IUB Journals (Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
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Public Debt's Role in Sustainable Economic Growth: An Extensive Case Study of Pakistan
No full textObjective: A general objective belonging to this research includes the analysis of the influence of public debt on sustainable economic growth in Pakistan. It employs time series data records from 1980-2022.
Research Gap: Prior research does not produce strong conclusions that link the public debt to sustainable economic growth. While several studies have attempted to explore this relationship, most lack robust econometric testing or fail to consider the stationarity of data and long-run dynamics.
Design/Methodology/Approach: To start, through the ADF test, we can determine stationarity, especially when using econometric and statistical tools. To ensure that the order of all variables is I (1), this research uses a co-integration approach based on this conclusion. To this end, the aim of research is to address the public debt influence on economic growth, and as the dependent variable, the study considers Gross Domestic Product. Net trade and Foreign Direct Investment are also used in the model as exogenous variables along with external debt, debt service, and inflation.
The Main Findings: External debt, net trade, and inflation positively influence GDP, while debt servicing and FDI negatively affect growth.
Theoretical / Practical Implications of the Findings: The conclusion as presented in the paper shows that in measuring the effect of the public debt, variables known as Debt service and External debt are employed. According to the findings of the study, the longtime indicates higher foreign debt, net trade, and inflation as positive drivers of the Gross Domestic Product of Pakistan. However, debt servicing and Foreign Direct Investment are inversely related. So, these findings offer practical insight for policymakers to evaluate debt sustainability while considering the broader implications for economic growth.
Originality/Value: This research adds value by applying time series econometric techniques, specifically ADF testing and co-integration, to a 43-year dataset focused on Pakistan. It uniquely combines public debt indicators with trade, inflation, and FDI to offer a more comprehensive view of their collective impact on sustainable economic growth
اتحاد امت میں حدیث کا کردار: حدیث نبویﷺ کو امت کے انتشار وافتراق کا بنیادی سبب قرار دینے کے اعتراض کا تحقیقی وتنقیدی جائزہ
No full textThis study examines the claim—promoted by certain Orientalists and their contemporary followers—that the Prophetic Hadith is a major cause of discord and fragmentation within the Muslim community. Focusing particularly on Zakaria Ouzon’s assertion in Jināyāt al-Bukhārī, the article offers a critical and evidence-based refutation of this argument. The first section surveys authoritative Prophetic traditions that emphasize unity, mutual compassion, and the prohibition of sectarianism, thereby demonstrating that the foundational thrust of Hadith literature is the preservation of communal harmony rather than division. The study then analyzes the historical nature of juristic disagreements among scholars, showing that these divergences emerged not from Hadith itself but from variations in interpretive methods, levels of access to transmitted reports, differences in assessing authenticity, and the natural scope of human ijtihād. Drawing upon classical sources and documented cases from the era of the Companions, the paper clarifies that legitimate juristic diversity was recognized, respected, and even encouraged as a form of mercy and facilitation for the Ummah. Finally, the article highlights how misuse of scriptural texts, sectarian prejudice, and polemical motivations—not Hadith—have historically fueled destructive forms of discord. It concludes by outlining practical principles for fostering an ethic of unity in contemporary Muslim societies, especially in the face of modern ideological, political, and civilizational challenges
An Analytical study of the Balance of Ecosystems: Islamic Teachings on the Harmony between Living and Non-Living Components of Nature
No full textThis paper investigates the Islamic point of view on the adjust of environments, emphasizing the interconnecting and concordance between living and non-living components of nature. It looks at key Qur'anic verses and Hadiths that highlight the divine creation of nature, showing the Soil as a impeccably adjusted framework planned by God. The concept of Mizan (adjust) is central to Islamic lessons, reflecting the perplexing interdependency of all components inside biological systems. People, as Khalifah (stewards) of the Soil, are endowed with the duty to protect and ensure the common world. The paper too talks about the moral rules laid out in Islam with respect to the feasible utilize of assets, the preservation of biodiversity, and the moral treatment of creatures and plants. Moreover, it analyzes the results of disturbing environmental adjust and the significance of advancing natural morals through Islamic hones. Eventually, the paper underscores the part of Islamic lessons in cultivating a profound regard for nature and giving a system for feasible coexistence with the environment
