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Sixth Edition
No full textSoftcover, 17x24This is the sixth edition of a data collection initiative that started in 1993 under the umbrella of the Council of Europe and has been continued since 2000 by an international group of experts. These experts also act as regional
coordinators of a network of national correspondents whose contribution has been decisive in collecting and validating data on a variety of subjects from 42 countries. The Sourcebook is composed of six chapters. The first five cover
the current main types of national crime and criminal justice statistics – police, prosecution, conviction, prison, and probation statistics – for the years 2011 to 2016, providing detailed analysis for 2015. The sixth chapter covers national
victimization surveys, providing rates for the main indicators every five years from 1990 to 2015. As with every new edition of the Sourcebook, the group has tried to improve data quality as well as comparability and, where appropriate,
increase the scope of data collection. This new edition will continue to promote comparative research throughout Europe and make European experiences and data available worldwide.Please refer to page VI:
for Poland, Paweł Ostaszewski was a national correspondent alongside Beata Gruszczynska.
Correctly it should read:
Poland: Beata Gruszczynska and Paweł Ostaszewski, University of Warsaw
Jahrbuch der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. 2019
No full textSoftcover, 15,5x23Mit ihrem Jahrbuch legt die Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen Rechenschaft über ihre Tätigkeit im Jahr 2019 ab. Das Jahrbuch enthält den Tätigkeitsbericht des Präsidenten und die Arbeitsberichte der Forschungsvorhaben, daneben Akademievorträge und Vorträge von Preisträgern. Die neuen Mitglieder stellen sich vor und die verstorbenen werden geehrtWith its Yearbook, the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities gives an account of its activities in 2019. The yearbook contains the activity report of the president and the work reports of the research projects, in addition to academy lectures and lectures by award winners. The new members introduce themselves and the deceased are honored
Advancing the Characterization of Neuronal Cyto-Architecture by X-ray Phase-Contrast Tomography
No full textSoftcover, 17x24To bring physiology and pathology of the human brain into better micro-anatomical and histological context, studies with different methodologies are required. Established techniques such as electron microscopy or histology show limitations in view of invasiveness, labor-intense and artifact-prone sample preparation, as well as an adequate ratio between resolution and volume throughput. For this reason, X-ray phase-contrast tomography (PC-CT) has been proposed as a three-dimensional non-destructive imaging technique, which requires less effort in sample preparation and can assess larger volumes. Furthermore, it offers quantitative electron density based contrast even for unstained tissue. Up to now, however, PC-CT studies fell short in number of samples, so that structural alterations caused by neurodegenerative diseases cannot be distinguished from physiological inter-subject variations.
In this thesis, the scalability of PC-CT with respect to the required number of samples and resolution-to-volume-throughput is demonstrated, and the methodology is advanced with respect to data acquisition, processing and segmentation. In addition to the human cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus are studied. Concerning quantification and analysis of PC-CT data, this work introduces optimal transport analysis to obtain quantitative metrics of the cyto-architecture and to identify changes due to neurodegenerative diseases. For the case of Alzheimer’s disease, this workflow reveals a yet undescribed compactification of granular cells in the human hippocampus. This thesis also provides optimized configurations to study neural tissues with laboratory instrumentation, and – finally – provides new correlative imaging approaches, in particular with scanning electron microscopy
Poetic Texts and Living Tradition
