IUB Journals (Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
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Urban Mobility Overview of Pakistan: Focus on Islamabad
No full textThe economic growth of a country is dependent upon road infrastructure. But due to urbanization, the majority of cities, including Islamabad, are facing issues of mobility. Therefore, this study was designed to explore factors that can help in improving the mobility of people in Islamabad. This research identified key traffic issues of Islamabad through literature analysis of past studies. Ultimately, this research also recommended several strategies to address the traffic issues in Islamabad. This research is beneficial for policymakers to improve traffic issues in the capital of Pakistan. Also, future studies can use these findings
اقبال ؒاور جوہر ؒکی اسلامی و سیاسی فکر اور دیگر اشتراکات: ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ: Iqbal and Jauhar's Islamic and Political Thought and Other Commonalities: A Research Study
No full textAllama Muhammad Iqbāl and Maūlāna Muhammad Ali Johar: Both were intellectuals, poets and reformers of the nation. Both were almost the same age. In poetry, both of them were disciples of Dāgh for some time. Although Iqbāl has superiority over Johar in terms of his political, moral and social thoughts and the art of prose and poetry, both of them are considered as great leaders of the Islamic world.
Both Johar and Iqbal are poets who believe in self-awareness, human equality, human dignity, enthusiasm, hope, movement and struggle. Love for the Prophet is evident in both of their poetry.
Although, Muhammad Ali Johar's Diwān is not very large, his poetry is full of the commands and allusions of the Holy Qur’ān and the hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH). Arabic and Persian compositions and Qur’ānic words and allusions have been used extensively in Iqbal's poetry. The article under consideration has undertaken a historical review of the poetry, Islamic and political thought, trends, and struggles of Iqbal and Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar, and an attempt has been made to find out what is the thinking and working of these two leaders. In this regard, the parallel comparative method has been adopted.
علامہ اقبال کے اُردو کلام میں تذکرۂ شاہان: The Concept of Tazkira-e-Shahan (Reminiscence of Kings) in Allama Iqbal’s Urdu Poetry
No full textThis study examines the concept of Tazkira-e-Shahan (تذکرہ شاہان) in Allama Iqbal’s Urdu poetry, highlighting how the poet uses historical and contemporary kings as symbols of leadership, morality, and political consciousness. Iqbal’s references to kings serve not merely as historical accounts but as didactic tools to critique despotism, inspire self-realization, and awaken the collective spirit of the Ummah. Through his poetry, Iqbal emphasizes the qualities of visionary leadership, justice, and ethical governance while contrasting the decline of tyrannical rulers with the potential of spiritually enlightened leadership. The analysis shows that Iqbal’s portrayal of kings integrates philosophical, ethical, and political dimensions, reflecting his broader concerns for cultural rejuvenation and national awakening. Furthermore, his Urdu poetry employs rich imagery, allegory, and narrative techniques to communicate complex socio-political messages to a diverse audience. By revisiting the deeds and characteristics of historical rulers, Iqbal encourages his readers to internalize lessons of courage, integrity, and wisdom, fostering a sense of individual and collective responsibility. This exploration contributes to the understanding of Iqbal’s poetic philosophy and his approach to leadership and governance, illustrating how literary representations of kings can serve both artistic and instructive purposes
China's Authoritarian Ascendancy vs. US Democratic Dominance: A Comparative Analysis
No full textChina’s authoritarian ascendency, characterized by state owned enterprises, technological development and dictatorial governance structure is contrary to US democratic dominance, enshrined in promotion of democratic norms and values, private owned enterprises, human rights and democratic governance structure. This paper is aimed to make a comparative analysis of both US and China’s models by evaluating their domestic and foreign policies to identify the major areas of competition and cooperation such as global governance and institutional influence, economic statecraft and trade policies, soft power and cultural diplomacy, human rights, and democratic promotion. This study will examine the consequences of their competition on global security and conflict dynamics, democratic justice and human rights, international cooperation, multilateral control, the future of U.S.-China relations, and global governance. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of each approach in achieving its respective goals, taking into account regional and international norms, domestic political contexts and legitimacy. The paper will examine the complex dynamics of great power competition highlighting the challenges and opportunities produced by the interplay between authoritarian vs democratic dominance, in the light of neoliberalism. The research methodology of the paper is be based on comparative analysis. Finally, this research offers recommendations for policymakers navigating the evolving global authoritarian vs democratic landscape to promote for a peaceful and stable order.