Beyond Surface Comparison: Epistemic Frameworks in al-Ghazālī and Kant
No full textThis study explores the critical philosophies of al-Ghazālī and Immanuel Kant, emphasizing the structural frameworks that underpin their approaches to reason, metaphysics, and the limits of human knowledge. While prior scholarship has largely highlighted surface similarities in their treatment of rational inquiry and metaphysical speculation, this paper argues that such comparisons obscure the deeper divergences rooted in their respective intellectual architectures. Al-Ghazālī’s critique arises from a religiously grounded epistemology, wherein reason serves to elucidate and defend divine truths, whereas Kant’s critique is grounded in pure reason, aiming to delineate the boundaries of rational inquiry and establish a metaphysical framework for moral and theological understanding. By examining their approaches to metaphysics, causality, and the interplay of empirical and rational knowledge, this paper situates their critiques within broader epistemological and philosophical traditions, revealing the distinct yet convergent pursuit of "critique of reason" in both Islamic and Western thought. The analysis underscores that the shared features in their critiques are contingent upon deeper differences in the foundations, methods, and objectives of their thought
An Analytical Study of Dr. Mohar Ali’s Intellectual Legacy in refuting the Orientalists’ Narratives on the Prophetic Sirah
No full textThis research paper aims to analyze the efforts and scope of the contemporary Islamic scholar, Dr. Muhammad Mohar Ali in confronting and refuting the Orientalists’ views regarding the Sirah of the Holy Prophet PBUH. Dr. Mohar Ali in his book “Sirat al Nabi and the Orientalist”, counters various allegations put forth by the Orientalists especially David Samuel Margoliouth, William Muir and William Montgomery Watt. He briefly examines and refutes the false claims of Orientalists including that the family of the noble Prophet PBUH was of no importance, allegation of Prophet PBUH having epilepsy, the financial motive behind the marriage of the Prophet PBUH to Hazrat Khadijah R.A., the commandments of the Holy Qur'an being taken from Christianity and Judaism and many other related components. Using a painstaking methodology founded on Islamic historiography, Dr. Mohar Ali reinforces the integrity of the Holy Prophet PBUH, the legitimacy of the Holy Qur'an, and nature of his mission. A scholarly, evidence-driven response to the realm of Orientalist scholars, it provides Islamic historiography with a fierce defense against ideological bias. This research exemplifies Dr. Mohar Ali's important involvement to re-imagining of the early Muslim history and serves like a well-balanced answer to the Orientalist arguments which have shaped Western perception of Islam and its early texts
The Sanctity of Place in Iqbal's Thought: An Aesthetic-Analytical Reading: قدسية المكان عند إقبال: قراءة تحليلية جمالية
No full textThis study offers an aesthetic-analytical reading of the concept of the sanctity of place in the thought of Allama Muhammad Iqbal. The central aim of the research is to examine how Iqbal redefines sacred space not merely as a physical or historical location but as a dynamic symbol deeply connected with spiritual consciousness, ethical responsibility, and collective identity. By analyzing selected poetic and prose texts, the paper explores Iqbal’s philosophical engagement with places such as Makkah, Madinah, and Jerusalem, and investigates how these spaces function as sources of moral renewal, aesthetic experience, and civilizational awakening.
The study addresses key research questions: How does Iqbal conceptualize the sanctity of place within his broader metaphysical and aesthetic framework? In what ways does sacred space contribute to the formation of individual and communal selfhood in his thought? How does Iqbal’s treatment of place differ from purely ritualistic or geographical understandings of sanctity?
Methodologically, the paper employs a qualitative and interpretive approach, combining close textual analysis with aesthetic theory and philosophical hermeneutics. This analytical framework allows for a nuanced understanding of symbolism, imagery, and metaphysical depth in Iqbal’s writings.
The research highlights the contemporary relevance of Iqbal’s ideas by demonstrating how his notion of sacred space can foster social cohesion, ethical awareness, and a renewed sense of purpose in modern Muslim societies. By reconnecting spiritual values with lived spaces, the study suggests that Iqbal’s thought offers meaningful insights for addressing cultural fragmentation and moral disorientation in the present age.
