IUB Journals (Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
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عدالة الصحابة ومصادرية تفسيرهم: دراسة نقدية لشبهات الحداثية وأثرها على أصول الاستدلال: The integrity of the Prophet's Companions and their sources in interpreting the Qur'an: A Critical Study of Modernist Misconceptions and their impact on the principles of argumentation
No full textAbstract
Many verses in which Allah praises the Prophet's Companions affirm their high status and position in Islam, considering them sources for interpreting the Quran and its sciences. Their application of the teachings of the Noble Quran was instrumental in building an Islamic civilization with a significant scientific impact on Islamic history. This study sought to cover the integrity of the Prophet's Companions (PBUH) and their primary sources in interpreting the Qur'an, and to analyze and critique the impact of Modernist Misconceptions about the Companions' interpretations of the Quran. The researcher employed an inductive methodology, examining and analyzing literature pertinent to the subject and sources associated with Tafsir (Quranic interpretation). One of the conclusions is that Allah and His Messenger's commendation of the Prophet's Companions in the Quran and Sunnah attests to their integrity. Considering the Companions to be the best people after the Prophet. Righteous predecessors unanimously agreed that any transgression against them is an offence against the core principles of Islam. Modernism is regarded as a deviant intellectual and rational tendency that aims to cause people to question the sources of the Quranic interpretation and undermine confidence in Shaba’s (Companions) Tafsir. It also attempts to interpret the Qur'an with reason and logic without adhering to the established principles of the righteous predecessors. The most prominent modernist criticisms of the Companions' Tafsir came from an attempt to cast doubt on the sources of their interpretation, a call to adopt independent opinions other than the Companions', their failure to transmit the interpretation accurately, and insulting the integrity of the great Qur'anic interpreters among the Companions, accusing them of being influenced by the fictional narratives of the People of the Book. It has been demonstrated that the main effects of modernist doubts on the sources of the Companions' interpretation include undermining trust in the Companions' Tafsir, weakening the accepted sources and principles of Qur'anic interpretation, attempting to abolish methodological controls in proving facts, opening the field of Qur'anic interpretation with an independent opinion. The study also showed that the Companions' integrity does not imply that they were perfect or blameless; they may have made mistakes. Instead, their integrity indicates that they did not purposefully fabricate information about the Prophet or in their testimony or transmission. Their lack of infallibility does not necessarily mean that their integrity was compromised. The best strategy for criticizing modernist opponents, it is to focus on demonstrating the consensus of Islamic scholars on the integrity of the Companions of the Prophet, as well as what is explicitly stated in the texts. It's also critical to demonstrate the fallacies of their ideas and deviations, as well as their genuine motivations in their plot to discredit religious sources and authorities by disseminating doubts and misconceptions
Marxist Point of View on Migration, Consumption, and Class: In the Perspective of Islamic Teachings
No full textThis paper has been written about migration and the consumption culture in the society and the country. The purpose of this paper is to describe the different aspects of migration, i.e. political, economic, social and cultural on the origin home country and on the country in which the persons are migrated. No doubt, employment is considered the biggest purpose of migration. Besides this, education and training also has the strong objective of migration. And these are affecting and playing a key role in the economy of the original home country and also in the economy of the migrated country. Effects of migration may be positive and negative also. Its positivity and negativity depends upon the ability and role of migrants. Because of migrants, shortage of goods occurs due to increased population( migrants), demand for goods increases. Therefore, as a result of increased demand and shortage or fixed supply, prices of goods hike. Furthermore, the country from which people migrate, and if they are educated and skillful, their home country has to bear loss in real terms, that is, shortage of educated and technical experts and brain drain , while foreign remittances may be increased because of sending money to the home country. Besides this, the effects of migration on family life in absence of migrants can't be ignored. Especially in those families, where the only male person has been migrated while the children are under the teen ages or in the teen ages, their chances to flee from education increases than those whose heads are not migrated. In short, this paper presents the Marxist point of view and Islamic teachings’ point of view regarding migration, consumption and labour in very brief manner
لسانِ قوم : ترسیل و تبلیغ کا فطری و قرآنی ضابطہؔ: “Language of the Nation: A Natural and Qur’anic Principle of Communication and Propagation”
No full textThe Arabic word “Lisan” (لسان) means tongue or language, and in its broader sense, it also refers to someone who is eloquent, articulate, and represents or speaks on behalf of a nation. Language is a gift from Allah. It is not merely a collection of letters and words, but in addition to being a means of expression, it serves as a reflection of a nation’s thoughts and ideas. It also transmits the values and traditions of a people to future generations. If a language ceases to influence society or stops being influenced by it, it becomes stagnant and eventually loses its existence in the world. Without language, the identity of people cannot be recognized. The unity or diversity of civilizations and cultures is, in fact, due to the unity or diversity of their languages. Language is a living entity—it survives by drawing influence from society, accepting the impressions of the past, refining and purifying them, and carrying them forward into the future while continually evolving
میثاقِ مدینہ: جدید ریاست میں امن کے قیام اور انتہاپسندی کے انسداد کے لیے نبوی حکمت عملی: The Covenant of Madinah: A Prophetic Strategy for Establishing Peace and Countering Extremism in the Modern State
No full textThe Constitution of Medina is considered the world’s first written constitutional charter, established on the principles of religious tolerance, mutual cooperation, and respect for all faiths. It practically ensured equality among all members of society, despite differences in religion and belief. In the modern era, it can serve as a guiding framework for Muslim-majority states seeking to counter extremism and foster religious diversity. This study evaluates the constitutional dimensions of the Medina Charter, as reinterpreted by Dr. Hassan Mohi-ud-Din Qadri, to explore its potential as a framework for addressing religious extremism and promoting unity.
