IUB Journals (Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
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Ibn Ḥajr’s Chronological Critique of Ḥadīth Narrations in al-Talkhīṣ al-Ḥabīr: A Historical-Critical Study
No full textThis study aims to examine the methodology of historical criticism employed by Ibn Ḥajr in his work al-Talkhīṣ al-Ḥabīr. It highlights the contribution of isnād and matn criticism in correcting historical inaccuracies. The data used in this research consist of both primary and secondary sources, analyzed descriptively. The theoretical framework adopted is the theory of historical criticism, with conclusions drawn through a deductive approach. The findings clearly show that the scholars of ḥadīth paid great attention to the authenticity of transmissions, both in terms of their chains of narrators (isnād) and textual content (matn). Ibn Ḥajr, Ibn al-Turkumānī, and other scholars demonstrated a critical stance in examining narrations that contained irregularities (iḍṭirāb), additional wordings, or weaknesses in narrators. On the other hand, numerous narrations were transmitted through multiple transmission routes, thereby strengthening their authority, although scholarly disagreements in evaluation persisted. The historical-critical approach reveals that the authenticity of a ḥadīth cannot be determined solely by the continuity of its isnād, but must also consider the conformity of its matn with historical facts, chronology, and socio-cultural context. Thus, ḥadīth research emphasizes the importance of being cautious, objective, and comparative in assessing narrations to preserve the core message of the Prophet’s traditions from distortion and misunderstanding
از حقیقت تا مجاز: حکمتِ متعالیہ و شعرِ فارسی میں وحدتِ وجود کا بیانیہ: From Reality to Metaphor: The Discourse of Waḥdat al-Wujūd in Mullā Ṣadrā’s Transcendent Philosophy and Classical Persian Poetry
No full textThis study explores the conceptual and expressive convergence between Ḥikmat-e Mutaʿāliyah (Transcendent Philosophy) and classical Persian poetry in articulating the doctrine of Waḥdat al-Wujūd (Unity of Being). Rooted in the metaphysical legacy of Ibn ʿArabī, the doctrine underwent profound philosophical refinement in the works of Mullā Ṣadrā, whose dynamic ontology—based on the primacy, gradation, and substantial motion of existence—provided a rigorous intellectual framework for understanding the unity, multiplicity, and manifestation of Being. This research investigates how Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophical exposition resonates with, and in many ways parallels, the poetic metaphors of Rumi, Hafez, Attar, and other Persian masters. Through a comparative hermeneutic approach, the study examines how Persian poetry employs metaphorical structures—such as the lover–beloved, mirror and reflection, ocean and wave, light and shadow—to express experiential aspects of unity that rational discourse alone cannot contain. These metaphors serve not as mere literary embellishments but as epistemic tools that reveal intuitive dimensions of Being, complementing the philosophical precision of Transcendent Theosophy. Conversely, Mullā Ṣadrā’s ontology provides a metaphysical foundation that illuminates the philosophical depth embedded within poetic imagery. The interplay between reality (ḥaqīqat) and metaphor (majāz) thus emerges as a dynamic continuum rather than a rigid dichotomy. The study argues that both traditions—philosophical and poetic—ultimately participate in a shared discursive project: unveiling the gradated unity of existence through different but mutually enriching modes of expression. The findings contribute to broader debates on Islamic metaphysics, poetic epistemology, and the aesthetic articulation of ontological insight
C Cobalt Nanoparticle Synthesis, Identification, and Microbial Evaluation Using the Drumstick Leaf Extract through Sustainable Route: Muhammad Amjad Riaza, Abdul Qadir Ahmad b, Mudassam Ali, Sidra Khanam Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Vehari Campus 61100 Vehari, Pakistan. Institute of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, 54000 Lahore Pakistan. Institute of Chemical Science, Baha ud din Zikria University Multan, 60800, Multan Pakistan. Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan.
