IUB Journals (Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
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Impact of Employment on Multidimensional Poverty: A Case Study of Rawalpindi District Pakistan
No full textObjective: The present study attempts to investigate the role of employment on multi-dimensional poverty (MPI) of Rawalpindi district.
Research Gap: The existing empirical literature on poverty in Pakistan hints to numerous general inferences; for example, a large number of studies focused on the measurement and determinants of monetary poverty. However, limited number of empirical studies has examined multidimensional poverty. However, little attention has given the impact of employment on multidimensional poverty particularly at the household level in the Rawalpindi district. This study aims to fill this gap in the existing literature.
Design/Methodology/Approach: In this study, the Alkire and Foster (2011) methodology is used to estimate the incidence of poverty. Poverty is measured at two levels (district and regions) and in three dimensions (Education, health, and living standard). For this purpose, the employment status, occupations, and major industrial sector are considered for households. Further, study investigates the impact of employment on multidimensional poverty using Ordinary least square method (OLS).
The Main Findings: Using regression analysis we find that employment status is significant and negatively associated with the poverty of households. The community sector is showing negative and significant results. Overall, the results show that employment and poverty have an inverse relation. For reducing poverty, the government should provide job opportunities in those sectors and occupations where there are more chances of poverty alleviation.
Theoretical / Practical Implications of the Findings:
Theoretically, this study is based on Amartya Sen's Capability approach, which states that poverty is a multidimensional term in nature. Since there are many different aspects to poverty, measuring it only in monetary terms is not useful. Based on the empirical findings, this study urges decision-makers to move beyond income-centric views of poverty and must focus on enhancing people's freedoms to lead lives that they give value. If the decision-makers design policies to overcome the structural barriers and expand individuals' choices, Pakistan can make a sustainable pathway out of poverty.
Originality/Value:
By employing the regression analysis using a multidimensional poverty dataset, the study provides valuable insight on the impact of employment level on poverty in Rawalpindi district. Further, the findings of the study provide practical implications for policymakers seeking to reduce poverty and enhance the employment level at the household level in the Rawalpindi district
A Systematic Literature Review on Employee Innovative Behavior in SMEs
No full textObjective: By means of a literature review, this study attempts to methodically investigate and pinpoint the major elements impacting employee innovative behavior in small and medium businesses. It aims to create a thorough framework that will aid in upcoming scholarly research and useful interventions in small and medium enterprises (SMEs).
Research Gap: Even with the growing importance of employee innovative behavior (EIB) in SMEs, there is still a dearth of comprehensive and contextualized knowledge about the variables affecting this kind of behavior, especially in developing nations. Furthermore, there is little theoretical integration in this area between organizational context, HRM, and leadership.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using the Scopus database and Google Scholar, covering studies from 2012 to 2022. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to ensure rigorous selection and analysis of relevant literature. One limitation is the focus on only two databases, which may exclude other relevant sources.
The Main Findings: The review divided the relevant factors into four major categories: supervisor feedback, contextual organizational factors, human resource management practices, and leadership. The contribution of each element to the advancement of EIB in SMEs was investigated. A conceptual framework was created to show these connections.
Theoretical / Practical Implications of the Findings: The findings offer theoretical insights into how various organizational elements contribute to EIB and provide a basis for future empirical research. Practically, the framework can help SME leaders and HR practitioners design supportive environments that enhance innovation at the employee level.
