IUB Journals (Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
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Examining the Impact of Financial Inclusion, Tourism and Renewable Energy on Environmental Sustainability: Evidence from NARDL Approach
Get PDFThis paper aims at examining the effects of financial inclusion, renewable energy, tourism and economic growth on the environmental stability in Pakistan. It uses the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) and Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The goal of the study to uncover the non-linear relationship and long-run co-movement between such variables which spans through 2000-2023. Financial inclusion emerges as a critical factor, consistently reducing emissions in both the short and long run, with negative shocks having a more pronounced effect. The findings highlight the EKC pattern, where economic growth initially increases emissions, but beyond a certain point, further growth reduces them, signaling a transition toward environmental improvement. Renewable energy consumption plays a crucial role in lowering emissions, while tourism slightly increases them. The findings of this study can be useful for policy makers as this study also emphasized the fact that for the sustainability in Pakistan there is need to encourage financial commensurate with the need for green economy through sustainable tourism and renewable energy for the improved environmental sustainability
Cross-Site Request Forgery Attacks and Preventions
Get PDFCSRF stands for Cross-Site Request Forgery, which is among the top web vulnerabilities in which the attacker maliciously exploits a website using victims’ credentials and sends unauthorized actions/calls on a trusted web application. In Cross-site request forgery, the attacker sends a malicious forged link to the user. Upon clicking, the forged request is sent on behalf of the user which results in data leakage. Till today, numerous defense mechanisms (on both the client and server sides) have been proposed as the result of increasing attacks and leakage of personal data. Such mechanisms include HTTP header, validation of random tokens, hybrid-model HTTP and content analysis, client-server proxy, and so on. However, even today, such attacks exist and occur. This report analyzes various existing defense mechanisms and models, critically assesses each of them, and addresses the voids in each of them. It also describes how combining two mechanisms help overcome the flaws
Understanding Clinical Depression through Somatic Symptoms among Depressive Adults: Gender and Education in Consideration
Get PDFThe most prevalent mental health disorder is depression, although it is not always presented in the same form. The type of depression that presents itself through somatic symptoms cannot be detected by mental health professionals, hence requires scrutiny before categorizing the clients as having a psychiatric issue. Therefore, the current study sought to examine these variables by employing the Somatic Symptom Scale (SSS-8) to evaluate the somatic symptoms and diagnosed clients of depression. The study was conducted with a sample of 150 depressed patients (Male=43%, Female= 57%) selected from the outdoor patient (Psychiatry) department of hospitals in Rawalpindi/Islamabad. The results of the study revealed that there was a positive correlation between the study variables. This research also assumed that patients with depression have high somatic symptoms and that the male participants will show more somatic symptoms than the female participants. Analysis of results confirmed that the mean number of somatic symptoms in men (M=20. 86) was significantly higher than that of women (M=18. 12) p> 0. undefined Furthermore, the findings also showed that the illiterate patients with depression were having more somatic symptoms M = 21. 72 than the literate patients M = 18. 20. The current study would be helpful for mental health professionals to comprehend the personality characteristics of patients regarding the treatment of depression. Also, they can develop better therapeutic approaches to address the somatic symptoms of clinical depression
Comprehensive Understanding of “Thumma Lā Yutbi'ūna Mā Anfaqū Mannan Walā Adhan” Mentioned in Verse 2:262 of Al-Qur’an
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Spending wealth in the way of Allah (SWT) is a significant act, enjoined for the Muslim people, that brings blessings and great rewards from Allah (SWT). However, as stated in verse 2:262 of Al-Qur’an, the reward of spending would be ensured if we don’t follow up the spending with “Mannan (favor)” and not with “Adhan (hurt/injury).” The clause “thumma lā yutbi'ūna mā anfaqū mannan walā adhan” of this verse has been interpreted as, “then (they) do not publicize (tell) their favor after having spent, nor cause any hurt (injury or distress) to those on whom they have spent.” This interpretation refers to the recipients of spending as needy people, such as relatives, orphans, beggars, etc. who are usually within the reach of the donors. However, as narrated in the first part of verse 2:262, “those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah (SWT),” the spending should refer to a wide range of recipients. Some examples of recipients of spending, other than the needy people, are Masjids, educational institutions, charitable