IUB Journals (Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
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Political History of Pakistan: An Outlook of Corruption Mantra 2008-2013
Get PDFThis article tries to make a synoptic view of the mishandling of the financial resources and corrupt practices in the Landscape of the Federal Government from 2008-2013. There are many studies that have been made on the corruption crises in Pakistan but this specific period from 2008 to 2013 is overlooked by the political historians. This paper attempts to fill up the research gap in the literature of the political History of Pakistan. Since its independence in 1947, the virus of financial corruption in the governmental affairs is troubling the political and economic development of the country. The Period of 2008-2013 is highly debatable and crucial, the remains of dictatorship were still active and political forces were struggling to make their way in the operates of rule. Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) and its allies were the ruling alliance. There was a general opinion that top officials of government were gaining in abundance the personal motives and were making money by corrupt means. Therefore, the underlying hypothesis of this study is: Was the government (Ruling Federal Party) was involved in money making, corrupt practises and financial manipulations? Consequently, parliamentary opposition and the national press (Print & Electronic) were exposing them for their wrongdoing. The study is an effort to explore the nature of the federal government’s corruption scandals, their history, the Parliamentary debates and the judicial cases following the above-mentioned corruption mantra in the period of PPP rule from 2008-13
Analytical Study of the Pattern of Argumentation of the Divine Books in Tafsīr Ziā ul Qur’ān
Get PDFThe article investigates the pattern of argumentation employed in the interpretation of the Qur’ān, specially focusing on the perspective presented in Tafsīr Ziā ul Qur’ān by an eminent scholar and former Judge, Pīr Karam Shāh Al Azharī. Tafsīr Ziā ul Qur’ān is recognized for its comprehensive exploration of the Quranic verses and their connections with the narratives found in other divine scriptures. The core of the article involves a systematic analysis of the patterns of argumentation found in Tafsīr Ziā ul Qur’ān. It explores how Pīr Karam establishes links between the Quranic revelations and the stories, lessons, and moral teachings presented in earlier scriptures. Moreover, the research investigates the impact of this pattern of argumentation on the reader's understanding of the Quran, assessing how it contributes to a holistic comprehension of the interconnectedness of divine messages. The article also explores unique insights presented in earlier scriptures. By critically analyzing the exegetical methods employed, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the intellectual framework that shapes the interpretation of these texts and their interconnectedness as presented in this renowned tafsīr
Beyond Economics: The Politico-cultural Implications of Chinese Economic Engagements with Pakistan
Get PDFObjective: This study intends to explore the possibility of politico-cultural implications of Chinese economic engagements with Pakistan in the wake of CPEC.
Research Gap: The economic engagement between Pakistan and China has achieved a flamboyant zenith in the wake of the Chinese One Belt One Road (OBOR) and one of its flagship projects: the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). While many researchers have highlighted the potential positive and negative aspects of this engagement, there is a lack of research exploring the possibility of politico-cultural implications of these engagements.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Qualitative content analysis of the existing literature on Chinese economic engagements with South East Asia and Africa, and of the salient features of Chinese economic engagements with Pakistan.
The Main Findings: Chinese economic engagements around the world and with Pakistan are not strictly limited to the economic sphere and there can be various politico-cultural implications.
Theoretical / Practical Implications of the Findings: Employs theoretical framework of neo-colonialism and Marxist theories of imperialism for the scrutiny of Chinese economic engagements with Pakistan. It paves the way for future field researches on politico-cultural implications of Chinese economic engagements with Pakistan till date and their critical scrutiny.
Originality/Value: Unlike both overoptimistic and reactionary analysis of Chinese economic engagements with Pakistan, this research attempts to theoretically examine various dimensions of these engagements
Rivalry Dynamics: Unveiling Alternative Motivations Behind Nations’ Arms Competition
Get PDFPurpose: The study aims to explore the complex dynamics of the arms race (AR) between Pakistan and India, with a primary focus on examining various arms race models.