Originality/Value: This study is one of the first to provide a rigorous synthesis of the literature on EIB in SMEs spanning ten years, integrating disparate findings into a cohesive framework. By connecting theoretical and practical viewpoints, it offers fresh insights, particularly when considering developing economies
الصعوبات الثقافية واللغوية في ترجمة الروايات العربية المترجمة إلى الأردية: "Cultural and Linguistic Difficulties in Translating Arabic Novels into Urdu
No full textThis study examines the Difficulties of the translation of Arabic novels into Urdu in both aspects: Cultural and linguistic. The objective was to analyze and evaluate the translation of Arabic Novels into Urdu. The method followed in the research was to analyze and evaluate the Translated Arabic Novels into Urdu according to the Cultural and Linguistic Difficulties and issues; the research includes the introduction, three sections, the findings, and an index of sources and references. The 1st section contains the Cultural Difficulties in translating Arabic novels into Urdu, and ways to overcome them, the 2nd section contains the Linguistic Difficulties in translating Arabic novels into Urdu, and ways to overcome them, the 3rd sections contains the Examples of Arabic novels translated into Urdu. Primary sources were consulted to understand the Arabic Novels and its translation into Urdu. The research found that the Translation plays a pivotal role in the transmission of cultures and languages, and it is considered one of the key pillars of scientific, cultural, and intellectual renaissances for various languages and nations. However, literary translation from Arabic into Urdu faces several challenges that complicate the translator’s task and hinder the translation process. These challenges are primarily cultural and linguistic in nature, particularly when translating Arabic novels into Urdu. The majority of Arabic novels translated into Urdu have passed through an intermediary language, most commonly English. Many Arabic novels were first translated into English, and given that the educated class and translators in the Indian subcontinent are proficient in English, they have relied heavily on these English translations to produce Urdu versions. Naturally, such translations, mediated through a third language, lack the same level of fidelity and authenticity as those rendered directly from the source language (Arabic) into the target language (Urdu). The study recommends that it is imperative to transfer Arabic literature into the Urdu language through the medium of translation; such as novels, short stories, autobiographies, travelogues, plays, detective fiction, diaspora literature, women’s literature, prison literature, children’s literature, and satirical journalism, among others
Impact of Radicalisation and Violent Extremism on Psychological Distress among University Students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the impact of radicalisation and violent extremism on psychological distress among university students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study used a purposive sampling technique, comprising 200 university students (100 males, 100 females) with a mean age of 25 years (SD = 8.40) from various institutions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data were collected using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10; Kessler et al., 2003) to measure anxiety and depression and the Extremism Scale (ES; Ozer & Bertelsen, 2018) to assess radicalisation and violent extremism tendencies. Correlation analyses revealed a significant positive association between radical extremism and psychological distress and a weak negative correlation between age and distress. Gender comparisons showed females reported higher distress than males. These findings suggest that younger students and those with extremist tendencies are at greater risk of psychological distress, with females potentially facing higher distress severity
Role of Leadership in Gendered Workplace Ostracism: Evidence from Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan
No full textGender discrimination remains a persistent barrier to women's advancement in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Pakistan. This study investigates the impact of perceived gender discrimination on workplace ostracism among female academic staff and explores how leadership styles moderate this relationship. Using a quantitative exploratory research design, data were collected through structured questionnaires from female faculty members across public and private universities in Punjab. The findings reveal a significant positive association between perceived gender discrimination and workplace ostracism. Moreover, negative leadership styles were found to intensify this relationship, while supportive leadership mitigated the effects. The study underscores the importance of inclusive leadership and institutional reforms to counteract gender-based ostracism in academic environments. The findings provide practical insights for university policymakers and leaders to create a more equitable and inclusive work culture
فری لانسنگ : شریعہ وقانون کے تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ
No full textAbstract:
Freelancing has become an increasingly popular means of employment globally, and its importance continues to grow in Pakistan. From an Islamic legal perspective, freelancing is categorized under Ijarah, a contractual agreement where an individual provides services in return for a specified fee. For freelancing to be valid under Islamic law, all conditions of Ijara must be met, including a clear contract, specified remuneration, and defined scope of work. In cases where these conditions are satisfied, freelancing is permissible. Freelance platforms, such as Upwork and Fiverr, function as intermediaries or brokers, connecting freelancers with clients. These platforms charge a commission or service fee for facilitating transactions, which is akin to the role of a dallal (broker) in Islamic commercial law.
In Pakistan, the taxation of freelancers remains a significant issue. Despite the growing number of freelancers, there is no specific tax policy for them. However, freelancers who are registered with the Pakistan Software Export Board (PSEB) are required to pay 0.25% income tax. Freelancers who are not PSEB-registered are subject to a 1% tax on their income. Additionally, the use of VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) and payment gateways remains a critical concern, with no clear solution in place for secure transactions. The lack of a structured tax framework and regulatory oversight presents challenges for the freelance industry in Pakistan. In light of Islamic commercial principles and evolving tax policies, it is crucial to develop a framework that ensures fair treatment, transparency, and sustainability for freelancers in the country.
The purpose of this research is to inform people about the permissibility of earning money through freelancing from both an Islamic and legal perspective. It will address whether freelancing is allowed under Sharia law, the applicable taxes on freelancing income, and the legal regulations governing it.