institutions, logistic supports for Jihad, orphanage centers, etc. which are out of direct reach of the donors. In these cases, it is not possible to tell any recipient about this favor or to incur any injury by hurtful words. Therefore, it may be expected to have an updated interpretation applicable to all the recipients of spending in the way of Allah (SWT). This research aims to find a comprehensive interpretation and understanding of the clause “thumma lā yutbi'ūna mā anfaqū mannan walā adhan,” as mentioned in verse 2:262 of Al-Qur’an. For this purpose, some notable areas of spending in the way of Allah (SWT) and the limitations of the existing interpretations of this clause have been identified. Finally, an updated interpretation of the mentioned clause has been perceived. The updated interpretation provides us with a comprehensive understanding of “thumma lā yutbi'ūna mā anfaqū mannan walā adhan" mentioned in verse 2:262 of Al-Qur’an
Karen Armstrong's Perspective on the Prophet's Biography. A Review in the Light of Islamic Teachings: کیرن آرمسٹرانگ کا سیرت رسولﷺ پر نقطہ نظر اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں جائزہ
No full textKaren Armstrong, a renowned scholar of comparative religion, offers a unique and insightful perspective on the biography of the Prophet Muhammad in her various works. This review critically examines Armstrong's portrayal of the Prophet's life, assessing it through the lens of Islamic teachings. Armstrong emphasizes the Prophet's role as a social reformer, a proponent of justice, and a spiritual leader, depicting him as a figure of compassion and wisdom. She contextualizes his life within the socio-political environment of 7th-century Arabia, highlighting his efforts to address tribal conflicts and social inequalities. Armstrong’s approach is notable for its empathetic understanding and attempt to bridge cultural gaps between the West and the Islamic world. She challenges stereotypical representations and offers a nuanced narrative that seeks to humanize the Prophet Muhammad, presenting him as a complex and multifaceted individual. However, this review juxtaposes her interpretations with traditional Islamic sources such as the Quran, Hadith, and classical biographies (Sira) to identify areas of convergence and divergence. Key Islamic teachings underscore the Prophet's mission as one guided by divine revelation, emphasizing his role as the final messenger of God. This perspective sometimes contrasts with Armstrong's more secular and historical analysis. For instance, while Armstrong acknowledges the spiritual dimensions of the Prophet's life, her primary focus on his socio-political achievements might underplay the profound religious significance attributed to him by Muslims. Furthermore, this review explores how Armstrong's interpretations align with or diverge from key Islamic concepts such as prophethood, revelation, and the moral and ethical framework established by the Prophet. By comparing Armstrong’s work with Islamic teachings, this review aims to provide a balanced and comprehensive understanding of the Prophet Muhammad's biography, highlighting the contributions of both Western scholarship and Islamic tradition
Halal, Haram, Marriage and Divorce Issues in Tafsir Maārif al-Qur'ān, A Specific Study of Surah Al-Baqarah: تفسیر معارف القرآن میں حلال و حرام اور نکاح و طلاق کے مسائل،سورۃ البقرہ کا اختصاصی مطالعہ
No full textThe Holy Quran is the most widely read book in the history of mankind, a source of great inspiration, guidance and wisdom for millions of Muslims all over the world. It is the essential point of Iman or faith and important to the foundations of an Islamic society being the basis of its shariah. As such one of the aims of Maarif-ul-Quran is to ensure a continuous link remains between the body of the Islamic community, the ummah and its heart, with the Holy Quran.Muhammad Shafi a well-known Scholar of Indo Pakistan. Son of Muhammad Yasin, was born on 25 January,1897, A.D. He rendered many religious, political, economic and social services to the Muslims of Indo Pakistan. In many of his services, the greatest one is that Urdu Quranic Commentary, based on many of volumes, he was a great preacher of Quran.The article is included explain the issues of Halal and Haram, Divorce and Iddah described in surah Al-Baqarah in the light of Tafseer Marif-ul-Quran. These three issues have been explained by mufti sahib with great detail and arguments in his tafseer. It covers all his efforts done for making the Holy Quran easier for the mankind
Key words: Mufti Shafi, Urdu Quranic Commentary, Maarif ul Qura
Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Project Success in Project Based Organizations with Moderating Role of Project Managers Competences