No full textWe synthesize the cobalt nanoparticles using drumstick leaf extract and cobalt chloride. We use drumstick leaf extract as both a reducing and capping agent. We synthesized the cobalt nanoparticles using an extract from drumstick leaves. We subsequently subjected these nanoparticles to analysis using advanced techniques like SEM, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and EDX, yielding a substantial amount of valuable data. When administered in the form of nanoparticles, drumstick leaf extract has significant inhibitory effects on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and staphylococcus bacteria. Research is essential to understand the absorption and metabolism of vitamin B12 by cobalt. Artificial nanoparticles have a crucial role in the field of medicine, as they can serve as drug carriers or high-quality precursors
Cyber Threat and Vulnerability Classification Using NLP and Machine Learning Techniques on Text-Based Security Data
Full text linkThe rapidly developing cybersecurity sector faces the essential problem of detecting and classifying cyber threats with precision. The rise of complicated data and its growing volume requires machine learning (ML) techniques to successfully automate threat detection operations through modern methods. The research evaluates six different ML algorithms for cybersecurity threat classification through Logistic Regression, SVM, Random Forest, Naive Bayes, LSTM, and BERT performance analysis. The systematic evaluation methodology analyzes these models by measuring their accuracy, together with precision and recall metrics, along with F1-score and execution time efficiency. Our examination starts with tokenization, then carries out stop-word elimination before performing TF-IDF vectorization for model enhancement purposes through various feature encoding approaches. The study examines the effects that employing both categorical and continuous feature encoding methods has on the outcomes. The research makes its original contribution through analyzing performance-speed tradeoffs between deep learning models and standard models applied to cybersecurity contexts. BERT proves to be the superior model since it delivers 93.8% accuracy and 96.2% ROC-AUC score at the cost of increased computational requirements. Random Forest and SVM exhibited comparable results, but Naive Bayes demonstrated the least effective performance with accuracy and recall statistics. BERT outperforms other models in cybersecurity, but its high computing requirements prevent it from real-time implementation.
 
The Rise of Ethnic Nationalism and Its Implications for Pakistan’s Multi-Ethnic Future
Full text linkThe concept of an ethnic state and its implications for a multi-ethnic society are critical areas of study in understanding the political and social dynamics of Pakistan. Historically, Pakistan was conceived as a multi-ethnic nation, consisting of diverse linguistic, cultural, and religious groups. However, over time, the notion of an ethnic state dominated by a dominant ethnic or cultural group has raised challenges to the integrity and unity of the country. The rise of ethnic nationalism in Pakistan has been influenced by political, historical, and regional factors that have shaped the nation's trajectory since its creation in 1947. This abstract explores the complexities surrounding Pakistan's multi-ethnic identity, examining the socio-political forces that have sought to define the nation’s future along ethnic lines. The future of a multi-ethnic Pakistan depends on its ability to balance regional autonomy with national unity, address the demands of various ethnic groups, and foster an inclusive political framework. This discussion also delves into the potential outcomes of an ethnic-driven state structure and the risks of exacerbating ethnic tensions, destabilizing national cohesion, and marginalizing smaller ethnic groups. The study concludes that for Pakistan to remain a multi-ethnic society, policies that promote ethnic inclusivity, equitable allocation and distribution of resources, and respect for Pluralism and cultural diversity are essential for long-term stability and peace.
Keywords: ethnicity, Pakistan, diversity, ethnic conflict, societal integration
Qurʾānic Ethics of Diversity and Its Educational Relevance in Combating Sectarianism and Ethnic Violence in South Asia
Full text linkThis theoretical study examines the Qurʾānic ethics of diversity as a basic structure for resolving sectarian and ethnic arteriosclerosis in South Asia through change in education. Derived from key Qur’ānic texts, including 49:13 and 30:22, the present study investigates how divine recognition of human difference functions as a theological counter-narrative to exclusivist religious ideologies and ethnocentric agendas. The paper uses a discourse that critically considers classical and modern Islamic scholarship to develop a model that sees mutual recognition (taʿāruf), ethical disagreement (ikhtilāf) and moral consciousness (taqwā) as the key concepts in Islamic educational philosophy. Relying on qualitative and textual analysis, the study shows that sectarianism and ethnic violence can be viewed not only as sociopolitical crises, but as a trace of missing Qur’anic pluralism. It also presents implementable educational prescriptions that integrate principal values of Qurʾān into the curricula and the pedagogy, especially within religious and interfaith educational settings. Through advocating a Qurʾān-centered pedagogy of diversity in this paper, utmost attention is given to the potential for transformation embedded in Islamic education to create a more inclusive and peace-abiding society as more moral. The outcomes are essential implications for Islamic learning institutions and policymakers looking for faith-based solutions to communal conflicts in the region
