IUB Journals (Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
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Optimizing Crop Yield Forecasts Using Quantum Machine Learning Techniques with High-Dimensional Soil and Weather Data
Get PDFThis paper focuses solely on the possibility of applying quantum machine learning methods to increase crop yield prediction accuracy based on multi-feature soil and climate data. The main goal is to increase the efficiency of crop yield prediction models, which are critical for increasing a nation's production and food ratio. Complexity also throws off supervised analytical methods, and nonlinearity grew as the agricultural industry expanded its fields. These fields now encompass a wider range of interconnected elements, including soil type and nutrient content, their relationship to soil water content, air temperature, rainfall, and other factors. In this research, we use quantum computing to solve the problem of handling high-order data more proficiently than the same problems formulated in classical computers. In this paper, we developed and incorporated QSVM and QNN into conventional machine learning models to learn from large and highly complex datasets containing multiple years' worth of regional and temporal information on soil and weather. We believe these models can reveal patterns that QSVM and QNN are better equipped to detect due to their scalability and ability to compute over large datasets. As a result, the quantum-enhanced models outperform the conventional methods in terms of predictive power, demonstrating superior MSE values and robustness values. Specifically, the integration of quantum techniques enhanced the generalization ability because of the highly nonlinear relationship between the variables. These results suggest that QML could significantly improve crop yield estimates, as its predictions are more accurate and directly applicable to agricultural practices and policies. This study would expand the literature on the application of quantum computing in agriculture because it is an emerging field that holds potential for addressing various challenges in food production. In the domain of crop yield prediction, we are laying down the foundations for less vulnerable farming structures that are able to meet the future climate conditions and the growing global food requirements. Thus, the study calls for more research on potential quantum-based solutions in other essential use cases in agriculture
Contemporary Application of the Charter of Madinah in Inter-faith Relations (Analytical study)
Get PDFThe world as of today has been facing sensitive socio political issues due to fanatic jealousy and blind following of religious faith and beliefs which established a continuing threat to peace and tranquility in different parts of the world. Scholars like Syed Hossein Nasr, John Hick, Hans kung, and Sir Syed Ahmed Khan have shared their thoughts on the subject as much as organizations like United Nation Alliance of civilization (UNAOC), Religions for Peace (RFP), Parliament of the World’s Religions, The Interfaith Alliance etc. have been working to promote inter faith relations. The role of interfaith harmony in establishing a peaceful society ensuring human equality and protecting human dignity cannot be overlooked. Islam is a religion of peace which led foundation of this concept in seventh century. Prophet Mohammed peace be upon him migrated to Medina in seventh century and declared a charter of Medina in 622 AD with the neighboring societies and gave a new dimension to the religious beliefs introducing patience and acceptability for different faiths living in comity. Allah Almighty guided his righteous Prophet to call upon Jews and Christian tribes to enter into a peace treaty on the basis of common beliefs without pressing each other to object the differences in faith. This interaction paved the way for exchange of socio political and economic thoughts in the region, adaptation for art and culture as much as promoted a civilization in that region.
