IUB Journals (Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
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حضرت ابراہیم علیہ السلام کے والد سے مکالمہ میں ادب الاختلاف کے اصول : Principles of "Adab al-Ikhtilaf" in the Dialogue Between Prophet Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) and His Father
No full textThe discussions between Prophet Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) and his father serve as exemplary demonstrations of the highest principles of Adab al-Ikhtilaf (ethics of disagreement). These dialogues reflect the Prophet’s profound wisdom, compassion, and respect as he invited his father to the truth, establishing a standard of admirable conduct in the face of differences. Prophet Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) began the conversation with the affectionate phrase, "O my father," setting a tone of love and reverence from the outset. Rather than outrightly condemning his father’s beliefs, Prophet Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) used reasoned arguments and logical questions to present his perspective, seeking to persuade him through wisdom and understanding. He refrained from harshness or confrontation, instead maintaining patience and composure throughout the exchange. Even when his father rejected his message with intensity, Prophet Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) respectfully concluded the discussion and prayed for his father, demonstrating goodwill and affection despite the disagreement. These interactions underscore the fundamental principles of Adab al-Ikhtilaf: gentleness, wisdom, logical reasoning, patience, and the spirit of prayer. Prophet Ibrahim’s (علیہ السلام) approach provides timeless guidance for handling disagreements constructively, especially in contemporary contexts of interfaith and interـsect dialogues. His conduct imparts valuable lessons in fostering mutual understanding and respect, even amidst differing beliefs or perspectives
حافظ ابنِ حجر عسقلانی ؒ کا نظریہ قراءت ’’فتح الباری ‘‘ کے تناظر میں:ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ: Ḥāfiẓ Ibn Ḥajar Asqalānī's Theory of Recitation (Qirāʾat) in the Context of Fatḥ al-Bārī: An analytical study
No full textFor the convenience of the Muslim Ummah, Allāh Almighty has revealed His great book Qurʾān on “sabʿah aḥruf” (seven letters). All these recitations are definitively and surely the Qurʾān. And the whole Ummah is unanimous on this matter that the present “Qirāʾāt ʿAsharah” are among the “Sabʿah Aḥruf” and they are accepted by the Ummah. Since the knowledge of Qirāʾāt is a magnificent knowledge, therefore, in every age, the religious scholars of the Ummah have argued in their own way about the proof and defense of Qirāʾāt.
The scholars of Sunnah have established permanent chapters in their books. In particular, Imām Muḥammad bin Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī has brought eight Aḥādīth under the book Kitāb al-Faḍāʾil, and other chapters in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, which serve as a clear argument for his strong position regarding recitation. Similarly, the commentators of ḥadīth have also explained this point of view. Ḥāfiẓ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī is one of the greatest supporters of Qirāʾāt al-Mutawātirah. He has stated his firm position on the ḥadīth of Sabʿah Aḥruf in Fatḥ al-Bārī, Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. He has also described the viewpoints of various scholars.
In this article, a full effort will be made to prove his position with arguments and details. The research style of the paper is descriptive and analytical. The paper is decorated with findings, recommendations, and summary and conclusion.
جین مت : تاریخ،عقائد اور اخلاقی تعلیمات کا اجمالی تعارف: Jainism: A Brief Introduction, Historical Doctrinal, Beliefs and Ethical Teaching
No full textJainism, is one of the most seasoned religions on the planet, began in India around the sixth century BCE. Established in the teachings of the Tirthankaras, especially Mahavira (599-527 BCE), it emphasizes peacefulness (Ahimsa), truth (Satya), non-possessiveness (Aparigraha), and self-restraint. Jainism rejects the concept of a creator and spotlights on self-freedom through spiritual purity and asceticism. Historically, Jainism evolved development with Buddhism and Hinduism, shaping India's spiritual and philosophical landscape. Separated into two fundamental factions — Digambara (sky-clad) and Svetambara (white-clad) — Jains follow thorough ethical and monastic customs. Their sacred texts, the Agamas, provide guidance on conduct, cosmology, and metaphysical beliefs. The basic teachings of Jainism conclude around the doctrine of karma and reincarnation, where soul is responsible for its destiny. A definitive goal is to attain Moksha (freedom) by eliminating karmic bondage through ethical living, meditation, and self-restraint. Jains practice strict vegetarianism, avoid harm to all living beings, and emphasize truthfulness and self-control. Morally, Jainism has evolved with modern challenges while maintaining its core principles. This article explores Jainism's historical turn of events, significant beliefs, moral evolution, and the further philosophical insights that have permitted it to get by for centuries. Understanding Jainism provides significant lesson on peaceful concurrence, self-discipline, and an amicable lifestyle
Data Enhancing Cybersecurity through Botnet Security Isolation for Smart IoT Devices: A Deep Learning Approach
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The Internet of Things (IoT) sector continues to expand rapidly to connect more than billions of devices throughout healthcare settings as well as transportation domains and smart residential spaces. Amazing network connectivity affords IoT systems to multiple security problems especially through botnet attacks that utilize illegally gained control over IoT devices to carry out harmful operations. Security solutions from the past struggle to stop and address these attacks because IoT devices present various resource limitations together with their diverse operational characteristics. The proposed research presents a deep learning botnet detection system for IoT networks by applying Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) together with Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTMs) and Autoencoders for analyzing IoT traffic patterns. The models received training using Bot-IoT dataset to find their optimal performance through accuracy and precision and recall and F1-score evaluations. CNN generates better results than other examined models by achieving 94% accuracy while LSTM obtains 92% and Autoencoder provides 88%. The research established CNN as the best model for traditional botnet detection yet LSTM showed exceptional capability in detecting temporal patterns and Autoencoder achieved the best results for identifying new botnet traffic types. The system displays encouraging performance however it encounters technical challenges because of its issues with processing real-time data and model scalability issues as well as unbalanced IoT datasets. According to research findings deep learning models specifically Convolutional Neural Networks demonstrate substantial potential for enhancing botnet detection but ongoing research must focus on performance enhancement techniques for realistic ecosystem deployment and handling various IoT network configurations and scalability considerations.