Keywords: US Democratic Dominance, Chinese authoritarian ascendancy, Neoliberalism, Global Governance, Human Rights
Effectiveness of non-surgical intervention in resolving congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction
No full textAbstract
Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) affects 6–20% of children. This condition
results from a blockage or incomplete opening of the nasolacrimal duct, which drains tears
into the nasal cavity. If untreated, CNLDO can lead to chronic tearing, eye discharge, and an
increased risk of eye infections. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of crigler massage
in children’s CNLDO. The study was conducted at the Eye Care Unit of Bangrilla Community
Hospital, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), from November 2022 to December
A total of 130 children under one year of age presenting with persistent tearing
(epiphora) due to unilateral or bilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction were included. Parents
were instructed to perform Crigler massage, a conservative, non-surgical technique involving
lacrimal sac massage, for three months. The efficacy of this treatment was monitored over the
course of the study. The participants included 73 children (56.2%) aged 0–6 months and 57
children (43.8%) aged 6–12 months. Male participants constituted 43.8% of the total number,
while the female participants accounted for the remaining 56.2%. CNLDO cases involved
unilateral eye obstruction, with 30.8% affecting the right eye and 35.4% affecting the left eye,
while 33.8% demonstrated bilateral involvement. By the end of the three months, 92.3% of
children had achieved complete resolution of symptoms. Seven children (5.4%) did not
respond to the Crigler massage and required surgical probing, while three (2.3%) failed to
complete follow-up. Crigler massage proved to be an effective, non-invasive treatment for
CNLDO in children, achieving a high success rate when performed consistently and correctl
Community knowledge, attitude and practices towards dengue in urban and suburban populations of Okara (Punjab, Pakistan)
No full textDengue fever is a viral disease transmitted by biting female Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus
mosquitoes, which breed in small, ponded water. The present work aimed to analyse the
knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards dengue fever and its control in the local population
of the Okara district, Punjab, Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey based on 2279 randomly
selected volunteers of both sexes (male 1149, female 1130) from 08 towns of the district Okara
(Pakistan), ages (15-70 years) from urban/suburban areas during 2016-17 through
questionnaire-based interviews. Educational attainment was moderate, with 57.3 % having 10
or fewer years of schooling in the study population. The results suggested that the general
public has a high level of knowledge, and 87.8% correctly identified the route of transmission.
85.7% recognized man-made containers as breeding sites. Females had higher knowledge
accuracy (81.35%) than males (79.6). Further, most respondents (84.9%) did not have leaky
water taps, 86.3% managed household junk, and 91.1% disposed of rainwater. Respondents
used strong preventive practices such as repellents (64.6%), checking water reservoirs
(83.6%), and drain coolers (85.6%). In conclusion, the masses in the area have a high level of
knowledge about dengue fever, its vector and its breeding. The majority of the respondents
have a positive attitude towards preventive measures against vector and mosquito bites. A very
large segment of the community generally has good practices related to dengue fever and its
vector
Qur’ānic Foundations of Interfaith (Is Da‘wah (Calling to God) Interfaith?)
No full textThe paper addresses two questions: does the Qur’an commands interfaith and is interfaith Da‘wah (calling people to the worship of one God)? First, it will discuss what interfaith means today. Interfaith has moved from the medieval “exclusive attitudes (that) promote suspicion and disdain of the other traditions”. Further, it has also moved from pluralism’s desire to tolerate other religious traditions to celebrate the other. The paper will reflect on āyah (verse) 48 of Sūrah (Chapter) 5 to establish a firm Qur’anic foundation for the diversity of religions required by the Qur’an. The āyah informs if God willed He would have made the whole humankind united in one religious community (ummatan wāḥidatan), but He chose not to do that. Instead, He wants to test us in the religious community we claim ours. God wants diversity of religious practices as it creates conditions in which religious communities can compete with each other in doing good (khayr). Finally, the Qur’an commands ta‘āraf (get to know each other) and ta‘āwan (cooperation) in doing good (49: 13 & 5: 2 respectively), two key goals of interfaith movement today. The paper concludes interfaith meets Quranic commands of ta‘āraf and ta‘āwan. Therefore, Muslims should engage in the interfaith movement. However, ta‘āraf and ta‘āwan only do not meet the requirement of Da‘wah. Da‘wah requires to intentionally invite people to the worship of one God. Whereas interfaith is not about calling others to one’s faith.
