IUB Journals (Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
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An Analytical Study of the Noble Contributions of the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) Ancestors in the Administration of Makkah Mukarramah
No full textThe tradition of serving the pilgrims of the Kaaba and ensuring their hospitality has been a noble legacy upheld by the ancestors of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). From Prophet Ibrahim (AS), who excavated the well of Zamzam, to Qusay ibn Kilab, who established the systems of Siqayah (providing water) and Rifadah (providing food), the leaders of Makkah prioritized the comfort of Hajj pilgrims.
Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, known for his generosity during famine, expanded these services, while Abdul-Muttalib revived the lost well of Zamzam and emphasized feeding the needy. Abu Talib, despite financial hardships, continued this tradition by borrowing funds to host pilgrims, demonstrating unwavering dedication to hospitality.
This historical account highlights the deep-rooted values of generosity, service, and respect for the guests of Allah’s House—a legacy that laid the foundation for Islamic teachings on Hajj and hospitality
خیبر پختون خواکے جنوبی اضلاع میں خواتین کی تعلیم کے سماجی اثرات کا تحقیقی جائزہ: A Research Study on the Social Impacts of Women's Education in the Southern Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
No full textThis article explores the growing global emphasis on women's rights, noting that many modern movements, while advocating for female autonomy, often undermine traditional family structures. Slogans such as "My body, my choice" and "Heat your own food" are cited as examples of rebellion against religious and familial values. Although various religions claim to uphold human rights, the article argues that Islam uniquely grants and protects women's rights. Despite this, Islam faces intense media scrutiny, especially regarding its treatment of women, leading to confusion and identity crises among Muslim women. The article highlights the contradiction between Islamic teachings and their flawed implementation in Muslim societies—such as the denial of inheritance and domestic abuse—which fuels anti-Islamic propaganda. The Pashtun region, known for its strong adherence to Islamic values, is a particular target of such criticism. A common accusation is that Pashtun society restricts women's education and work opportunities. Through research focused on the southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, this study investigates the educational, religious, and social roles of Pashtun women. It seeks to debunk misleading stereotypes and demonstrate that within Islamic guidelines, women in this region are actively engaged in education and contribute meaningfully to society
The Role of the Supreme Court in Democratic Development in Pakistan (2009–2021)
Full text linkThis article studies the role of the apex judiciary in the democratic development in Pakistan from 2009 to 2021, while focusing on the complex institutional interaction and power negotiations between the institutions and politicians. This study utilises a qualitative approach by conducting a case study analysis of selected important judicial verdicts of the apex court through the theoretical lens of the democratic consolidation theory, which requires the “willingness” of key players of a polity to keep democracy as the only game in town. This study contributes to the understanding of the apex judiciary’s behaviour towards democracy in Pakistan, by analysing selected verdicts of apex court involving important political disputes: the legitimacy of Musharraf’s emergency during PPP’s government, disqualification of PPP’s Prime Minister, allegation of defaming the military against PMLN’s Prime Minister, disqualification of PMLN’s Prime Minister and the PTI’s demand for open balloting for Senate’s election. It underscores that the role of the apex judiciary didn’t remain consistent towards democratic development during this period, as some verdicts exhibited a high “willingness” towards democratic development, but other verdicts prioritized compliance of judicial orders, accountability and procedural adherence over political stability, substantial democracy and representation, which resulted into the political loss to the ruling parties PPP, PMLN and PTI during this period. Therefore, the article concludes that the apex judicial forum played a mixed role towards democratic development during the period 2009-2021.
Keywords:, Supreme Court of Pakistan, Democratic Consolidation, Judicial Activism, Hybrid Democracy, Civil-Military Relations
اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں داعی کے اوصاف اور عصرِ حاضر میں ان کی عملی جہات: Attributes of a Dā‘ī in the Light of Islamic Teachings and Their Practical Dimensions in the Contemporary Era
No full textThe role of a Dā‘ī (Islamic preacher or inviter to Islam) has always been central to the spread and understanding of Islam. Rooted in the teachings of the Qur’an, the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, and the legacy of the rightly guided scholars, the mission of a Dā‘ī is not merely to convey information but to transform hearts and societies through wisdom, character, and relevance. This research explores the essential attributes of a Dā‘ī as derived from Islamic sources, emphasizing qualities such as sincerity (ikhlās), patience (ṣabr), wisdom (ḥikmah), compassion, eloquence, and moral integrity. These traits are not only foundational for effective communication but also serve as a bridge between Islamic values and the complex realities of the modern world.