 
Circular Economy and Climate Change: Reducing Waste to Promote Sustainability and Resilience
Full text linkObjective: The transition to a circular economy is essential for addressing climate change and promoting sustainable living by reducing waste and greenhouse gas emissions.
Research Gap: Although there is significant literature on the importance of circular economy activities in the industrial and manufacturing sectors, there is a noticeable lack in study into how university students understand and implement these practices. Most existing paradigms fail to account for how student understanding and behavioral intentions influence grassroots sustainability efforts, particularly in educational settings. Furthermore, little thought has been given to how the media framing of environmental concerns effects students' perspectives and engagement. This study addresses this gap by concentrating on the student population, employing Framing Theory, and quantitatively evaluating the linkages between circular behaviors, waste reduction, and climate resilience.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Using a quantitative research approach and a descriptive-correlational design, the study collected data from a stratified sample of students to examine their awareness, behaviors, and perceptions regarding circular economy principles.
Theoretical / Practical Implications of the Findings: Findings indicate a significant positive correlation between students’ adoption of circular practices and their contribution to waste reduction and resource efficiency. Results highlight students’ potential to act as key agents of change in promoting sustainability, with reductions in waste and improved climate resilience observed in their communities.
Originality/Value: This study underscores the importance of integrating circular economy concepts into educational frameworks to foster sustainable behaviors and policy recommendations for broader implementation.
Findings indicate a significant positive correlation between students’ adoption of circular practices and their contribution to waste reduction and resource efficiency. Results highlight students’ potential to act as key agents of change in promoting sustainability, with reductions in waste and improved climate resilience observed in their communities. This study underscores the importance of integrating circular economy concepts into educational frameworks to foster sustainable behaviors and policy recommendations for broader implementation.
Key Words: Circular Economy, Climate Change, Sustainability, Resilienc
The Gwadar Conundrum: Navigating the Concerns and Prospects of China's Presence
Full text linkThe Indian Ocean region has emerged as a critical geopolitical hub in the 21st century, driven by global transformations and shifting security paradigms that necessitate enhanced maritime capabilities among regional stakeholders. China's investment in Gwadar, Pakistan, has cemented its all-weather friendship, amidst geopolitical rivalries and regional challenges. Gwadar's strategic location at the mouth of the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf makes it a critical node for energy corridors and economic hubs. However, this development project faces opposition from regional and global actors, including the US and India, who harbour concerns about China's growing influence and potential security threats. Baloch leaders also express reservations, fearing marginalization and environmental degradation. Despite these challenges, the project presents opportunities for enhanced economic cooperation between South and Central Asia, thereby bolstering Pakistan's economy and supporting China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This paper will examine the implications of China's presence in Gwadar, exploring the geopolitical dynamics, regional security concerns, and economic potential, to provide insights into the future of Pakistan-China relations and regional developments. The study has applied the exploratory, qualitative, and analytical research methodology.