 
جدید فکری چیلنجز اور طلبہ کی شخصیت کی تعمیر میں استاد کا کردار : سیرتِ نبویﷺ کی روشنی میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ: The Teacher’s Role in Addressing Contemporary Intellectual Challenges and Student Personality Development: An Analysis in the Light of the Seerah
No full textIn the contemporary educational context, students face multiple intellectual challenges, including the conflict between religious values and secular ideologies, the tension between tradition and modernity, and the influence of global culture and digital media. Such challenges generate skepticism, confusion, and a decline in intellectual confidence, leading in some cases to extremism or moral laxity. In this context, the role of the teacher extends beyond the transmission of knowledge to include intellectual guidance and character formation. The Sīrah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ provides a comprehensive pedagogical model that combines education, moral training, and intellectual development. His methodology emphasized wisdom, compassion, practical application of knowledge, and the cultivation of students’ spiritual and ethical capacities. This research explores how the principles of Prophetic pedagogy can be applied within modern educational systems to enable teachers to address contemporary intellectual crises, foster holistic student development, and contribute to positive societal transformation.
Keywords: Teacher’s Role, Student, Contemporary, Intellectual Challenges, Personality Development, Seerah
Qurʾānic Just-Peace: A Comparative Study of Peace and Justice in Islamic, Christian, and Jewish Scriptures
No full textThe research examines the concept of just peace as described in the Qurʾān and conducts a comparative evaluation of the scriptures of Judaism and Christianity to identify points of convergence and difference in their ethical and theological understandings of peace and justice. It argues that Islam also provides an integrative model in which justice (ʿadl), mercy (raḥma), and social rectification (islāḥ) cannot exist outside of peace (salām), thus suggesting a paradigm which is also normative and operational. The study foreshadows a similar moral basis by comparing the Qurʾānic principles with Jewish ideals of shalom and prophetic justice as well as Christian moral obligations to reconciliation and eirene, taking into account contextual differences. Based on current scholarship and empirical research into scriptural ethics and peace-building, this paper highlights the empirical implications for current interfaith efforts, demonstrating how the idea of justice-based scriptural paradigms provides a stable and transformative foundation for world peace, coexistence, and the protection of human dignity
اخفاء کے معاصر تصورات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ: An Analytical Study of Contemporary Concepts of Ikhfāʾ” (Privacy, Secrecy, Confidentiality, and Security)
No full textThis article explores the multifaceted concept of Ikhfāʾ—encompassing privacy, secrecy, confidentiality, and security—through religious, philosophical, legal, ethical, psychological, security, and commercial perspectives. From a religious standpoint, Ikhfāʾ is associated with concealing personal acts of worship, charity, and human flaws to preserve moral integrity and social harmony. In Islam, secrecy serves as a means of protecting societal cohesion, while similar notions of confidentiality and modesty are regarded as sacred in other religious traditions as well. Philosophically, Ikhfāʾ is understood in relation to knowledge, truth, and existence, where withholding certain information is considered an expression of wisdom, reflection, and intellectual maturity.
From a legal perspective, Ikhfāʾ is regulated through data protection laws, privacy rights, national security legislation, and digital media regulations aimed at safeguarding personal data, state secrets, and commercial information. Ethically, secrecy is evaluated within the framework of morality and justice, where concealing information may be obligatory, commendable, or reprehensible depending on context, while unjustified concealment may amount to deception or wrongdoing. Psychologically, Ikhfāʾ relates to the protection of personal emotions, identity, mental well-being, and feelings of insecurity or fear. In security terms, it focuses on protecting sensitive military, governmental, and digital information through modern technologies such as encryption and cybersecurity tools. Commercially, Ikhfāʾ safeguards trade secrets, patents, and business models to ensure economic stability. Overall, despite contextual differences, the core objective of Ikhfāʾ remains the protection of information from unauthorized disclosure, ensuring individual dignity, social order, and global stability