The central objective of this research is to assess the articles of the Constitution of Medina in light of contemporary challenges such as religious intolerance, sectarianism, and extremism in modern societies. By revisiting the Charter not merely as a historical document but as a living constitutional model, the study highlights its principles of inclusive governance, collective security, and interfaith coexistence. Through a descriptive and analytical interpretation of primary sources, including Dr. Hassan Mohi-ud-Din Qadri’s analysis, the paper identifies core principles such as justice, pluralism, social cohesion, mutual respect and evaluates their relevance in building a peaceful, inclusive society.
This study also highlights the historical significance of the Charter of Medina as one of the earliest examples of diverse and resilient governance. It shows how the prophetic model institutionalized coexistence among different religious communities, addressed structural inequalities, and fostered a shared civic identity tool that is still needed today to dismantle extremist ideologies at their social, political, and theological roots.
The research also emphasizes how Dr. Qadri’s work revives Islamic constitutional heritage to address contemporary challenges. The Charter’s focus on ethical governance, mutual obligations between communities, and the protection of minority rights reflects the potential of prophetic jurisprudence to promote peace, prevent ideological divisions, and encourage religious harmony. In doing so, this paper contributes to the wider discourse on Islamic constitutionalism and the search for faith-based models that support peacebuilding and social resilience in a polarized world
عہدِ تابعین میں تفسیرِ قرآن اور مفسرین: اصول، مناہج اور علمی ارتقا ءکا تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ: Qurʾānic exegesis and Exegetes in the Era of the Tābiʿīn: A Research and Analytical Study of Principles, Methods and Intellectual Evolution
No full textThe era of the Tābiʿīn represents a fundamental milestone in the development of Qurʾānic exegesis, during which the scholarly legacy of the Companions (Ṣaḥābah) was transmitted forward, and distinct exegetical trends and schools of thought emerged in major Islamic centers.
This research aims to clarify the historical and intellectual context of the Tābiʿīn period and to identify its key sources and methodologies of Qurʾānic interpretation. The primary focus of the study is to introduce the well-known exegetical schools of Makkah, Madīnah, and Iraq, along with their leading Tābiʿī scholars. This aims to clarify the principles, methodologies, and scholarly styles through which the exegetes of this period articulated the meanings of the Qurʾān.
The study seeks to address key questions, including: what were the primary sources and distinguishing characteristics of Qurʾānic exegesis during the Tābiʿīn period? How did the interpretive methodologies of the Tābiʿī exegetes influence later generations?
The scope of this research is limited only to the exegetes of the Tābiʿīn period and their methodologies of interpretation both chronologically and thematically. The study excludes detailed analysis of the Companions or later periods, except for historical context. The study focuses on selected prominent Tābiʿīn exegetes, excluding detailed analysis of the Companions or later periods, highlighting those whose views are preserved in primary sources and shaped the exegetical tradition.
