IUB Journals (Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
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Proof of the miracles of poetry from Surahs and Mushaf.: سورتوں ومصحف سے نظم کے اعجاز کاثبوت
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The miraculous eloquence of the Qur'an has been a subject of fascination and contemplation for centuries. This paper explores the poetic marvels found within the structure and composition of Qur'anic Surahs and the Mushaf as a whole. By examining the literary harmony, rhythmic patterns, semantic coherence, and thematic connectivity among the Surahs, the research highlights how the Qur'an, without conforming to traditional Arabic poetry or prose, presents an unparalleled mode of expression.
The study provides a linguistic and rhetorical analysis of selected Surahs to demonstrate how the divine text embodies a unique form of nazm (coherent order), which not only transcends literary norms but also establishes a spiritual rhythm that resonates with listeners and readers alike. The arrangement of verses, the balance of sound and meaning, the recurrence of themes, and the deliberate placement of words contribute to the inimitable nature of the Qur'anic discourse.
Furthermore, the Mushaf’s compilation is shown not as a random collection but as a structured textual miracle, where thematic unity and internal connections between Surahs reflect divine wisdom. These elements serve as intrinsic proof of the Qur'an's inimitability (iʿjāz), emphasizing that the power of its language lies not just in content but in its magnificent form.
This abstract thus aims to reaffirm that the Qur’an’s composition stands as an enduring literary miracle—surpassing human capacity and remaining unmatched in both depth and beauty.
Keywords: Qur’an, Surahs, Mushaf, poetic structure, iʿjāz al-Qurʾān, coherence (nazm), literary miracle, rhetorical beaut
Cost analysis of oral antihypertensive tablet brands in Pakistan
No full textAbstract
Hypertension is a major cause of death worldwide, accounting for 12.8% of all deaths and
53.7% of disability-adjusted life years. It affects over 40% of the population and incurs
significant healthcare costs, with over half allocated to prescription drugs. Low adherence to
antihypertensive medication is a significant issue, with pricing disparities across
manufacturers and physicians' lack of knowledge about treatment costs. The expensive generic
medicine is often less effective than its less-priced counterpart. This study aimed to analyze
cost variation among brands of oral antihypertensive formulations available in Pakistan. Data
were entered into Microsoft Excel 2013 after collection calculations were made for cost ratio
and percentage cost variance. Specific medicine costs were evaluated by several companies.
Analysis of price fluctuation % has been done. The % cost variation and cost ratio of different
categories of antihypertensive drugs in the same dosage form and strength that are available in
Pakistan by using the % cost variation and cost ratio formula. This study examined the cost of
eight classifications of antihypertension drugs, including calcium channel blockers, beta
blockers, ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin antagonists, Diuretics, Alpha-blockers, Renin
Inhibitors, and Centrally acting drugs. ACE inhibitors had cost differences of 191- 864%.
Angiotensin antagonists demonstrated 75- 700%. The examination of calcium channel
blockers indicated a lowest price of PKR 2.34 per tablet for diltiazem 30 mg and a high price
of PKR 41.50 per tablet for nifedipine 30 mg. Beta-blockers exhibited a price variance from
83.3- 1250%. Centrally acting medications, exemplified by methyldopa, varied from 2.12 to
12.2. Finally, diuretics and alpha-blockers had considerable price variability, with
spironolactone ranging from 4.80 to 24 PKR per tablet and doxazosin from 6 to 78.40 PKR
per tablet. Among the all classes of hypertensive drugs furosemide from the diuretic class was
found the lowest cost variation. Furosemide cost was 0.5 PKR per tablet, cost variation of
50%, and propranolol 40mg from the class of beta blockers found the highest cost variation
which was 1250%. The study compared antihypertensive medication brands in Pakistan,
providing valuable insights into accessibility and cost characteristics. The findings can assist
patients and healthcare professionals in choosing affordable options for hypertensio
Pre - Colonial African Gender Behavioral Flexibility And The Psyche Of Womanhood In Culture And Millitary Dexterity
Get PDFIn Africa before the advent of white men and subsequent colonization of African Kingdoms and the imposition of new orientations of colonial masters , Africa had their own unique way of life , culture and way of doing things. This reflected in the culture and language of the people and the attendant behavioral dispositions of the people. These dispositions were inclusive of gender perceptions and its relatedness. There was no societal fixation as to particular exploits that women could or could not make. As it were, the societies were gender neutral. There were therefore women who rose in different kingdoms and societies to make military exploits and exploits in governance amongst others that reflected the psychological and behavioral disposition of the people and societies.