Research Gap: No study in the current body of literature regarding the perspectives from Pakistan and India has comprehensively utilized all iterations of the Richardson Reaction model of the arms race, except for Hollist (1977), which did incorporate all versions of the Richardson Reaction model. However, in this particular study, the author merely compared R2 and F-statistics across four pairs of nations.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study consists of eight mini-models. The first six models have been estimated through OLS while in the last two models, we have adopted the GMM technique. The study used the data from Handbook statistics of Pakistan and India from 1972 to 2020.
The Main Findings: Our study highlights that a country’s own previous year’s military spending inversely affects its current military outlays, while its opponents’ expenditures positively influence its military budget. The disparity between a country’s and its opponents’ military spending, as well as submissiveness, play significant roles. Moreover, real external debt negatively impacts military expenditures, while real GDP positively influences them.
Theoretical/Practical Implications of the findings: The implications suggest that the decisions about military expenditure are affected by both internal and external aspects, including past expenditures and the military capabilities of adversaries. The study highlights the relevance of economic growth as a determinant of military spending decisions.
Originality/Value: The originality and value of the study lie in a comprehensive utilization of all versions of the Richardson model, employing the advanced technique of the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM)
Demand-Driven Challenges to Food Security: A Developing World Perspective
Get PDFObjective: This study explores the impact of short-run and long-run demand-side drivers on the food security in developing countries.
Research Gap: The paper utilizes a rich dataset consisting on 89 nations spanning from the years 1990 to 2020. A research gap exists in the collective exploration of all four dimensions of food security. Prior to the present study, there was a scanty literature addressing this comprehensive approach.
Methodology: The present study employs Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR). The application of the MMQR technique to analyze the interconnections among food security, agricultural exports, income inequality, economic growth and demand-driven forces of food security has limited in previous literature. This underscores the need for a more nuanced understanding of the relationships between these variables.
The Main Findings: The results reveal that overall population growth (PG) as well as urban population growth (UPG) serves as the persistent impediment towards the achievement of sustainable food security. However, official development assistance (ODA) shows a positive impact on availability and utilization dimensions. As well as, ODA can reduce undernourishment leading to improved access to nutritious food in developing countries.
Implications of Findings: The study recommends promoting family planning to address population pressures and emphasizes active engagement with international donors for technical and financial support in enhancing food security.
Originality/Value: The existing literature was limited in its coverage of this holistic approach prior to the current research. Additionally, this study applied the MMQR, a novel technique in this field, to assess such associations
The Trade-off between Child Labour and Schooling in Pakistan
Get PDFObjectives: One of the major issue of developing countries is child labour. A huge number of children, doing the labour work instead of going to schooling under the age of sixteen years. Due to early involvement in work it decrease their work of capacity and a big cause of lower economic growth of a country.
Research Gap: We use Pakistan Social and living Standard Measurement (PSLM) dataset of 2018- 19 for our empirical study on child labour and schooling. This survey covers the all regions of Pakistan that are urban, rural and provinces wise also.
Methodology: we used descriptive and Binominal Logistic Model for the estimations. Our dependent variable is binary it has two categories.
Main Findings: Results showing that gender wise that boys are significantly more involved in child labour as compare to girls. Significant regional differences are also exist in child labour. Income and parental education negatively related with the likelihood that the child is doing work while when the household size is increasing the probability of child labour also increasing.
Theoretical / Practical Implications of the Findings: According to province wise huge number of working children proportion is available in Baluchistan followed by Sindh, Punjab and KPK. According to gender wise data is showing that the proportion of working and non-working female children is lesser than the proportion of male working and non-working male children.