No full textSoftcover, 17x24Yezidis are a religious minority living in Kurdistan as the native land. They also live in Transcaucasia and in other countries as diaspora communities such as Russia and Western Europe and particularly in Germany. Their shared language is Kurmanji-Kurdish dialect. Yezidism is a cultural and religious system based on ancient religious traditions and it has roots in some ancient Iranian religions, Mesopotamian cultures and Sufism. Generally, it is regarded as a way to understand life, not an acquired dogma. In addition, each of monotheism, gnosticism, orthopraxy and the holiness of elements of nature play a central role in its traditions. What is more, its religious beliefs and practices have been preserved through oral traditions, which can be considered as a religious literature that has its own forms and categories such as Qewl, Beyt and Qeside, etc. Lalish which is located in Kurdistan is the Yezidis’ holiest place in the world. This book contains a detailed study of describing and analyzing the considerable role that the elements of nature, notably the four elements: fire, water, earth and air/wind play in Yezidism, in its religious beliefs and practices, and on the basis of the religious poetic texts and living religious traditions. The fieldwork of the study was carried out in Yezidi areas in the Kurdistan region of Iraq which is the centre of their religion.Yezidis are a religious minority living in Kurdistan as the native land. They also live in Transcaucasia and in other countries as diaspora communities such as Russia and Western Europe and particularly in Germany. Their shared language is Kurmanji-Kurdish dialect. Yezidism is a cultural and religious
system based on ancient religious traditions and it has roots in some ancient Iranian religions, Mesopotamian cultures and Sufism. Generally, it is regarded as a way to understand life, not an acquired dogma. In addition, each of monotheism, gnosticism, orthopraxy and the holiness of elements of nature play a central role in its traditions. What is more, its religious beliefs and practices have been preserved through oral traditions, which can be considered as a religious literature that has its own forms and categories such as Qewl, Beyt and Qeside, etc. Lalish which is
located in Kurdistan is the Yezidis’ holiest place in the world. This book contains a detailed study of describing and analyzing the considerable role that the elements of nature, notably the four elements: fire, water, earth and air/wind play in Yezidism, in its religious beliefs and practices, and on the basis of the religious poetic texts and living religious traditions. The fieldwork of the study was carried out in Yezidi areas in the Kurdistan region of Iraq which is the centre of their religion.Ev Vekolîneke bi awayekî têrûtesel rola giring a xweza û elemêntên wê di ola Êzdiyatyê de li ser asta bawer û praktîzê vedikole. Cexitê dikete ser her çar elemêntên xwezayê; agir, av, ax û ba, ku bipîroz dihêne naskirin di Êzdiyatyê de. Piraniya vekolînên li ser Êzdiyatyê hatîne encamdan, tenê amaje bi pîroziya van elemênta dane, lê vekolîneke taybet, tevkir û pispor derbarê rola xweza di bawer û praktîzên jiyana Olî de ne hatiye kirin. Lewra, ev vekolîne dibe bizaveke destpêkî bo pirkirina vî biyavî.
Vekolîn bi pile yek piştbestinê dike ser têkistên hozankî yên olî û teradişnên jiyana olî. Herwsa, çendîn jêderên din jî sûdbexiş bûn, mînak: gotinên olî, keltûra metriyalî ya olî, rêbazên çavdêrîkirinê, hevpeyvînên hemecor û jêderên lawekî. Serbarî hindê, vekolînê bi awayekî serekî rêbazên saloxdan û şirovekarî bi karînane. Li gel vê yekê jî, dîtina Îmîkî (emic) rola xwe di ravekirina teradişinên serzarî yên olî, belgename û keltura metriyalî, htd de digêre. Biyava karê vekolînê, deverên Êzdiya li hirêma Kurdistana Iraqê û bakorê Iraqê vedgire.
Vekolîn ji dû pişka, ku dibine neh çapter, pêk dihê: Pişka yekê, taybet e bi şirovekirina rola elemêntên xweza di bawerên olî yên Êzdiya de, di çarçova çar çaptera de: Ya yekê vekolînê li Nûr (Ronahî) û elemêntên xweza di Xudênasiya Êzdiya de encam dide. Çaptera duyê, rola elemêntên xweza yên pîroz di Afirandina Kinyatê de diyar dike. Çaptera siyê, bal dikişîne ser rola van elemênta di entropognî, afirandin û mirna mirovî de li gorî mîtologiya Êzidiya. Çaptera çarê, rola elemêntên xweza û diyardeyên wan di Talî Dinya yan Talî Zeman de aşkira dike.
Pişka duyê ya terxankiriye ji bo rola elemêntên xweza di piraktîz û helkeftên olî yên Êzdiya de, li jêr pênc çaptara de: Çaptera yekê, rola xweza û her çar elementa di rêkên perestinê de, wekî di perwestebûnê, rê û risimên seredana Lalişê û rojîkirtinê de, xuya dike. Çaptera duyê, ji bo destnîşankirina rola elemêntên xweza li cihên olî de, hatiye danan. Di çaptera siyê de, rola elemêntên xweza di cejin û fîstevalên olî de di maweya her çar werzên salê de, zelal dike. Çaptera çarê, vekolînê li rola elemêntên xweza yên pîroz di nerêt (kestem) ên olî de dike, ji wan jî yên girêdayî rê û risimên derbasbûnê û jiyana rojane ya olî. Herwesa, wan kestemên têkeldarî qedexekirin, bedkarî, tabo, û çareseriyên praktîzî yên olî. Çaptera pêncê, ku dibe çaptera dawiyê ji vekolînê, pêk dihê ji jimareka sîmbol, metiriyal û têgehên olî, ku peywendiyeke rastexwe bi elemêntên xweza yên pîroz ve hene, wekî Beratê, Şerbikê Avê, Çira, htd.
