found that data mining techniques (classification, regression, clustering and association rules) could be used to solve many types of problems in power plants, like predicting the amount of generated power, failure prediction, failure diagnosis, failure detection and many others. Also there is no standard technique that could be used for a specific problem. Application of data mining in power plants is a rich research area and still needs more exploration
Use Data Mining Techniques to Identify Parameters That Influence Generated Power in Thermal Power Plant
Get PDFThe goal of this paper is to identify the parameters that influence the amount of power generated by steam power plants. Data mining tools were used to prove that influencing parameters are differ according to the current status of power plant. Waikato environment for Knowledge analysis (Weka) was used for feature selection and building the prediction model. An initial comparison between many algorithms for each data set was reported. Then the prediction model was built using linear regression algorithm, because it shows the highest correlation coefficient between parameters, and minimum errors. The selected model predicts the generated power using all available parameters as predictors. Although this is not a practical method for power prediction, because not all predictors are controllable, but it reflects how much a parameter influence the amount of generated power. Evaluation results of these models were discussed and a detailed analysis sheet was prepared, to prove that data mining is the best way to predict the amount of generated power, and show the health status of steam power plant
Optimum Electrostatic Desalting Efficiency of Alfulla Crude Oil
Get PDFThe main variables that impact the crude oil desalting process were analyzed by
developing mathematical models that represent the variation of Alfulla crude oil density,
conductivity and viscosity as function of different parameters. An increase or decrease of these
parameters has two opposite effects. First, a decrease in oil density and viscosity implies a
significant increase in the settling rate of water to be processed. This decreases equipment
depreciation; on the other hand, crude oil conductivity increases exponentially with some
parameters such as temperature, which implies a higher rate of power consumption. This study
was developed to determine the optimum parameters at which a maximum desalting efficiency
and a maximum economic benefit occurs. It was concluded that the optimum parameters are,
Crude Oil flowrate is 80 % of the feed, Pressure is 1.1 MPa, temperature is 135 0C, amount of
washing water is 3% of the feed, interface level at 580 mm, differential pressure is 60 MPa,
amount of demulsifier is 70 ppm and distributed water is available capacity of the tanks
أثر إضافة صمغ الك ا ریا (الهشاب والكاكاموت) على مكونات الأسفلت جودة الله عثمان سلیمان، عوض الكریم مصطفي محمد، سمیة عبد المنعم
No full textالمستخلص-الهدف من هذا البحث هو دراسة أثر إضافة صمغ الأكاشیا (الكرایا) للأسفلت العادي من حیث العناصر التي یتكون
منها الخلیط ، وعلیه أجري البحث عدد من التجارب علي المواد التي تم إختیارها من المواد المضافة المذكورة ، قبل وبعد خلطها
بالأسفلت بإستعمال ثلاثة أجهزة تعتبر الأحدث الان وهي جهاز إختبار مطیافیة الأشعة فوق الحمراء و جهاز التحلیل العنصري
وجهاز المجهر الإلكتروني النافذ الماسح , هذا وقد تم التعرف بسهولة علي عدم تأثر العناصر الرئیسیة المكونة للأسفلت وهي
الكربون والهایدروجین ، حینما تأثرت العناصر الأخري , و یستفاد من تأثرها تحسن في الخواص الفیزیائیة بعد الخلط علما بأن
العناصر التي زادت نسبتها بعد الخلط هي الأكسجین والسلفر ، وربما یكون ذلك هو السبب في التحسن في الخواص الفیزیائیة ,
مطلوب المزید من الدراس