In today’s rapidly evolving socio-cultural landscape, a Dā‘ī faces unique challenges—secularism, pluralism, media influence, and youth disengagement—necessitating a nuanced and contextual approach to Da‘wah. This study analyzes how the classical traits of a Dā‘ī can be practically applied in contemporary contexts, including digital media, interfaith dialogue, academic institutions, and multicultural societies. Through a qualitative approach, the research draws upon classical texts, modern scholarly discourse, and real-world case studies to propose a balanced framework for Da‘wah in the 21st century.
Ultimately, the study aims to highlight how the timeless principles of Islamic Da‘wah, when combined with contextual awareness and strategic insight, can effectively guide Muslims in fulfilling their prophetic responsibility in the modern world.
Navigating Muslim Ethics: Feminist Waves and the Argument for Recognizing Compensation for Household Activities
No full textThis paper critically examines evolving issues of gender justice in Islamic contexts, focusing on the connections between Islamic ethics, feminism, and specifically the argument of “unpaid domestic work”. It explores the historical context of Islamic feminism, identifying key figures and movements that reinterpreted Islamic texts to advocate for gender equality. This article explores contemporary debates about women's unpaid domestic work, examining arguments for and against wages in feminist and Islamic circles. It also examines the role of Islamic rights in shaping women's rights, the complexities of patriarchal interpretations, and their impact on changing family and social norms. While supporting traditional values and contemporary women's movements, this study highlights the challenges and possibilities of achieving gender justice while remaining true to Islamic teachings. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for ongoing discussion and research to bridge the gap between traditional and modern understandings of gender equity and to promote gender roles and equitable treatment of women in Muslim societies
(الفروق الأساسية بين الأدب التقليدي والأدب الرقمي (دراسة تحليلية و مقارنة: "The Fundamental Differences Between Traditional Literature and Digital Literature" (Comparitive and Analytical Study)
No full textThis study explores the fundamental differences between traditional literature and digital literature in light of contemporary cultural and technological transformations. Digital literature has emerged as a new literary phenomenon that transcends printed form to the realm of interactive digital media. This paper aims to identify stylistic, linguistic, technical, and aesthetic differences between the two types of literature, highlighting their distinctive features in terms of publication, reception, and literary aesthetics. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical methodology and seeks to present a balanced perspective on the advantages and challenges of each literary form within the contemporary Arab context
DermaGuard-Net: An Attention-Enhanced Deep Learning Framework for Robust Psoriasis Classification: DermaGuard-Net: An Attention-Enhanced Deep Learning Framework for Robust Psoriasis Classification
No full textPsoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease of the skin, which affects more than 125 million individuals worldwide and is marked by inflamed and scaled skin lesions and major comorbidities. The conventional methodologies of diagnosis namely clinical examination, histological and dermoscopic imaging are biased, time consuming and rely on dermatological experience. Artificial intelligence (AI) and especially deep learning (DL) is a game-changer in the field of medical image analysis in recent years. CNNs and other sophisticated models like ResNet, DenseNet, EfficientNet, and Vision Transformers (ViTs) have proved to be more successful than traditional models in dermatological image classification, being more successful in terms of accuracy and efficiency. This article is a research-based discussion of the deep learning methods of psoriasis detection and a comprehensive discussion. We consider classic diagnostic issues, examine the AI models of the state-of-the-art and provide a deep learning architecture where CNN-based transfer learning and attention mechanisms are combined to enhance lesion classification. The experimental findings indicate classification rates over 96 percent, which implies clinical applicability of the DL-based dermatological diagnostics. Major issues, such as the diversity of the data, calculation costs, and interpretability of the model are critically analyzed. Lastly, we suggest some future research doctrines, such as explainable AI, expanded dataset, and integrating with precision medicine. This article highlights the importance of deep learning as the foundation of a new generation of dermatology, which will allow to diagnose psoriasis accurately, quickly, and at scale
الظروف الزمانية المعربة ودلالاتها في القرآن الكريم: The Inflected Temporal Adverbs and Their Meanings in the Holy Qur’an