Vekolînê çendîn encamên giring bi destvexistine, ji wan jî; xuya dibe, pîrozkirin û berzragirtina her çar elemêntên xweza li ser bingeha wê têgehê bûye, ku ev elemêntine bûyîne jêderên resen ji bo afrandina tev afrandiya. Zêdebarî hindê, elemêntên xweza û diyardên wan roleke navendî di pir biyavên hemecor bawer, praktîz û helkeftên olî yên Êzidiya de
Interpreting Landscape: Interdisciplinary approaches
No full textSoftcover, 17x24Es gibt keine allgemein gültige und anerkannte Definition, was Landschaft ist. Daher wird der Begriff der Landschaft aufgrund seiner lebensweltlichen, ästhetischen, territorialen, sozialen, politischen, ökonomischen, geographischen, planerischen, ethnologischen und philosophischen Bezüge auch als ein „kompositorischer" Begriff bezeichnet, der von einer über tausendjährigen, mitteleuropäischen Ideen-, Literatur- und Kunstgeschichte geprägt wurde. Dies bedeutet, dass der Begriff „Landschaft" vieldeutig ist und sowohl im wissenschaftlichen Bereich als auch in der Alltagssprache unterschiedlich angewendet wird. Der vorliegende Band bemüht sich, die verschiedenen Ansätze, die sich mit „Landschaft" beschäftigen, vorzustellen. Damit soll keine Vollständigkeit angestrebt, sondern exemplarisch dem interdisziplinären Ansatz des Zentrums für Landschaftsinterpretation und Tourismus (ZELT) Rechnung getragen werden.There is no generally valid, recognised definition of what landscape actually is. On the basis of its relatedness to the environment, to aesthetics, territory, society, politics, economics, geography, planning, ethnology and philosophy, the concept of landscape is considered to be a "composite" notion shaped by a thousand years of Central European ideas and of literary and art history. In other words, the very term "landscape" is ambiguous and it is used in different ways both in the scholarly world and everyday speech. The aim of this volume is to present various possible approaches to the phenomenon of "landscape". Far from laying any claim to be exhaustive or comprehensive we have simply tried to do justice to the overarching interdisciplinary approach of the Zentrum für Landschaftsinterpretation und Tourismus (ZELT: Centre for Landscape Interpretation and Tourism) by singling out and addressing individual instances of this fascinating multifaceted phenomenon
Junge Wissenschaftler*innen aus Indien und ihre biographische Navigation zwischen Gegenwart und Zukunft
No full textSoftcover, 17x24In den vergangenen Jahren ist die Anzahl internationaler Studierender und Wissenschaftler*innen in Deutschland stetig angestiegen. Ausgehend von ihrer ethnologischen Forschung in der Universitätsstadt Göttingen geht Antonie Fuhse der Frage nach, wie junge Wissenschaftler*innen aus Indien ihre multiplen sozialen Verortungen während ihres Studiums beziehungsweise ihrer Promotion aushandelten. Sie setzt sich besonders damit auseinander, welche Rolle Mobilität in der Aushandlung normativer Vorstellungen von der Gestaltung des Lebensverlaufs und der Zukunft spielt.
