IUB Journals (Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
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Detection of Phishing Attack by using LightGBM&Xgbost
Full text linkPhishing attacks provide a significant security risk to both individuals and organizations. To steal sensitive information, these assaults are typically carried out by creating phony websites that substantially resemble actual ones. This research employs these phishing attacks, by using AI techniques that have lately been used to look at the URLs of these phony websites. We have proposed the increasing sophistication and frequency of phishing attacks, highlighting the need for an enhanced AI-based model to detect such attacks effectively. Involves LightGBM, Xgbost, and using a hybrid model of a LightGBM, Xgboost classifier to train and test data for detecting phishing attacks on URLs. There are several feature extraction techniques used to detect URL phishing attacks. To identify if a website is a phishing assault or not, these attributes are then given to a LightGBM and Xgboost classifier. As compared to the previous research model’s accuracy was 93%, Hence The current proposed results of combining training and testing datasets on LightGBM and XgBoost give a 96% accuracy and improve the quality-of-evaluation metrics of the feature of the URLs to detecting phishing attack detection
A Comparative Study of Traditional and Hybrid Models for Text Classification
Full text linkNatural Language Processing (NLP) is a fundamental task that is essential for the automation of the categorization of textual data using an existing set of categories, such as sentiment analysis, spam detection, fake news detection, etc. Due to the interpretability and also efficiency, the Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) have been very popularly used for text classification under traditional machine learning models. Yet, such models fail in modeling contextual linkages and semantic subtleties as they would be necessary to handle text with complex structure. As such, hybrid models that couple the two traditional and deep learning techniques have emerged as a potential way to address these problems.
In the note, I review all efforts of text classification that have the potentials of contributing to my classification task, which includes traditional machine learning models, hybrid models, and deep learning models. The AG News dataset is used for evaluation and accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score are used to measure the performance of the models. Finally, the results suggest that both deep learning based hybrid models such as BERT + SVM Hybrid Model (95.7%) and CNN + LSTM Hybrid Model (94.5%) surpass the performance of any traditional or ensemble learning based models by the exploitation of contextual embeddings and sequential modeling. XGBoost (92.8% accuracy) and Bagging Classifier (91.5% accuracy) of ensemble learning models have good generalization as well as stability compared to standalone learner.
Though the hybrid models offer superior classification performance at the sacrifice of computational resources, longer training times, there are tradeoffs in regards to the model classes and the problem. It brings out the tradeoffs made by traditional, ensemble, and the deep learning based hybrid models toward the applicability of the same towards different classification of text. The findings establish a platform towards choosing the best suitable classification model under performance requirements and computational constraints for researchers and practitioners
Applications of Stochastic Processes in Quantum cryptography for Secure Cryptographic Protocols
Full text linkQuantum cryptography offers higher security than traditional cryptography but faces challenges due to noise and interference. Stochastic processes, particularly randomness and uncertainty, provide tools to model and protect quantum systems. This review paper explores the role of stochastic processes in quantum cryptography, focusing on quantum entanglement and secure protocols like Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). Key stochastic concepts, including probability distributions, Markov processes, and noise effects in quantum mechanics, are introduced. The research examines how stochastic models enhance performance and security in entanglement-based protocols while addressing challenges such as noise, decoherence, scalability, hardware limitations, and attack vulnerabilities. Potential research directions include efficient quantum error correction, quantum networking, and integrating classical and quantum cryptography to improve security and practicalit
Effect of Information Literacy Skills on Clinical Decision-Making among Nurses
Full text linkIn the present technology–driven healthcare system, information literacy (IL) is a crucial skill that deserves attention and focus. As integral members of the medical profession, nurses must adopt IL skills to deliver high- quality patient-centered care by taking informed and evidence-based clinical decisions-making. To explore the effect of IL skills on clinical decision making (CDM) abilities of professional nurses; assess the relationship between these variables (IL skills and CDM) and to investigate the perceived IL skills and CDM abilities of nurses employed in private sector hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan. A quantitative nature survey was conducted using a questionnaire. Out of 500 conveniently selected participants, 306 responded. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that a positive correlation exists between information literacy skills and Clinical Decision Making of nurses. Regression analysis proved that there is a positive effect of IL skill on the CDM of nurses. Findings indicate that nurses possess strong IL skills and are competent in clinical decision making (CDM) abilities. The empirical evidence yielded by this investigation substantiates the hypothesis that a statistically significant and positive correlation was found between nurses’ IL skills and CDM capacities of nursing professionals. Nurses professionals having full command of IL skills can make sound and well- informed decisions in CDM process, which guarantees the delivery of safe healthcare services in the workplace
Exploring the Social Media Engagement of Library and Information Science Students in Pakistan amidst the COVID-19 Infodemic
Full text linkHow Library and Information Science students in Pakistan responded to the COVID-19 infodemic on social media? is the main focus of this research article. The study in hand is delimited to three universities in Pakistan located in north-west region of the country, including two public sector institutions and one private university. Employing a quantitative approach, the study used a survey design with an adapted questionnaire for data collection. The Statistical Package of Social Science was used to analyze the data. The findings of the research indicated that a significant proportion of Library and Information Science students relied on critical thinking and common sense (mean score = 3.9) to verify information regarding the infodemic on social media. The study recommended that research of the same nature be undertaken in other provinces of Pakistan, encompassing diverse participants beyond Library and Information Science students
Socio-Political and Economic Challenges of Sectarian Violence in Pakistan after 9/11: A Study of Lahore
Full text linkSectarian violence refers to a clash of or animosity out of religious beliefs or divisions within the same religion. In Pakistan, it mostly happens between Sunni and Shia Muslims plus their little offshoots whereby violence keeps happening. Over the time, these sectarian conflicts have become worse, and instability has increased. It became a centre in the war on terrorism after the 9/11 attacks hence facilitating and fighting against religiously motivated violence. The country has violent threats everywhere, terrorism separatist insurgencies and interfaith conflicts. Post 9/11 change of security environment in Pakistan gave rise to conditions that nurtured sectarian violence. Internal factors, particularly long-standing sectarian divisions and extremist ideologies, overlaid with external political manipulation and regional dynamics, have again amplified the crisis. This paper tried to identify the socio-political and economic challenges that sectarian violence raises in Pakistan along with an overview of how religious intolerance, political interests, and outside influences are perpetuating these conflicts.