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the impact of human resource management practices on project success in project-based organizations with moderating role of project managers competences. This study unit of analysis is top management, middle tier managers and employees from both IT and construction related public sector organizations of Rawalpindi and Islamabad.The study was based on the field survey and Convenient sampling technique was used. This sampling technique was used for appropriate results with randomized responses of participants and to avoid any type of biasness.Total 275 questionnaires were distributed in Project based organizations, 250 were returned and 221 were usable.Result showed a strong impact on the success of project with Human resource management practices in Pakistan. Factors of HRMP’s have stronger relationship with project success with moderator role of project manager Competences (i.e.., having a high level of certifications and high numbers of years of experience in project management). In the relationship of independent variable with the dependent variable project manager competences acts as a moderator. It is indicated by the findings that there is positive correlation among the variables. This study also examined that Employee Recruitment and Selection, Employee Training and Development, High Performance Work Practice, which are the factors of the Human Resource management practice, have high strength on project success in the occurrence of project manager competences
دلیلِ عقل: ایک اصولِ اجتہاد (فقہ جعفری کے تناظر میں) : The Authenticity of Wisdom as a Principle of Ijtihaad (in the perspective of Fiqh J'afri)
No full textIslam is the religion which guides the humanity not only in every aspect of life, but also solves the problems coming to be faced by humans upto the Day of judgement. On the other side, as the texts of the Holy Quran and Hadith are limited, and the expectedly coming problems are unlimited, so it is impossible to denote the solution of every problem clearly and vividly in the texts of Holy Quran and Hadith. For this purpose , Quran and Hadith put some principles explicitly or inexplicitly through which the solution of every problem may be solved in the light of the Holy Quran and Hadith. This activity is called Ijtihaad and the principles are called Principles of Ijtihaad. The article below is related to the Principles of Ijtihaad and it consists the explanation and critical analysis of the basic principle of Ijtihaad practiced in Fiqh Ja,fri, that is the authenticity of Wisdom
تفسیر تبیان الفرقان (مولانا عبد المجید لدھیانوی)میں آیات مخاصمہ کی روشنی میں عیسائیت کا تعارف اور عقائد، تحقیقی مطالعہ: A Research Study of Introduction and Beliefs of Christianity in the Light of Verses of Conflict in Tafseer Tibbiyan-Ul-Furqan (Maulana Abdul Majeed Ludhianawi)
No full textAbstract:
Hazrat shah waliullah has mentioned five basic sciences (knowledge sources) of the Holy Quran in “Al-Fawz-ul-Kabeer’’, which are known as “Khamsa sciences’’. Ilm-ul-Mukhasma is the knowledge which refute the beliefs and evil doubts of the derailed and false groups/sects, to answer their arguments in a positive way and to project the truth (fact) and explanation of the truth so that vague and logical descriptive arguments are accepted by other party. We need to make biasness (difference) and let him misunderstand the mistake for this, Quran has dealt these misguided groups in detail or in short (briefly). The holy Quran is the source of guidance for everyone until the Day of Judgment (resurrection), so rejection (negation) of every wrong belief is in it. The details are the wrong beliefs of these derailed groups, refutation and logical rational arguments for such reasons which they practiced.
According to knowledge (science) of Mukhasma, the four derailed (misguided) groups of polytheists, the hypocrites, the Christians were arguments (debated) in the Holy Quran. Maulana Abdul Majeed Ludhianwi has narrated the verses of Ilm-ul-mukhasmah in his Tafseer (commentary)’’ Tibiyan- ul-furqan Fi Tafseer-al Quran’’ with significance and has provided satisfactory answers to their objections and claims (doubts). He has depicted right positions of Islam by giving comprehensive and logical reasoning answers. This work imported a researched and reasoned comment on scientific importance, Islamic jurisprudence matters opinions and interpretations of present times, so it was a must that Christians must be answered in a justified well manner to make them on right way.
پاکستانی ڈراموں کا اخلاقی معیار اور سماجی اثرات: Ethical Quality and Social impact of Pakistani Dramas
No full textTelevision, which is one of the inventions of the 10th century, whose wide influence cannot be disputed, where it has increased the general knowledge of the people tremendously, it has also promoted Western civilization to a great extent in people's lives. Pakistani television dramas are leaving a deep impact on our society. Habits such as disobedience, misbehavior with parents and wasting time are being developed among the children who watch the drama, which shows the clear impact of the media on social and social attitudes. In this situation, it is necessary to evaluate whether the glare of the media is not taking human desires into its swamp.
Social values which are very important for the stability of Muslim society, where we are working on a part of religion, we should give importance to economic, social values as well because religion is incomplete without political, economic, social system along with religion. The protection of social values is the protection of a part of Islam itself, so it is very important to examine the factors affecting these values.
In this article, the social and moral effects of the drama industry will be evaluated through quantitative research. In which a survey paper will be prepared and the people will be evaluated on the good and bad effects of the drama and its results and analysis will be presented