IUB Journals (Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
Not a member yet
1566 research outputs found
Sort by
China’s Soft Power Elements: Analysing Trends and Diplomatic Trajectories
No full textSoft power, as defined by Joseph Nye, refers to the capacity of a state to shape others’ behaviour and perceptions through appeal and persuasion rather than coercion. Chinese soft power strategy encompasses various elements, such as cultural diplomacy, such as establishment of Confucius Institutes to promote language and cultural exchange worldwide, technology and innovation diplomacy, health diplomacy, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, infrastructure diplomacy, notably through its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and climate diplomacy in order to enhance China’s global influence. In response, the United States is strengthening bilateral relations, increasing economic and development assistance, engaging in cultural and educational diplomacy, as well as military cooperation and multilateral engagement in the Indo-Pacific. However, China’s soft power faces substantial obstacles, including its authoritarian political structure and human rights concerns, which generate scepticism among democratic states, policymakers, and academics, and could impede its ability to foster a positive global image. By assessing these diverse facets of China’s soft power, this research provides critical insights into how Beijing positions itself as a global leader in the 21st century. It also examines how this challenge to traditional Western dominance may shape the future of international relations.
Keywords: Soft Power, China, Cultural Diplomacy, Belt and Road Initiative, Challenges
Antibiotic resistance trends in UTI-causing E. coli
No full textThe aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of multi-drug resistance E coli in urinary
tract infection patients visiting the General Medicine Department at Pakistan Institute of
Medical Sciences. During the course of six months, a total of eight hundred urine samples
were taken from both indoor and outdoor patients attending the PIMS laboratory. Of these
samples, 150 tested positives for urinary tract infections. After that, these samples were
examined utilizing various culture media. Urine samples were cultured on CLED Agar media
to determine the presence of bacteria, and then the biochemical test API 10, which is often
used to identify gram negative bacteria, was performed. After bacterial growth was observed
in the samples, MHA medium was added to determine the antibiotics' sensitivity or
susceptibility using an antibiotic disc. Following that, the results were documented, with over
three medications exhibiting resistance to the tested antibiotics being ruled out as MDR. Fifty
samples were not MDR, while 100 out of 150 samples were positive for MDR.
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (74.7%), Cefepime (70%) and levofloxacin (62.7%) exhibited the
highest resistance among the agents tested, whereas Fosfomycin (15.3%), amikacin (16%) and
tazobactam (18.7%) showed the lowest resistance. The other examined medicines in the
current investigation included ceftriaxone 43.3%, ampicillin 54%, cefepime 70%, sulbactam
24.7%, and cotraimaxloe 47.3%. Resistance to norfloxacin is 54% and Fosfomycin is 15.3%,
respectivel
Integrating Modern Disciplines into Madrasa Education: Assessing the Imperatives, Overcoming the Barriers, and Charting Implementable Strategies : دینی مدارس میں عصری علوم کی شمولیت،ضرورت ، اہمیت ، تحدیات اورعملی اقدامات
No full textReligious seminaries (madaris) in the Indian subcontinent have been a cornerstone of the region's intellectual tradition, playing a pivotal role for centuries in preserving and promoting Islamic sciences. However, the evolving demands of the modern age, coupled with socio-economic challenges and a technology-driven global landscape, have rendered it imperative to thoughtfully integrate contemporary disciplines such as the social sciences, natural sciences, and information technology into the curricula of these institutions. This paper examines the rationale behind incorporating modern sciences into madrasa education, exploring its potential religious, social, and economic benefits. It also investigates the extent to which innovation can be introduced while preserving the existing educational framework. Furthermore, the study identifies key intellectual, financial, institutional, and ideological challenges hindering this integration and proposes practical measures to address them. The studt will answer these questions:
What is the religious (Shariah) and educational status of integrating modern sciences into madrasa curricula?
What potential benefits can madaris and society at large derive from this inclusion?
What challenges do madaris face in this process?
What actionable recommendations can be considered to overcome these challenges?