Keywords: Sectarian violence, Pakistan, 9/11, Sunni, Shia
الشمس في القرآن من نور الخلق إلى برهان الحق: The Sun in the Qur’ān from the Radiance of Creation to the Manifestation of Truth
No full textBetween the dawn that flows from the horizon of creation and the setting that descends into the depths of reflection, the sun in the Holy Qur’an emerges not as a mere celestial body, but as a speaking sign, a submissive creature, and a wise witness to the greatness and oneness of the Creator.Throughout the Qur’anic discourse, the sun appears as a rational argument in the dialogue of monotheism, a timekeeper for worship, a symbol in prophetic visions, a feature in miraculous narratives, a false deity among the misguided, and finally a devout being in cosmic submission to God.Through this thematic and rhetorical journey, it becomes clear that the sun in the Qur’an is not merely a source of visible light, but a mirror reflecting the light of truth, a tongue articulating divine unity, and a bridge between the physical and symbolic, nature and revelation,
reason and heart.The Qur’an portrayed it masterfully. The hoopoe bird denounced its worship. Abraham refuted its divinity. Joseph interpreted it as a celestial symbol. And God, its Creator, subjected it to His command.Thus, the sun transformed from being idolized to being a servant, from a deity to a proof, from a radiance to a revelationuntil it became, in the eyes of the believer, a language of devotion that bows at every sunset and illuminates the path of tawḥīd (monotheism) for hearts granted divine insight
The Role of Shari’ah in Regulating Surrogacy An Analytical Study of Its Ethical and Social Consequences
Full text linkThe practice of gestational help in procreation, or surrogacy, is still up for debate in Islamic law. The legality of surrogacy under Shari’ah law has been the subject of heated dispute among experts, leading to a variety of interpretations and positions. This article gives a summary of the debates surrounding surrogacy in Islamic law while stressing the main arguments for and against its legality. This article uses qualitative methods along with analytical and descriptive techniques to investigate the debates about surrogacy in Islamic law. It is critical to understand the differences between national surrogacy laws and regulations, which may or may not be in line with Islamic beliefs. People seeking advice are therefore urged to speak with competent and skilled scholars who can do so within the context of Islamic ethics and regional legal frameworks. The article highlights the ongoing scholarly debate around surrogacy in Islamic law. Understanding the various perspectives and conducting further study can help to create a greater awareness of the connection between surrogacy and Shari’ah compliance, even though there is no universal agreement on whether it is permissible or not. Islamic jurists (Fatwas) formed an absolute view that traditional surrogacy is strictly forbidden but so far as gestational surrogacy where the embryo is actually created by using the ova and sperm of the commissioning couple is concerned, there is no such absolute prohibition or permission under Shari’ah. The present paper argues that none of the arguments forwarded by the modern scholars against the legality of surrogate motherhood are sound and also argues that surrogate motherhood deserve to be declared valid though with certain conditions
Educating the Nation's Mothers: The Gendered Vision and Educational Legacy of Anjuman Himayat-e-Islam Lahore in Colonial Punjab (1884–1947)
No full textThis Paper examines the inspirational model of Anjuman Himayat-e-Islam Lahore (AHIL)in the education and empowerment of Muslim Women in Colonial Punjab between 1884and1947. Although Colonialism and missionary activities had brought in new models of female education, AHIL presented an Islamic and nationalist alternative to the exclusion of Muslim women from education. This research explores how AHIL deliberately established schools, colleges, orphanages, and vocational institutions to educate women intellectually, spiritually, and economically. Based on historical facts and institutional achievements, the article places AHIL's work in larger reformist and anti-colonial currents and contends its transformative function in reshaping Muslim womanhood in British India. This article suggests that the Anjuman Himayat-e-Islam (AHIL) in the colonial period revolutionized Muslim womanhood and education in Punjab. It set up Muslim girl orphanages, colleges, vocational training centers, and schools, acknowledging Muslim women as future mothers and guardians of Islamic values despite sociopolitical marginalization
Qur'anic Citations in Karen Armstrong's "Muhammad: A Prophet for Our Time"
No full textKaren Armstrong is one of the leading orientalists interested in the study of Islam. She has published two books on the biography of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). One of them is titled "Muhammad: The Prophet of Our Time". In this book, the author has presented a number of discussions in a narrative and analytical manner on various aspects of the life of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). At some points, Karen has provided answers to the objections of non-Muslim writers regarding prophetic role of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), however, in many places, she has maintained the continuity of the Orientalist narrative. In her book, she has presented some verses of the Holy Quran as evidence to raise doubts and suspicions regarding the personality of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), his character, his companions and wives, and has tried to prove that the doubts she has presented are based on Quranic verses. When an ordinary reader reads this book, he may be confused by seeing a new narrative related to the Holy Quran and Prophet (PBUH) at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary to identify from an Islamic perspective those parts of Karen's book in which the objections are based on the Holy Quran. This article fulfills this need