Originality/Value: Employing rigorous analysis, the study offers valuable data and practical insights for policymakers aiming to promote economic stability
Impact of External Governance Mechanisms on Firms’ Efficiency: Evidence from Non-Financial Firms Listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange
Get PDFThe review is intended to examine the effect of outside administration components on firms' proficiency in Pakistan. The review covers the period from 2009 to 2020. The review factors are voice and responsibility, government viability, administrative quality, law and order, control of debasement and productivity. STATA has been utilised to examine the connection between factors. The relationship among the factors has been tried, and resource turnover is used as a productivity measure. The aftereffects of the review show a positive and massive connection between voice res, responsibility and productivity. At the same time, government viability, administrative quality and control of defilement are adversely connected with proficiency. Law and order aren't measurably massive in terms of firms' productivity. To the best of the maker's data, this is the essential pack in Pakistan, which ponders the impact of outside organisations on firms' efficiency
Gender and Withdrawal Behavior: Evidence from the Banking Sector in Northern Province of Sri Lanka
Get PDFThis study examines the relationship between gender and withdrawal behavior of banking employees in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. Employee turnover is an ongoing issue and a significant problem in the organization. It is costly for the organizations and depends on many reseasons. The employee shows withdrawal physically and psychologically. The withdrawal behavior of employees is measured by physical withdrawal behavior (PWB) and psychological withdrawal behavior (SWB). Utilizing quantitative research methods, data was collected through structured questionnaires distributed among banking staff. The study employs descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis with the collected data from 131 respondents in licensed commercial banks. The results of the study show that gender is positively and significantly associated with PWB and SWB. In addition to that, there is a significant mean difference between female and male staff on PWB and SWB. Importantly, the female staff’s mean withdrawal behavior in both terms is more than male staff. The findings of this study contribute to the existing literature on gender differences in workplace behavior and provide some insights and strategies into people management, especially recruitment, training and development, and leadership. 
DDoS Attack Detection with Deep Learning Algorithm for SNMP, NetBISO, and DNS
Get PDFAbstract: In this day and age of advanced technology, devices that are connected to the Internet and can think are a big part of both our everyday lives and the work we do in factories. The number of Internet of Things devices has been steadily increasing from one year to the next, and it is expected that by 2030, there will be 126 billion of them. On the other hand, the number of distributed denial of service, or DDoS, attacks on the internet's surface has gone up as the number of Internet of Things devices has grown. Because IoT devices are limited in what they can do, it's important to come up with some advanced security techniques to protect the DDoS surface. Because of this, people who want to take control of an Internet of Things device can attack it. This thesis uses the CICDoS2019 dataset to improve how bugs are handled and build a new taxonomy that can handle DDoS attacks better. In the end, this will make the defense against these kinds of attacks stronger. In this paper, the DNN and the LSTMs methods to find distributed denial of service threats (SNMP, NetBIOS, DNS). With our suggested method, accuracy rates of 99.99% have been reached.
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Keywords SNMP, NetBIOS, DNS, LSTM, DDN, Deep Learnin
Impact of Islamic and conventional microfinance on poverty alleviation: A qualitative analysis
Get PDFThis study attempts to analyze the influence of Islamic and conventional microfinance on poverty alleviation in Pakistan. This study adopts a qualitative approach of investigation. It conducts 16 in-depth interviews with Islamic and conventional microfinance clients to evaluate the influence of microfinance on poverty alleviation. The study results reveal that Islamic microfinance significantly contribute towards poverty alleviation as compared to conventional microfinance. Further, it has identified some important factors like entrepreneurship, social capital, awareness, education, religiosity, and empowerment that may help to enhance the influence of microfinance towards poverty alleviation. This research may help microfinance researchers, governments, practitioners, and rating agencies to focus on suggested factors that may affect the connection between microfinance and poverty alleviation. This study may help to understand the poor living conditions and financial difficulties of microfinance clients and may help the social organizations to devise strategies to serve them in a better way to overcome their financial challenges as well as to cope with their family issues. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first study showing a qualitative analysis related to the impact of both Islamic and conventional microfinance on poverty alleviation