The research employs a qualitative approach, including a systematic review of relevant literature, interviews with education experts and madrasa administrators, and a case study analysis of existing models (e.g., Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband, Jamia-tur-Rashid, and other prominent seminaries)
The Entrepreneurial inclination among local community; Implications of gender difference in hunting opportunities
No full textEntrepreneurship has globally recognized as engine to accelerate economic growth, generation of new business activity, poverty alleviation, human capital development, and most robust instrument to improve the quality of life. Present study was aimed to discuss entrepreneurial inclination among local community. Study was proposed to empirically give a better understanding about the role of gender difference in hunting entrepreneurial opportunities. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to collect data from 372 respondents in urban Faisalabad, Pakistan. Results confirmed that men and women were different in hunting entrepreneurial opportunities. Men were comparatively having higher entrepreneurial inclination in hunting opportunities. Most of the entrepreneur(s) were using social networking in development of the entrepreneurial ideas. Finally, it is argued that there is need to enhance social mobilization and social integration to explore the hidden potential for enhancing the pool of potential and sustainable entrepreneurs.
Keywords; Entrepreneurship, Social, Economic, Inclinatio
Is Bible OR Quran God Word? A Socioeconomic Analysis of Alcohol Consumption
No full textAcross the globe, more than 55% people belong only to the three Abrahamic faiths. Among the follower of Abrahamic faith Jews and Christian consider Bible, while Muslims consider the Noble Quran as the true Word of God. A possibility arises that which one among these competing claims represents the true Word of God? The purpose of this article is not to raise a piece of controversy but rather it is motivated by the desire to enlighten the followers of Abrahamic faith who in various part of the globe live together as a fellow neighbours and countrymen. In addition, this study intends to identify the correct ideology for the guidance and healing of humanity. To test these competing, this study raised the issue of alcoholic drinks because drinking alcohol is linearly associated to numerous socioeconomic ills. Only in the USA, the overall anticipated economic burden of excessive alcohol consumption was estimated as $223.5 billion. This study observed that on one side Bible states that God is omniscient while on the other side Bible encourage the consumption of alcohol (mother evil) in their day-to-day affairs as well as in their religious festival. If we accept all those verses which claims that God is omniscient then the verses which encourage the consumption of alcohol (mother evil) emerges as wrong and fake (Apocrypha). In addition, this study observed that violence and corruption will prevail in the absence of necessity element in Islamic legislation. Therefore, the third and final recommendation of the study is that the necessity element in Islamic legislation must be preserved and protected not only on individual basis but also on state level through ordering the virtuous and eliminating the evil and wrong
The Metaphysical Aesthetics in Islam: Examining Pleasures of Paradise in Islamic Traditions with reference to Sensory Experience in this World
No full textIn Islam, the metaphysical aesthetic investigates the nexus between beauty, aesthetics, and spirituality, and how beauty and aesthetics can help people connect with the divine. One of its prime examples is the ultimate beauty and perfection of paradise in the form of exquisite gardens, magnificent architecture, and splendid sceneries. The purpose of this academic work is a) to demonstrate the key concepts in Islamic metaphysical aesthetic and its role in connecting with divine. b) to examine the nature of pleasures of paradise with respect to their sensation in this world. c) to conduct comparative analysis between worldly and heavenly pleasures on qualitative and quantitative grounds. Qualitative and descriptive research approach is employed in this work. The data is primarily collected from the original sources of Islam (Quran and Sunnah) and is analyzed by content analysis and comparative analysis techniques. The review of literature concludes that beauty and pleasures of paradise motivate believers to strengthen their faith, improve their ethics and connect with divine. The sensory experience of pleasures of Paradise in this world is revealed and highlighted in Islamic tradition. Moreover, the believers will enjoy different types of eternal pleasures in Paradise such as physical, spiritual, emotional, social, and aesthetical. However, the most superb experience will be the spiritual one, where believers will connect with the divine on a deep and intimate level. The comparative analysis uncovers that the worldly and heavenly pleasures are different in nature, source, quality, and quantity. The pleasures of Paradise have qualitative and quantitative preferences over the worldly pleasures. Muslim scholars should promote the appreciation and preservation of Islamic metaphysical aesthetics on both: theoretical and practical grounds. It can be done using different means such as research, art, architecture, electronic and print media etc
قرآن مجید میں مذکور موجود اقوام میں سے یہودیوں کے تہذیبی مطالعہ کی عصری معنویت : The Contemporary Relevance of the civilizational Study of the Jewish Community Mentioned in the Qur’an
No full textThe Qur'an’s discourse on past nations is not merely a historical narration; rather, it serves as a comprehensive intellectual and moral framework for understanding human civilizations, their social patterns, and the consequences of their ethical deviations. Among these nations, the Children of Israel occupy a significant position, as the Qur’an presents their religious, social, and cultural characteristics with notable depth and detail. This article explores the contemporary relevance of the Qur’anic portrayal of the Jewish community by analyzing how their historical experiences, moral challenges, and collective behaviors offer valuable lessons for modern societies, particularly the Muslim world.