This paper brings to fore, gender disposition as reflected in the culture , politics , governance amongst other societal activities. The paper further argues that the slave trade across the continent notwithstanding, the inherent behavioral tendencies of the people as regards gender manifested itself among the slaves taken to the new world such as the Americas, which found women being in the forefront of militant agitations and actions not only to free slaves but for race equality with the others in the new societies. And further concluded that the new call for gender equality in societies, Africa inclusive , was what was operational in Africa before colonialism , shoving Africa to retrogression in gender equality advancement as one of the major impact of European colonization.
Key Words: Androgyny, Gender, Behavioral, Flexibility, Dexterity , Social Order
Fiscal and Monetary Policy, Energy Consumption, and CO2 Emissions: Unveiling the Green Impact of Liberalization in Pakistan
Get PDFObjective: The paramount aim of this study was to determine the influence of fiscal policy, monetary policy, and energy consumption on CO2 emissions in Pakistan before and after liberalization.
Research Gap: None of the earlier studies to date have been organized to examine the influence of contractionary and expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, along with energy consumption and trade liberalization, on carbon emissions in Pakistan. This study contributes to the literature by determining the influence of fiscal policy, monetary policy, and energy consumption on CO2 emissions with reference to liberalization in Pakistan.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study utilizes the correlated component regression methodology, which is more suitable for multicollinear data sets.
The Main Findings: Our findings illustrate that contractionary fiscal and monetary policies have an inverse influence on CO2 emissions during the pre-liberalization, with the former being insignificant and the latter significant. In the pre-liberalization period, expansionary fiscal policy has a significant and positive influence on carbon emissions, whereas expansionary monetary policy affects carbon emissions positively but insignificantly. In the post-liberalization period, both contractionary fiscal and monetary policies have a negative effect on CO2 emissions, while expansionary fiscal and monetary policies positively affect CO2 emissions. Electricity, oil, and coal consumption also have a positive influence on CO2 emissions during the pre- and post-liberalization periods, whereas the effect of natural gas consumption on carbon emissions is positive only in the pre-liberalization.
Theoretical / Practical Implications of the Findings: Based on our findings, the government should raise environment-related expenditures through expansionary fiscal and monetary policies to achieve fair and sustainable economies with low carbon emissions. The expansionary fiscal policy would be focused on green budgeting with special emphasis on environmental protection, targeting renewable energy, and promoting green infrastructure in manufacturing
The Economic Landscape: Circumnavigating Global Challenges in a Post-Pandemic World
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic had a severe blow to the global economies in the 2019-20s, and the repercussions are still reverberating in 2024. Moreover, Inflationary pressures, unemployment, disruption in the global supply chain, and environmental issues have cast a shadow over the global economies. To navigate these uncertainties, the government must urgently formulate effective economic policies. Understanding these issues and their long-run implications is crucial to frame a more resilient and sustainable framework
جامعہ سطح کی طالبات کے اخلاق و کردار کی اصلاح: اُمہات المومنین کی سیرت کی روشنی میں: Reforming of Morality and Character of University Level Female Students: In the Searah of Ummahat ul Momeneen
No full textIt is necessary to reform of moral values among the university level female students individual as well as social for creation a good and prosperous society. As a Muslim we have role for protection our values and traditions. This article studies the Searah of Ummahat ul Momeneen for moral and character building of female students of universities. It finds that their character played a pivotal role in moral and character building of female students at university level as well as all seekers of high moral ranks. It ends with the suggestion of adopting Character of Wives of Prophet ﷺ to equip the individuals and society with good manners
The US-China Trade Rivalry and The Quest for Diplomatic Harmony in The Paradigm of Political Liberalism