No full textThis study explores the inflected temporal adverbs (al-ẓurūf al-zamāniyya al-mu‘rabah) and their semantic implications in the Holy Qur’an. Temporal adverbs are linguistic tools that indicate time and contribute to the clarity and depth of meaning in Qur’anic verses. The research analyzes various examples of these adverbs, examining their grammatical forms, syntactic roles, and the contextual meanings they convey within the Qur’anic text. By highlighting how these adverbs function across different contexts, the study reveals their significance in enhancing temporal understanding, rhetorical impact, and the overall coherence of Qur’anic discourse. The findings demonstrate that the Qur’anic use of temporal adverbs is both precise and purposeful, serving not only linguistic but alsothematic and theological function. This study investigates the grammatical structure and semantic functions of inflected temporal adverbs in the Holy Qur’an. Temporal adverbs play a vital role in organizing time-related references within Qur’anic discourse, contributing to both syntactic coherence and interpretive depth. The research aims to identify and classify the primary inflected temporal adverbs used in the Qur’anic text
قرآنی مخطوطات کی رسم شناسی: قدیم حجازی اور کوفی رسم الخط کاتجزیاتی مطالعہ: Script Typology in Qur’anic Manuscripts: An Analytical Study of Early Hijazi and Kufic Scripts
No full textThis study investigates the script typology of early Qur’anic manuscripts, focusing on the analytical examination of Hijazi and Kufic scripts within the framework of Islamic palaeography. Drawing upon primary manuscript evidence from leading collections, including examples from Ṣanʿāʾ, Tashkent, Topkapi, and the Blue Qurʾān, the research delineates the morphological, structural, and aesthetic characteristics that distinguish these two formative styles of Qur’anic calligraphy. The Hijazi script, with its distinctive slant, angularity, and absence of diacritical marks, is examined in relation to its historical context in the first century AH, particularly in the Hijaz region. In contrast, the Kufic script, characterized by its rectilinear geometry, proportional balance, and ornamental variations such as Floriated, Knotted, and Square Kufic, is situated within the late 1st–3rd century AH Abbasid calligraphic tradition. The study integrates script typology with palaeographic analysis, comparing scribal practices, orthographic conventions, and decorative features, and evaluating their significance for dating and localizing early Qur’anic codices. This research further engages with scholarly debates—both classical and contemporary—on the evolution and classification of early Arabic scripts, referencing the works of François Déroche, Éléonore Cellard, Sheila Blair, and Alain George. The findings underscore the critical role of script typology in reconstructing the textual, artistic, and cultural history of the Qur’an, and highlight the necessity of integrating traditional manuscript studies with digital imaging and database tools for future scholarship.
Keywords: Qur’anic manuscripts, script typology, Hijazi script, Kufic script, palaeography, codicology, Islamic calligraphy
I Interpretations of the Verse of Surah Al-Nur ('Lā yubdīna zīnatahunna illā mā ẓahara minhā'): Research and Analytical Study of Shariah Boundaries of Hijab from the Companions to Contemporary Scholars: سورہ النور کی آیت ﴿ ولا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا﴾ کی تعبیرات: صحابہ سے معاصر علماء تک حجاب کی شرعی حدود کا تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ
No full textThis paper presents a research-based and comparative analysis of legal boundaries of Hijab under the Surah Al-Nur, verse 30: ﴿ ولا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا﴾. The primary objective of the study is to explore how scholars across different periods have interpreted this verse. The central research question addressed is"What interpretive and juristic trends regarding this verse emerged from the time of the Companions to contemporary scholars, and which interpretation has been predominantly accepted by the majority?" To answer this, the views of forty esteemed scholars—ranging from the Companions, Successors, and classical exegetes to modern commentators—have been compiled in chronological order. These include: Hazrat Āishah, Ibn ʿAbbās, Ibn Masʿūd, Ibn Jubayr, Nakhaʿī, Ḍaḥḥāk, Ḥasan, ʿAṭāʾ, Awzāʿī, Ibn Jurayj, Ṭabarī, Rāzī, Ibn Aṭiyyah, Abū Ḥayyān, Ibn Qudāmah, Qurṭubī, Bayḍāwī, Ibn-e-Jawzī, Ibn Kathīr, Mazharī, Ālūsī, Muṣṭafā Marāghī, Mawdūdī, Pīr Karam Shāh, Mufti Shafīʿ, Amīn Aḥsan Iṣlāḥī, Ashraf Thānawī, and Idrīs Kāndhlawī etc. The research identifies two major trends, one group understands “illā mā ẓahara minhā” as referring only to visible clothing like garments or outer cloak, while the other group allows for the face and hands to be exposed, provided there is no fear of temptation. According to the majority of jurists, the face and hands are not legally considered parts of the body that must be covered. Although other verses and hadiths also support the obligation of covering the face, this paper focuses solely on the mentioned verse for thematic focus and brevity. In today’s morally challenging environment, the importance of facial covering becomes even more pronounced in light of modesty, precaution, and blocking the means (sadd al-dharāʾiʿ). This study presents a balanced exegetical and juristic perspective, aiming to provide scholarly guidance on the legal boundaries of hijab in the contemporary context.
Key words: Legal boundaries, Hijab, Companions, Successors, Classical exegetes, Contemporary scholars, Face and Hands