The Issue of the Ascension and Second Coming of Prophet Isa AH: Perspective of Javed Ahmad Ghamdi and Dr. Israr Ahmad
No full textThe majority of Muslims in this world follow the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah exactly, but there is room for debate and conflict over things that are not mentioned in the Holy Quran. Muslims believe in Ahadith (saying of the Prophetﷺ) because Ahadith upholds the utmost importance after the verses of the Quran. However, some people among Muslims argue about Ahadith's authenticity and reserve a parallel opinion instead of accepting it as it is, especially while giving arguments on some specific topics. One such topic is whether or not Prophet Isa ascended and will return to this world. This study provides the opinion of two renowned contemporary scholars, Javed Ahmad Ghamidi and Dr. Israr Ahmad. The study debates through the Quranic verses that Prophet Isa died or ascended to the heavens and includes the famous Ahadith related to his ascension and second coming to this world. The study also discusses the people who are categorically against the return of Prophet Isa and their evidence about it. The study includes the opinion of Javed Ahmad Ghamdi about this belief and his statement about the difference between verses ofi ithe Quran and the Ahadithii of the iProphet. The study also discusses Christianity's belief in the Prophet Isa. It explains how the second coming of Prophet Isa is a cornerstone of Islamic eschatology. Authentic Hadiths from the Prophet Muhammad confirm his return before the Day of Judgement. The ascension and second coming of Prophet Isa show thoughtful aspects for Muslims, whether they find it extremely unusual. There is a consensus among Islamic scholars that this event indeed unfolds Allah's divine plan. These beliefs not only affirm the truth of Islam but also guide Muslims in preparing for the ultimate accountability before Allah while having belief in the Ahadith of the Holy Prophet
Development of Capacity Building Mechanism for Non-Academic Staff in Public Sector Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan
Get PDFNon-academic staff play a critical role in the administration, governance, and operational efficiency of public sector higher education institutions (HEIs) in Pakistan. However, limited capacity-building initiatives hinder their professional development, affecting institutional performance. This study explores the training needs, challenges, and skill gaps among non-academic personnel and proposes a structured capacity-building mechanism. A pilot study with 50 participants was conducted using a quantitative survey approach, followed by statistical validation, reliability analysis, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The findings indicate insufficient training opportunities, resistance to digital transformation, and a lack of standardized professional development policies. The study emphasizes the need for HEC-led national training frameworks, dedicated funding, and competency-based learning models to enhance staff efficiency and institutional governance. The research provides evidence-based recommendations to improve non-academic staff development in Pakistan’s HEIs, ensuring long-term sustainability and operational effectiveness in higher education administration
Understanding China’s Growing Global Influence: Perspectives and Assessments
Get PDFFrom its aberration to classical Westphalian statehood features to global ascendancy, the key words such as ideational factors, identity, and normative structures, hold key to debate the growing global influence of China. The classical scholarship of modern statehood and international relations is pre-dominantly western, and it has its structural limitations to take on the key question of this research which goes as following: ‘How to understand the increasing power and influence of China in the global arena?’. So far, a conscious effort has been made to give Chinese International Relations’ scholarship an edge over the western literature as self -perception and identity politics holds key to understand the recent expansionist mood in global arena. Methodologically, the qualitative approach has been adopted to address the given question. As scholarship of international relations theories has been the key focus of the research so the key question has been first dealt in taking appraisal of causal and constitutive theories. The subsequent portion takes on the estimate of historicizing China’s Theory of International Relations. The last two sections have been focused on application of social constructivism to assess the China’s rise on global stage, and likewise the internal academic quest of China’s International Relations scholarship has been placed under the assessment to deliberate post-reformist International Relations Theory of International Relations. The research concludes on the note; that despite of its limitations still social constructivism provides a robust framework for understanding China’s foreign policy as a dynamic process of identity formation and normative adaptation, offering insights into its future trajectory in an increasingly interconnected world.
Key Words: Ideational Factors, Normative Structure, Qualitative Approach, China’s International Relations Theory, Social Constructivism
Impact of Triple-A Capabilities on Environmental Performance: Implications for Public Policy
Get PDFTriple-A Capabilities—comprising “Agility, Adaptability, and Alignment”—are recognized as essential for enhancing “supply chain performance” globally. Existing literature highlights the need for further investigation of the link between “Triple-A Capabilities” and “Environmental Performance”, especially within the context of developing nations. Accordingly, this research examines the relationship between these capabilities and “Environmental Performance” in Pakistan's pesticide industry. A quantitative approach was adopted under the positivist research paradigm. Initially, a review of existing literature helped to develop a conceptual framework to understand the interplay between “Triple-A Capabilities” and “Environmental Performance”. Subsequently, empirical data were gathered through an online structured questionnaire to test the proposed conceptual framework. The analysis was carried out using SmartPLS 4.0. Findings revealed a significant positive effect between “Triple-A Capabilities” and “Environmental Performance”. From a public policy perspective, it is recommended that government agencies promote the integration of Triple-A Capabilities through targeted supply chain training programs and regulatory incentives. Additionally, environmental compliance frameworks should be revised to encourage agility, adaptability, and alignment in operations. Future studies should be conducted across different countries and industrial sectors to increase the generalizability of the findings of current study.
Keywords: Triple-A Capabilities, Environmental Performance, Pesticide Firms, Public Policy, Pakista