Get PDFThis study explores the intricate dynamics of the trade war between China and the US, focusing on the quest for diplomatic harmony amid mounting tensions. Emphasizing historical diplomatic endeavors and diverse models employed in Sino-US relations, the research employs a qualitative approach to analyze thematic insights from existing literature and comparative case studies. Applying the theoretical framework of Political Liberalism, the study aims to propose strategies for conflict resolution and foster global stability. Historical analyses unveil sustained efforts in diplomatic relations despite occasional disruptions, highlighting key milestones in their relationship. The application of Political Liberalism underscores the relevance of democratic principles and transparency in conflict resolution, offering insights into potential pathways for fostering diplomatic harmony. In conclusion, this study presents an in-depth analysis of Sino-US trade politics while emphasizing the role of diplomatic engagements and theoretical frameworks in proposing strategies for conflict resolution and enhancing global stability
گلزار نادمؔ صابری کی مرثیہ گوئی: Gulzar Nadam Sabri's obituary
No full textThis article contains the uniqueness of Gulzar Nadim Sabri's elegy. Inspired by Hafeez Jalandhri, Gulzar Nadim Sabri wrote two volumes of "Shah Nama Hussain" based on his book "Shah Nama Islam". In pursuance of the persian poet "Maqbal" Gulzar Nadim Sabri versified the journey of "Madinah to Madinah". Therefore, the composition of the components of the obituary is not found in his obituary
علامہ اقبال اور مصری شاعراحمد شوقی کے ہاں فکری مماثلتیں: Intellectual similarities between Allama Iqbal and Egyptian poet Ahmad Shawqi
No full textIn the 19th century, an intellectual and practical movement against Western influence became evident across Islamic nations, with writers and poets playing a central role in the cultural renaissance of the Muslim world. Among these literary figures, Muhammad Iqbal in India and Ahmed Shawqi in Egypt emerged as pioneering voices, each offering a powerful expression of Islamic identity and resistance to colonialism. This article explores the intellectual parallels between Iqbal and Shawqi, analyzing their shared themes of patriotism, reverence for Islamic history, and devotion to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Both poets express deep sorrow over the loss of Islamic glory in Andalusia, and their poetry reflects a profound cultural pride, rich emotional depth, and a spirit of resistance. Through their patriotic anthems, which resonated widely among all social strata, Iqbal and Shawqi revived Islamic historical consciousness and celebrated the achievements of Muslim heroes, who are immortalized in Islamic history. This comparative study highlights how these poets contributed to the intellectual foundations of a pan-Islamic identity and solidarity, marking them as pivotal figures in the Islamic world's response to the challenges of their time
اقبال کا تصور خودپرستی : Iqbal's concept of selfishness
No full text"Iqbal`s Concept of Self-righteousness" delves into the philosophical and moral views of the famend poet and philosopher, Allama Muhammad Iqbal. Central to Iqbal's notion is the belief of the self (khudi) and its evolution in the direction of a better ethical and non-secular state. Self-righteousness, in Iqbal's context, refers back to the man or woman's notion of their personal ethical superiority or righteousness, frequently main to a experience of vanity or self-satisfaction. However, Iqbal's concept is going past mere ethical judgment; it includes a dynamic method of self-cognizance and ethical growth. For Iqbal, proper righteousness isn't determined in stagnant self-warranty however withinside the non-stop striving in the direction of ethical excellence and self-improvement. He emphasizes the significance of introspection and self-attention in spotting one's obstacles and flaws, thereby fostering humility and empathy in the direction of others. Furthermore, Iqbal's idea of self-righteousness is carefully tied to his imaginative and prescient of man or woman and collective empowerment. He believes that proper ethical power arises from a deep connection to one's internal self and a experience of obligation in the direction of society. Thus, self-righteousness, whilst nicely understood and cultivated, turns into a catalyst for fantastic alternate and social progress. In summary, Iqbal's idea of self-righteousness encapsulates a nuanced information of ethical man or woman and private growth, emphasizing the chronic striving for distinctive feature and self-attention withinside the pursuit of a better moral ideal