American Christian Zionism and Israel-Palestine Conflict: A Rapture or Rupture
No full textThe main argument of this paper is that American support for the state of Israel needs to be considered in the backdrop of the Christian Zionism and as a religious and theological motif rather than merely a political ally. Thus, how the Christian Zionists have purposefully worked to support the Jews to get settled in Israel by assisting them in migration and by supporting their cause of restoration of the Promised Land needs to be seen as a profound ideological commitment. Through a contextual analysis of the emergence of Christian Zionists the paper attempts to explore and highlight the approaches, interpretations and the prospects of this theological utopia. The paper seeks the answers firstly, how the traditional supersessionalist or replacement view of Israel was replaced with the restorationist views based on the literalist understanding of the Biblical verses about Israel after the reformation period? Secondly it explores that how this theological shift has contributed to the emergence of Christian Zionist eschatological view of the restoration of Israel and led to the the American Evanglical outlook. Finally, this paper attempts to conclude that the impact of American Christian Zionist tendencies on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict should not be undervalued rather it needs to be reconsidered in view of the American stance during the recent episodes of violence and genocide in Palestine
خلافت اسلامیہ کا جدید اسلامی معاشی مفکرین کی آراء کی روشنی میں نظامات ِعصر سے تجزیہ و خاکۂ تقابل: Analysis and Outline Comparison of Islamic Caliphate with Contemporary Islamic systems in the Light of the Opinions of Modern Islamic Economic Thinkers
No full textThe source of governance in Islam is the institution of the caliphate and the essence of the caliphate. The distinction between caliph and caliphate is generally the same as what has historically been assumed throughout the world to be between the crown and the crown prince, but this is only partially true. There is not much difference between Khalifa and Khilafat. His position is that of the successor of Allah and then of His Messenger Hazrat Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him). One who uses all powers as a trust while remaining within the limits of the Shari’ah. He can explain the law but he cannot lay the foundation of any law. This position is the only example of its kind in the entire human history of the past. His method of governance is superior in all respects to the system offered by any other civilization. In the opinion of modern Islamic economic thinkers of the subcontinent, it is not only necessary but also mandatory to compare it with other systems of governance and economy of the present time so that the golden system of justice of Islam can be better understood. Nowadays, Islamic states are moving rapidly from Islamic republics to Western institutional democracies. Because these sources of power i.e. the people are now forgetting Islam as a religion and considering it as a mere religion. Therefore, the revival of Islam as a complete system of life, i.e. religion, has become very necessary. This can only happen when all the nuances of the West as well as the East are fully understood
سورت العصرکی روشنی میں مولانا عبیداللہ سندھی کانظریہ ’’قرٓانی اصولِ انقلاب‘‘ کاتجزیاتی مطالعہ : Analytical Study of Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi's Theory of "Qurani Shaoor-e-Inqilab" in the Light of Surat Al-Asr
No full textThis research article critically examines Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi's theory of "ْQurani Shaoor-e-Inqilab" in the light of Surah Al-Asr. While differing from traditional exegeses, Maulana Sindhi’s unique interpretative approach emphasizes addressing contemporary issues without diverging from fundamental Islamic beliefs. He interprets Qur'anic wisdom in a way that resonates with modern intellectual minds, especially targeting youth trapped in the socio-cultural influence of the West. Sindhi’s work highlights the Qur’an as a comprehensive guide to human revolution, emphasizing immutable values aligned with human nature. Through the example of Surah Al-Asr, he underscores the significance of revolutionary movements rooted in truth, perseverance, and collective struggle as essential elements for societal progress. His insights aim to inspire a universal movement fostering human excellence in political, economic, and spiritual dimensions
Comparative Analysis of the Concept of Religion in modern Western and Islamic Thought
Get PDFThis research article examines the multifaceted concept of religion in Islamic and Western thought, focusing on the Qur’ānic terminologies of Dīn (a comprehensive way of life), ‘Ibādah (total submission to Allah), and Da’wah (the ethical propagation of Islam). In contrast to Western philosophical perspectives that often reduce religion to emotional, psychological, or poetic dimensions, Islam envisions it as an integrated framework encompassing spiritual, social, ethical, and political aspects of human life. The analysis draws upon Western thinkers such as Schleiermacher, Freud, Herder, and Eliade to illustrate how fragmented views of religion have shaped the discourse in Western intellectual traditions. These perspectives are compared with the holistic Qur’ānic approach, which unifies sacred and secular domains under divine sovereignty. The study highlights that reducing Islam to isolated dimensions—ritualism, mysticism, or legalism—fails to capture its comprehensive nature as Dīn. Ibadah transcends rituals, emphasizing spiritual devotion integrated with ethical and societal responsibilities, while Da’wah is presented as a compassionate, wisdom-driven invitation to Islam. The findings underscore the necessity for Muslims to embrace the holistic principles of Dīn, ensuring that Islam remains a relevant and transformative force in the modern world. This research offers a critical framework for reorienting Islamic understanding toward its original, unified essence, enabling individuals and communities to embody the faith comprehensively