Methodologically, this study is based on a historical and analytical approach, employing both classical primary sources and modern scholarly works in the fields of Qurʾānic exegesis, principles of tafsīr, and Qurʾānic sciences as authoritative references
Reimagining Assessment Systems in Universities: An Islamic Framework for Quality and Accountability: Reimagining Assessment Systems in Universities: An Islamic Framework for Quality and Accountability
No full textPakistani university assessment systems continue to be challenged by such problems as lack of consistency in fairness, transparency, lack of feedback and lack of alignment to learning outcomes. This paper investigates how an Islamic system can be used to improve the quality, credibility and ethical basis of assessments in universities. The method used was a mixed-methods approach where faculty members, students and staff were used in ten public and private universities. Structured questionnaires on the measurement of key constructs such as justice, accountability, transparency, feedback quality, and alignment with learning outcomes were used to collect quantitative data, whereas open-ended responses of the faculty members provided qualitative insights. The descriptive, correlation, and regression analyses showed that the strongest predictor of the quality of assessments is accountability, which is then succeeded by justice and fairness, and transparency and feedback are the least strong areas. Faculty noted that the Islamic principles of ʿadl (justice), amānah (trustworthiness), muhasabah (accountability), andihsan (excellence) can be used to enhance the ethics and morals aspects of assessment, raise stakeholder confidence, and enhance the character development of students. It can be indicated that the findings reveal that Islamic assessment framework is culturally relevant and can be used alongside contemporary quality assurance standards and provide comprehensive paradigm of reshaping assessment activities in Pakistani higher education. Some of the recommendations are enhancement of accountability mechanisms, enhanced transparency and feedback practices, faculty training, and institutionalizing Islamic ethical principles in institutional quality assurance processes
Effect of oxygen partial pressure on the structural and optical properties of PLD grown ZnMgO thin films
No full textPulsed laser deposition technique was used to prepare the ZnMgO thin films on c-sapphire substrate at different oxygen partial pressures. Results shows that the change in oxygen partial pressure during growth changes the Mg contents in MgZnO samples, which ultimately results in samples with different structural and optical properties. Change in phase of ZnMgO thin films from cubic rock salt to hexagonal wurtzite was observed with the increase in oxygen partial pressure. A decrease in bandgap from 5.78 eV to 4.04 eV was also observed by increasing the oxygen partial pressure
عوامل انتشار الإلحاد المعاصر في المجتمع: دراسة تحليلية: Factors of Contemporary Atheism Spread in Society: An Analytical Study
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze the factors contributing to the spread of contemporary atheism in Islamic societies, focusing on military, intellectual, political, cultural, psychological, and social dimensions. Findings indicate that military factors, such as the Crusades and Western colonialism, destabilized social and economic structures, weakening Islamic identity. Intellectual invasion, manifested through proselytization, Orientalism, and secularism, distorted Islam and sowed doubts about its tenets. Political systems supporting secularism, Freemasonry, and communism further separated religion from public life, paving the way for atheistic ideas. Culturally, globalization and modern communication technologies eroded Islamic values by promoting Western concepts conflicting with religious principles. Psychological and social factors include the absence of a coherent Islamic framework, fascination with Western materialistic civilization, excessive personal freedom, diminished spiritual awareness, and the impact of mental health issues such as depression and personality disorders. The study recommends strengthening religious awareness through educational and media institutions, improving socio-economic conditions, countering globalization with a robust Islamic cultural identity, and emphasizing social justice and rational dialogue to bolster intellectual resilience among youth
Estimating Liquidity Augmented Three Factor Model for PSX
Full text linkObjectives: Several risk factors have been identified as crucial determinants of cross-sectional variations in assets’ returns in three, four, and five-factor models. This paper aims incorporates liquidity, in two separate measures with volume and volume as percentage of outstanding shares, in standard three factor model by considering hundred companies from Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX).
Research Gap: Previous relevant literature for PSX considers other factors but could not found for estimating three factor model with liquidity factor. However, these types of models are developed for other markets.
Methodology: It takes data of 100 selected companies of PSX to estimate standard three factor and liquidity-augmented three factor models. Portfolio construction and estimations are carried out as per the methodology developed by Fama and French in factor models.
The Main Findings: Based on the estimations of these liquidity augmented three factor models, it is concluded that investors in PSX require premium against investment in illiquid portfolios along with the other risk factors such as market, size, and value.
Practical implications of findings: The better choice for risk-avert rational investors is to construct a portfolio with big size, low book to market value, and liquid assets’ companies
Nexus between corporate governance and corporate social responsibility in family-owned firms
Full text linkObjective: This study investigates the CG-CSR causal relationship among family-owned firms listed on the PSX.
Research gap: The research gap identified is the lack of empirical investigation into how specific corporate governance determinants (such as CEO duality, audit committee size, insider shareholders, institutional shareholders, board independence and board size) directly affect CSR disclosure in family-owned firms listed on the PSX, particularly those engaged in CSR activities between 2013 and 2022.
Methodology: Data was collected from the annual reports. The heteroskedastic issue is absent in the CG-CSR econometric model, but serial autocorrelation exists; therefore, FGLS regression is run to assess the developed research hypothesis.
The main findings: The findings reveal that board size, CEO duality, and institutional shareholding negatively impact CSR, suggesting that more streamlined boards may enhance CSR initiatives. Conversely, board independence, audit size and insider shareholding positively impact CSR, suggesting that effective corporate governance mechanisms significantly influence CSR disclosure in Pakistan family-owned firms.
Theoretical / Practical Implications of the Findings: Practically, firms should enhance board independence and audit committee size to boost CSR transparency, while limiting CEO duality and institutional shareholding to reduce conflicts. Theoretically, the results support agency theory, highlighting the role of governance in aligning family firm goals with socially responsible practices.
Originality/Value: The originality of the study lies in its focus on examining the direct impact of specific corporate governance factors on CSR disclosure in family-owned firms listed on the PSX, providing insights into governance-CSR dynamics in Pakistan’s unique corporate environment