منتخب مسند کتب حدیث کے اردو تراجم کا تعارفی جائزہ: Introductory Review of Urdu Translation of Selected Musnad Books of Hadith
No full textThe study examines translation of Urdu books from Arabic manuscripts. The Holy Quran presents the Holy Prophet’s ﷺ life as a practical model, urging Muslims to try to live according to his blessed life as his life is a complete interpretation of the Holy Quran, the primary source of Islamic Principles. And because a vast portion of Islamic literature is in Arabic, Scholars have translated books from Arabic manuscripts into various languages to introduce people who speak and understand other languages to this guiding center of knowledge. The article is an attempt to shed light on the Urdu translation of the esteemed scholars work on Hadith books. The article provides brief review of the Ahadith books (Musnad) that are translated from Arabic language to Urdu language. Musnad is a collection of Ahadith arranged according to the companion of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
Sharī‘ah and Modern Legal Systems: A Comparative Study of Divine and Secular Law in the Contemporary World
Full text linkThis paper presents a critical comparative analysis between Islamic Shari‘ah and man-made legal systems, emphasizing the divine origin, permanence, and moral superiority of Shari‘ah over secular jurisprudence. It challenges the growing inclination among certain segments of the Muslim intelligentsia to regard secular legal frameworks as inherently superior, exposing this attitude as a symptom of intellectual subjugation and cultural inferiority. The authors argue that, while Islamic Shari‘ah particularly in its codified juristic form may encounter procedural challenges akin to positive law, its revealed foundation provides it with a transcendent legitimacy that cannot be matched by man-made laws rooted in historical contingencies like Roman jurisprudence. The article explores Qur’anic and Prophetic evidence to establish that legislation is a divine prerogative and that any attempt to replace or parallel it with human constructs constitutes a violation of tawḥīd. Moreover, it underscores that Shar‘i laws are neither obsolete nor contextually rigid but are instead designed to serve as a universal and enduring moral-legal code until the Day of Judgment. Through exegetical references, prophetic traditions, and insights from classical and modern scholars, the article affirms that true faith (īmān) necessitates complete submission to divine legislation, and that any deviation toward ṭāghūt or secular authority undermines the very foundation of Islamic belief and identity
کاسمیٹکس میں شامل مصنوعی اجزائے ترکیبی کی شرعی حیثیت:تجزیاتی مطالعہ: The Sharia Status of Synthetic Ingredients in Cosmetics: An Analytical Study
No full textCosmetics have increasingly become an integral aspect of culture and fashion, with a growing demand for halal cosmetics among Muslim consumers. The category of human cosmetics encompasses a wide range of products, including cleansers, moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens, etc. The term "cosmetics" originates from the Greek phrase Kosmetike Tekhne, meaning "the art of adornment." In a broader sense, cosmetics refer to substances used to enhance, preserve, or modify the appearance of the skin or hair. "Cosmetic, any of several preparations that are applied to the human body for beautifying, preserving, or altering the appearance or for cleansing, coloring, conditioning, or protecting the skin, hair, nails, lips, eyes, or teeth. i.e makeup, perfume etc. To comprehensively understand the Sharia status of cosmetic ingredients, it is essential to examine the various types of ingredients and their applications in light of Islamic jurisprudence. In Sharia, the permissibility or prohibition of any synthetic ingredient is determined by its source and effects. Synthetic ingredients are chemical compounds used in cosmetics as substitutes for natural components to enhance product performance, reduce costs, or increase durability. The widespread use of synthetic ingredients in the cosmetics industry is attributed to their ability to enhance product effectiveness while offering various benefits for the skin. The objective of this research is to conduct a comprehensive review of cosmetic components to assess their permissibility or prohibition in accordance with the principles of Sharia. The research methodology employed in this study is both narrative and analytical, ensuring a thorough examination of the subject matter
Lessons from the Missions of Prophets Nūḥ and Hūd to the Contemporary Missionaries
No full textProphets Nūḥ and Ḥūd were representatives of Allah sent purposely to promote oneness of Allah and abhor various forms of indecency that were the order of the day in their communities. However, their messages were not received raptly by their people except a few weak people while the affluent among them flagrantly rejected the da‘wah. They mocked the prophets, ridiculed them, cast aspersions on them, derided them and labelled them. Yet, the Prophets were resilient, patient, consistent and steadfast in the delivery of the divine messages. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to infer lessons from the teachings of the duo for the benefit of the contemporary missionaries who also experience similar misdemeanours, pioneered by the disciples of the two Prophets, from the recipients of da‘wah . Through the use of historical method, this work unfolded that the ordeal of the two Prophets is replete with abundant lessons that can be harnessed to transform the contemporary missionaries for positive influence of their immediate environment