The study conducts a comparative analysis between the Qur’anic narrative of Jewish civilization and contemporary global realities, including modern Jewish thought, Zionist ideology, and prevailing socio-political trends. The research highlights that the behavioral patterns emphasized in the Qur’ansuch as distortion of scripture, moral and intellectual dishonesty, excessive materialism, ethnocentrism, socio-political fragmentation, and spiritual declineare not merely historical phenomena but continue to manifest in various forms across modern civilizations. This makes the Qur’anic discourse profoundly relevant to current discussions on cultural identity, civilizational ethics, and societal reform.
The article concludes that the Qur’anic study of the Jewish community provides a timeless analytical framework, enabling contemporary Muslim societies to critically reflect upon their own moral and institutional weaknesses. It further establishes that understanding these Qur’anic lessons is essential not only for interpreting historical patterns but also for constructing an ethically conscious and culturally resilient future
شریعت ِاسلامیہ اور جدید میڈیکل ایتھکس:مطابقت اور اخلاقی اصولوں کی ہم آہنگی: An Analytical Study of Ethical Compatibility between Islamic Shariah and Modern Biomedical Ethics
No full textARTICLE INFO
Article History:
Received:
25-11- 2025
Revised:
29-11- 2025
Accepted:
30-11- 2025
Online:
01-12- 2025
This research paper explores the ethical and jurisprudential relationship between Islamic Shariah and Modern Biomedical Ethics, analyzing their compatibility and convergence in guiding medical practice and health systems. The study highlights that Islamic medical ethics, rooted in divine revelation and Maqasid al-Shariah (objectives of Islamic law), provide a comprehensive moral framework that complements the four foundational principles of modern bioethics — beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice. Islamic teachings, while upholding these values, integrate them with the higher objectives of preserving life (hifz al-nafs), maintaining dignity, and ensuring spiritual well-being. The research also demonstrates how the Qur’anic injunctions such as “la darar wa la dirar” (no harm, no reciprocating harm) and “wa la tulqu bi’aydikum ila al-tahlukah” (do not throw yourselves into destruction) align with global patient safety protocols and risk management strategies defined by WHO. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the holistic nature of Islamic medical ethics, which address physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions of health, making it deeply compatible with the modern concept of Holistic Care. Hence, Islamic Shariah does not stand in opposition to modern biomedical ethics but rather provides a divinely anchored moral and humanistic paradigm that transforms medicine into an act of worship, compassion, and social welfare
On Exogeneity of Savings in Feldstein-Horioka Equation: The Case of Pakistan
Full text linkThe study attempts to estimate Feldstein-Horioka (hereafter, FH) equation taking into account the data driven structural breaks and testing exogeneity of savings in estimated FH-equation in case of Pakistan. Primary findings are: a) to avoid spurious relation using appropriate methods, the elasticity of saving highlights the fact of high capital mobility in Pakistan during the stipulated period (1960-2020); b) we found no evidence of cointegration between domestic savings and investment; c) the estimated FH-equation reveals that domestic savings is weakly exogenous (hereafter, WeExt); d) domestic savings cause investment in Granger sense and hence confirm that it is strongly exogenous (hereafter, StExt); e) super exogeneity (hereafter, SupExt) of savings holds which reflects that the conventional Lucas critique is not validate in Pakistan. Lastly, several post estimation diagnostic tests are well documented
العنصريّة في ميزان الإسلام والفكر الغربي المعاصر: Racism in the Balance of Islam and Western Thought
Full text linkThis article will address the most prominent aspects of racism in Western thought. We have chosen four areas as examples, not an exhaustive list, which are as follows:1- Racial discrimination in employment: Statistics conducted by Western institutions reveal that unemployment rates among Muslims and Black individuals in some Western countries are notably high, painting a grim picture of their situation.2- Racism in education: Non-governmental statistics indicate that Black children and Muslim children face disproportionately higher rates of school expulsions in Western societies.3- Racial discrimination in housing: Muslims and Black individuals often encounter obstacles and difficulties in obtaining decent housing.4- Racial discrimination in healthcare: Statistics reveal that maternal mortality rates among Black women are significantly higher than those of other groups