عصرِ حاضر میں پیشہ ورانہ اخلاقیات کا سیرت النبیﷺ کی روشنی میں جائزہ: Exploring Professional Ethics in the Modern Era: In the Light of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)’s Life
No full textIslam is a code of life that provides a complete guidance in every aspect of human life. A human being needs different ways of livelihood for his survival in society. So he adopts different kinds of professions. There are some ethics and moral values in every profession. But in current times one can easily observe the lacking of professional and ethical values in every field. How people in same profession should behave with each other? What kind of professional ethics should be observed and demonstrated at work place? In current paper we will find answers of these questions through qualitative research method. This paper also deals with work place ethics in the light of Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) life and teachings. Because Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) Himself used to take professional approach in His affairs. In the light of the Prophet's teachings, professional ethics include principles such as truthfulness, honesty, hard work, justice, respect, and service to others. One should seek guidance from Prophet’s (PBUH) life in order to perform his duties and make himself better at his work place. Islamic teachings on workplace ethics offer practical guidance for today's professionals. These simple but powerful teachings from the Prophet’s (PBUH) life remain useful guides for workplace behavior today. When coworkers follow these basic principles of kindness, honesty, and fairness, they not only do better in their careers but also help create a better society
الصحافة الأردية في بهاولبور في القرن العشرين: Journalism in Bahawalpur in the 20th Century
Get PDFBahawalpur sits in the heart of the Punjab province, which is in turn is the largest province of Pakistan. Punjab is also the home of one of the oldest human civilizations in human history and it has distinct cultural and literary features that are distinctive in the Indo-Pak subcontinent cultural landscape. Punjab is in itself divided into two parts, northern Punjab that contains several major cities of which the largest and most important of is Lahore, and southern Punjab, which contains three major cities of which Bahawalpur is the most important. This study focus on the literary scene in Bahawalpur as the city is considered one of the oldest settlements in the world, with long cultural and literary history. And it is this long and rich cultural heritage that allowed the city, and though residing in the heart of a Saraiki dominated region, to support and cherish cultural and literary work in other languages, most notably Urdu. As such, Bahawalpur was the home for various literary models in prose and poetry in the Urdu language, and this was reinforced by the effective role of thinkers and writers in this city in order to advance science and literature, such as Allama Muhammad Iqbal
Enhancing Business Cycle Forecasting in Pakistan: A Composite Leading Indicator Approach with PLS-SEM
No full textObjective: This study aims to forecast the business cycles in Pakistan by developing Composite Leading Indicators (CLI) that capture multi-dimensional interactions between real, monetary, and external sectors of the economy.
Research Gap: Although the econometric techniques, like OLS, VAR, and ARIMA, proved to be valuable but they failed to capture more complex and multi-dimensional interactions between real, monetary and external sectors. This paper fills that gap by constructing Composite Leading indicators to forecast business cycles for Pakistan’s economy
Design/Methodology/Approach: Based on quarterly data between 2011 and 2025, the model incorporates major indicators like narrow money, export volumes, household debt, household prices, policy rates, real effective exchange rates, and global economic conditions and constructs a CLI model through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).
The Main Findings: The findings indicate that the short-run liquidity and export performance have the highest direct impact on the volatility of GDP whereas the medium-run financial imbalances, such as household debt and household prices, have a key countercyclical role in spurring downturns provided they are not sufficiently reduced. The model captures a considerable proportion of the variance of GDP growth, as non-linear.
Theoretical / Practical Implications of the Findings: This study demonstrates the practicality of a multi-horizon framework of CLI estimation using PLS-SEM in that it can be used to construct more efficient early warning mechanisms and can aid policymakers in the smarter macroeconomic planning against domestic and external shocks.
Originality/Value: This research offers a novel application of PLS-SEM in business cycle forecasting for a developing economy, providing new insights into non-linear macro-financial linkages rarely explored in Pakistan’s context.
 
Role of Earnings Management and Digitalization in Explaining the Relationship Between Audit Quality and Value Addition: Insights from China
No full textThis study examines the complex relationship of audit quality and value addition, considering the mediating roles of access to finance and ESG performance, and moderating roles of digitalization and earnings management in Chinese non-financial firms. Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) system is used for unbalanced panel data to test the parallel mediation and double moderation proposed. Our findings show that the relationship between audit quality and value addition is in fact quite complex. Where ESG performance and capital constraints show a full, parallel, and negative mediating role between audit fees and value addition. Similarly, digitization positively moderates the association of audit fees and capital constraints, and earnings management negatively moderates the association between audit fees and both mediators. Given China’s unique institutional environment, characterized by state-influenced financing structures and rapid digital transformation, these findings offer valuable insights into how audit quality interacts with technology and sustainability in adding value for firms. Our findings suggest that Chinese firms need to integrate digitalization with ESG metrices, to ensure value addition. Finally, policymakers in China also need to consider the consequence of improved audit quality on capital access of firms and promote transparency in ESG reporting that may help support firms in value addition without being penalized by overly conservative investor reactions
Optimizing Blockchain Scalability: Enhancing Consensus Mechanisms with Nodetovector Algorithms
No full textBlockchain technology has revolutionized industries with its decentralized and secure data management and transaction capabilities. However, scalability remains a critical challenge as blockchain networks expand. This study investigates the integration of TensorFlow with Node2Vec embeddings to optimize consensus mechanisms, focusing on enhancing blockchain scalability. Using the Hyperledger Fabric framework, experiments simulated and analyzed system performance metrics including block size, timeout, arrival rate, and probability of timeout. Data analysis revealed significant variability and trends critical for machine learning modeling. The study shows that using the model with embeddings and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for visualization, for feature reduction performed better than traditional Linear Regression. The Mean Squared Error (MSE) was 0.0341 compared to 0.0658 highlighting the effectiveness of AI techniques in improving abilities and addressing scalability challenges in networks. This research aims to advance analytics in technology by showcasing how integrating TensorFlow with Node2Vec embeddings can enhance network efficiency and scalability bridging the gap between theory and practice to drive innovation, in decentralized data management and secure transaction processing
Advanced Malicious Behavior Classification Using a Refined ANN-CNN Model : A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Enhanced Cybersecurity Threat Detection
No full textThe rapid growth of the internet has led to an overwhelming increase in online data. Activities such as data transfer, online banking, and business transactions are now conducted over the internet, which, while providing convenience, also presents opportunities for malware developers to exploit vulnerabilities. Cybercriminals use sophisticated methods to bypass security measures, stealing personal data and demanding ransom from victims. To address these growing threats, there is a critical need for more advanced AI-based methods to detect and prevent malware attacks.