In diesem Buch wird das Konzept des ‚Regimes der akademischen Mobilität‘ entwickelt und in der Analyse angewandt, um die vielfältigen Akteure, Diskurse und Strukturen herauszustellen, die an der Mobilität von Studierenden und Wissenschaftler*innen beteiligt sind und Ungleichheiten im Zugang zu internationaler Mobilität erzeugen. Die Autorin zeigt, dass Alter, die Herkunft aus der indischen Mittelschicht und Gender in ihrer Interaktion einen großen Einfluss darauf hatten, warum die jungen Wissenschaftler*innen nach Deutschland kamen, welche Erfahrungen sie in Göttingen machten und was sie sich für ihre Zukunft erhofften. Sie stellt heraus, dass die Mobilität auf vielfache Weise mit dem Heiraten verknüpft war, und rückt damit ein Thema in den Fokus, das in der Erforschung internationaler Studierender und Wissenschaftler*innen bisher wenig beachtet wurde.In recent years, the number of international students and researchers in Germany has been continually increasing. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in the university city of Göttingen, Antonie Fuhse asks how early career researchers from India navigate multiple modes of belonging during their master and doctoral studies. The book focuses on the role of mobility in negotiating normative ideas about one’s life course and the future. With the concept of ‘regimes of academic mobility’, Fuhse seeks to highlight the multiple actors, discourses and structures involved in academic mobility and how these create inequalities in access to international mobility. The study shows how age, class, and gender – and the interaction between the three – impact on students’ and researchers’ decisions to go to Germany, their experiences there, and their aspirations for the future. In investigating the multiple ways in which mobility is connected to marriage, Fuhse brings into focus a topic which has been largely neglected in studies of academic mobility
'Erziehung' in erziehungswissenschaftlichen Lexika von 1895 bis 1989
No full textSoftcover, 17x24Was ‚weiß‘ die Disziplin Erziehungswissenschaft zu ‚Erziehung‘ – dem Begriff, der unwidersprochen im Kern erziehungswissenschaftlichen Wissens steht? Die vorliegende Studie fragt zum einen nach den in erziehungswissenschaftlichen Fachlexika aus knapp hundert Jahren tradierten Wissensbeständen zu Erziehung und zum anderen nach der Disziplin, die in diesem Erziehungswissen sichtbar wird. Die das Erziehungswissen konturierenden Wissensbestände werden auf drei Ebenen – (1.) der des rahmenden Lexikons, (2.) der der mit ‚Erziehung‘ verknüpften Explikanda, und (3.) der der konkret dem Gegenstand ‚Erziehung‘ gewidmeten Explikationen – seriell untersucht. Darüber hinaus werden (4.) die in den Explikationen aufgespannten personalen, textuellen und thematischen Referenzräume analysiert. Die quantifizierende Auswertung der Wissensbestände – wie u. a. lexikalische Daten und Metadaten, Daten vorn Herausgebern und Autoren, Wörter, Verweise, Personenennennungen, Zitate und Literaturangaben –, wird kombiniert mit einer qualitativ-inhaltsanalytischen Rekonstruktion von Wissenskonfigurationen, wie sie sich in Vor-, Geleit- und Nachworten sowie in Spitzen- und Grenzformulierungen der Explikationen der Erziehungslemmata zeigen. Herausgearbeitet werden Konjunkturen, (Dis )Kontinuitäten, Aneignungen und Grenzmarkierungen disziplinären Wissens zu ‚Erziehung’ von 1895 bis 1989 – einem Zeitraum, in dem die deutschsprachige Erziehungswissenschaft sich als universitär verankerte, forschende Disziplin institutionalisiert, etabliert, spezialisiert und diversifiziert.What does the discipline of educational science ‚know‘ about ‚education‘ - the term that stands unchallenged at the core of educational knowledge? The present study asks, on the one hand, about the bodies of knowledge on education that has been handed down in disciplinary lexicons from almost a hundred years and, on the other hand, about the discipline that becomes visible in this stored knowledge.
The knowledge stocks contouring educational knowledge are examined serially on three levels. (1.) that of the framing lexicon, (2.) that of the lemma titles associated with ‚education‘, and (3.) that of the explications‘ texts which specifically are devoted to the object of ‚education‘. In addition, (4.) the personal, textual and thematic reference spaces spanned in the explications are analyzed. The quantifying evaluation of the bodies of knowledge - such as lexical data and metadata, data in front of editors and authors, words, references, names, citations, and bibliographical references - is combined with a qualitative content-analytical reconstruction of knowledge configurations as they appear in prefaces and epilogues as well as in the explications of the educational lemmas.
The project will elaborate the conjunctures, (dis)continuities, appropriations, and boundary markings of disciplinary knowledge on ‚education‘ from 1895 to 1989 - a period in which German-language educational science institutionalized, established, specialized, and diversified itself as a university-based, researching discipline
Essays rund um die Humanembryologische Dokumentationssammlung Blechschmidt
No full textSoftcover, 17x24Im Institut für Anatomie der Universitätsmedizin Göttingen befindet sich die Humanembryologische Dokumentationssammlung Blechschmidt, eine medizinische Präparatesammlung mit Lehrausstellung, die aus 61 Embryomodellen besteht. Im Sommersemester 2019 und im Wintersemester 2019/2020 konzipierte eine Gruppe von Masterstudierenden der Kulturanthropologie / Europäischen Ethnologie eine Ausstellung, die Entstehungsgeschichte, Provenienz und gesellschaftliche Relevanz von Sammlung und Ausstellung thematisiert. Dieser Band enthält die Essays der Studierenden, die während der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung und Recherche an der Humanembryologischen Sammlung Blechschmidt entstanden sind.The Blechschmidt collection is a collection of medical preparations used primarily for teaching purposes. Consisting of 61 models of embryos, it is located at the Institute for Anatomy of the Medical Faculty of Göttingen University. Over the course of the summer semester 2019 and the winter semester 2019/2020 a group of cultural anthropology students conceptualized a special exhibition highlighting history, provenance and social relevance of Blechschmidt collection and exhibition.