Keywords: China, Gwadar, BRI, US, India
Assessing Workplace Harassment Practices and Violence: A Case Study of Working Women in Bahawalpur District
Full text linkWorkplace harassment and violence remain pervasive yet underexplored challenges, particularly within patriarchal societies where structural inequalities constrain women’s autonomy and mobility. Despite increasing global advocacy for gender equity exemplified by movements such as #MeToo; such issues continue to affect women across professional sectors in many developing countries. This study investigates the multifaceted impact, social, economic, and psychological of workplace harassment experienced by women in the Bahawalpur District of Pakistan. The research aims to identify the forms and frequency of harassment, evaluate its psychological, social, and professional consequences, assess the level of awareness regarding legal protections (particularly the Protection Against Harassment of Women at the Workplace Act, 2010), examine coping strategies, and analyse the effectiveness of institutional responses and preventive mechanisms. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 female employees from both public and private institutions. Thematic analysis revealed recurring instances of verbal and physical harassment, often shaped by gendered power dynamics, socio-economic inequalities, and religious identity. While participants expressed general awareness of their rights, they reported a lack of institutional support and limited capacity to seek redress due to entrenched male dominance within workplace hierarchies. Furthermore, familiarity with relevant legal protections was minimal, and formal training on complaint mechanisms was largely absent. The findings highlight the urgent need for institutional reforms, enhanced legal literacy, and the implementation of zero-tolerance policies to ensure safe and equitable work environments for women in Pakistan.
Keyword: Harassment, Sexual harassment, Violence, Working women, Workplace.
عصرِ حاضر میں مسلم علماء کی فکری و سماجی ذمہ داریاں: ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ: Intellectual and Social Responsibilities of Muslim Scholars in the Contemporary Era: A Research Study
No full textThis research study explores the intellectual and social responsibilities of Muslim scholars in the contemporary era, focusing on their role in guiding the Muslim Ummah amidst modern-day challenges. In a rapidly evolving global environment characterized by ideological conflicts, technological advancements, and sociopolitical changes, the ulama (religious scholars) are expected to serve not only as preservers of religious knowledge but also as reformers, educators, and active contributors to societal harmony and development.
The study highlights the historical role of scholars in shaping Islamic thought and society, and then examines how their responsibilities have expanded in response to current issues such as secularism, moral decline, political instability, and youth disconnection from religious values. Using a qualitative methodology based on classical texts, contemporary writings, and case studies, the research aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the dynamic role of scholars today.
Key findings suggest that Muslim scholars must balance tradition with innovation, engage with modern disciplines, promote social justice, and address the spiritual and intellectual needs of diverse communities. The study concludes with recommendations for educational reform, institutional development, and community engagement to empower scholars in fulfilling their roles more effectively
مکی و مدنی مواخات اور جدید اسلامی معاشرتی تنظیم کی تشکیل: The Religious Brotherhood and the formation of modern Islamic social organization
No full textFor the welfare and improvement of the human race, various instructions and ideas have been presented since the beginning of the world, based on which the purpose of the creation of humanity has been clear. Allah Almighty has sent His Prophets and Messengers for this purpose. And assigned to them the task of the unity of the world, which they performed in the best way for the promotion of world peace, but the great success achieved as a result of the efforts of Prophet Muhammad Mustafaﷺ, is unprecedented in history. Among the measures taken by the Prophet ﷺ for the peace of the world is the relationship of brotherhood, which is a reflection of the character and teachings of the Prophet ﷺ. The basis of brotherhood established by the Prophetﷺ is the relationship of faith between people, on the other hand, all the foundations of brotherhood are the weakest and have a limited scope. The main motivation of the Muwakhat relationship, whether Makki or Madani, was to highlight the potential of Muslims and make them active citizens of the society so that they could perform their duties as peaceful citizens by utilizing their abilities. Contract of Muwakhat awakened such a spirit of unity and unity among the Muslims that they were considered as the great power of their time. With this thought of the Prophet, the society found an excellent system under which in the early golden age of Islam, Islamic in all respects. The foundations could be strengthened and this theory of thought will remain a torch for the security of world peace for the rest of the world.
Beyond the Filter: Social Media Use and Youth Mental Health in a Developing Economy
No full textObjective:This study investigates the impact of social media use on youth mental health in Pakistan, focusing on the relationship between excessive engagement with visually driven platforms and adverse psychological outcomes, including depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and sleep disturbances.
Research Gap: While prior studies have examined the link between social media use and mental health, most are concentrated in high-income countries. There is a lack of context-specific evidence from developing economies like Pakistan, where sociocultural factors may uniquely shape digital behaviors and mental health outcomes.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Using primary survey data from 400 respondents in Pakistan, the study employs binary logit and OLS regression models to analyze the relationship between social media use and mental health indicators.
The Main Findings: The results show that excessive use of visually driven platforms such as TikTok and Instagram is significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms, lower self-esteem, and shorter sleep duration.
Theoretical / Practical Implications of the Findings:The findings underscore the need for policy-driven interventions, such as digital literacy programs, regulated screen time, and digital mental health support, to promote healthier and more mindful social media engagement among youth in Pakistan.
Originality/Value:This study contributes novel, context-specific insights from a developing country perspective, highlighting how sociocultural dynamics influence the psychological effects of social media. It adds to the limited empirical literature on digital well-being in South Asia and offers practical recommendations for intervention