In this paper, we propose an improved hybrid ANN-CNN sequential model designed to enhance malware classification performance. Class imbalance is addressed using the SMOTE technique, which ensures that all classes are equally represented. Additionally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is employed for feature selection, enabling the model to focus on the most meaningful features and improving both training efficiency and model accuracy.
The model is evaluated on three multiclass datasets: WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), Microsoft Malware, and Virus Malware Digit. The proposed model achieved 98.1%, 99.6%, and 99.0% accuracy, respectively, demonstrating its effectiveness in handling complex, imbalanced, and diverse malware datasets
Multi-Scale Human Pose Estimation Using Morphological Segmentation and Deep Learning
No full textThe intersection of computer vision, computer graphics, and machine learning leads to human modeling and pose estimation. Human pose estimation has been and continues to be a challenging issue in computer vision because of occlusions, differences in sizes of bodies, and intricate joint movements. Even with recent breakthroughs in deep learning, correctly identifying salient events in real-world settings remains a major challenge. To solve these problems, we introduce a new approach to accurate human pose estimation that combines morphological segmentation with deep learning. Morphological operations help segment the input images, and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture like VGG16 is utilized to extract significant features from the segmented images, which are then classified using classifiers. The model, which is proposed, is trained on two publicly shared datasets, MPII and LSP, to capture diverse human poses with varying conditions and scales. We emphasize the success of our approach in attaining sophisticated results in human pose estimation tasks by engaging in extensive testing and evaluation. Our method effectively deals with occlusions and intricate poses along with accurately detecting key points. We also highlight the model's interpretability and generalizability, presenting its strength in numerous real-life scenarios
ڈاکٹر محمد اقبال نسلِ نو کے لیے ایک پُراُمید شاعر و راہنما : Dr. Muhammad Iqbal: An Optimistic Poet and Guide for the New Generation
No full textAbstract
Muhammad Iqbal was a prominent Muslim leader, thinker, philosopher, and a poet full of hope in the last century. He was well-versed in Western sciences and philosophy, as well as in Quranic knowledge, which is evident in his poetry. He had a deep understanding of Islamic history, which enabled him to identify the causes of the rise and fall of Muslims. He sought to connect the younger generation with their ancestors, emphasizing that they achieved greatness by following the guidance of the Quran. However, he lamented that despite being part of that legacy, they were living in subjugation due to their unfamiliarity with Quranic teachings.
The study of history reveals that the Muslim community has experienced many ups and downs. During the final period of British rule; Muslims were once again on the path of revival and renewal. For this reason, Dr Iqbal not only encouraged the youth of the Muslim community to rise again but also announced to them the promise of superiority in the world.
Iqbal fundamentally sought a complete revolution, placing his hopes on the Muslim community, which he believed could bring about such a change by establishing a new system in the contemporary era. His concept of "Khudi" was the essence of this revolution, through which he anticipated the revival of Islam. This paper will discuss the revival of Islam and Iqbal's comprehensive philosophy, focusing on his role as a guide and symbol of hope for the younger generation, as well as his expectations for them.
Keywords: Iqbal, Poetry, Khudi, Youth, Islam, Muslims, Leader, Thinker