This volume contains essays by the students involved, that resulted out of scientific discourse and research revolving around the Blechschmidt collection
Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology 24/2019
No full textSoftcover, 17x24The name DGGTB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie; German Society for the History and Philosophy of Biology) reflects recent history as well as German tradition. The Society is a relatively late addition to a series of German societies of science and medicine that began with the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften”, founded in 1910 by Leipzig University’s Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938), who wrote: “We want to establish a ‘German’ society in order to gather German-speaking historians together in our special disciplines so that they form the core of an international society…”. Yet Sudhoff, at this time of burgeoning academic internationalism, was “quite willing” to accommodate the wishes of a number of founding members and “drop the word German in the title of the Society and have it merge with an international society”. The founding and naming of the Society at that time derived from a specifi c set of historical circumstances, and the same was true some 80 years later when in 1991, in the wake of German reunification, the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie” was founded. From the start, the Society has been committed to bringing studies in the history and philosophy of biology to a wide audience, using for this purpose its Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie. Parallel to the Jahrbuch, the Verhandlungen zur Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie has become the by now traditional medium for the publication of papers delivered at the Society’s annual meetings. In 2005 the Jahrbuch was renamed Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology, reflecting the Society’s internationalist aspirations in addressing comparative biology as a subject of historical and philosophical studies
Lehrmaterialien aus dem Diskursverfahren Konfliktfall Demenzvorhersage
No full textSoftcover, 18,6x24In Deutschland sind derzeit ca. 1,7 Mio. Menschen an Demenz erkrankt. In der aktuellen Demenzforschung zeichnet sich ein Paradigmenwechsel bei der Prädiktion, Früherkennung und Diagnose von Demenz ab. Mit dem vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderten Projekt „Entscheidungskonflikt prädiktive Demenz-Diagnostik: Diskursverfahren zu Beratungs- und Ethikkompetenzen mit Stakeholdern und Studierenden“ sind wir, vom Institut für Ethik und Geschichte der Medizin der Universitätsmedizin Göttingen in Kooperation mit dem IEGUS - Institut ungeklärte rechtliche, ethische und soziale Dilemmata im Kontext der Prädiktion angegangen. Um diese Herausforderungen auch für zukünftige Berufstätige zugänglich zu machen sowie eine Sensibilisierung des Themas Demenz zu ermöglichen, haben wir im Projekt ein Lehrkonzept entwickelt. Das Lehrkonzept richtet sich vorrangig an Lehrende und Lernende aus gesundheitsbezogenen Studiengängen und Ausbildungsprogrammen. Hierbei wird vor allem die Vermittlung ethischer und praktischer Fragestellungen der Demenz und der Demenzprädiktion erprobt.In Germany, approximately 1.7 million people currently suffer from dementia. In current dementia research, a paradigm shift is emerging in the prediction, early detection and diagnosis of dementia. With the project "Entscheidungskonflikt prädiktive Demenz-Diagnostik: Diskursverfahren zu Beratungs- und Ethikkompetenzen mit Stakeholdern und Studierenden" (Decision Conflict in Predictive Dementia Diagnostics: Discourse Procedures on Counseling and Ethical Competencies with Stakeholders and Students), funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), we from the Institute for Ethics and History of Medicine at the University Medical Center Göttingen, in cooperation with the IEGUS - Institute, addressed unresolved legal, ethical and social dilemmas in the context of prediction. In order to make these challenges accessible to future professionals as well as to raise awareness of the topic of dementia, we have developed a teaching concept in the project. The teaching concept is primarily aimed at teachers and learners from health-related courses of study and training programs. In particular, the teaching of ethical and practical issues of dementia and dementia prediction will be tested.
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