IUB Journals (Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
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Interfaith Harmony and National Cohesion in the Life of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
No full textInterfaith harmony and national unity are essential for creating peaceful and cohesive societies. Interfaith harmony refers to the peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between different religious communities, where diversity is seen as a source of strength rather than division. Similarly, national unity emphasizes solidarity among people from various ethnic, cultural, and religious backgrounds within a nation. The life of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ serves as a profound model for both interfaith harmony and national unity. Throughout his prophetic mission, the Prophet ﷺ demonstrated an unparalleled commitment to fostering peaceful coexistence among diverse religious and cultural groups. His leadership in Medina laid a strong foundation for religious tolerance, exemplified through the Constitution of Medina, which granted religious freedoms and protections to Jews, Christians, and other non-Muslim communities. The Prophet ﷺ emphasized mutual respect, dialogue, and understanding, advocating for a society where diversity was embraced. His interactions with different faith communities were rooted in justice, kindness, and the principle of living together in peace. The Rashidun Caliphate continued these principles, establishing a model of governance where religious minorities enjoyed the same rights as Muslims, and the rule of law applied impartially to all. This approach promoted social stability, justice, and interfaith tolerance, as seen in the practices of the caliphs, who adhered to the Prophet’s ﷺ teachings. The Prophet’s ﷺ legacy continues to inspire efforts toward building bridges between different faiths and cultures, emphasizing that unity and peace can be achieved through mutual respect and understanding. This model of interfaith harmony and national unity is as relevant today as it was during the early Islamic period, offering valuable insights into fostering peaceful coexistence in contemporary societies, including the context of Pakistan’s religious minorities
اشتہار کی شرعی حیثیت سیرت النبیﷺ کی روشنی میں: Legal Status of Advertisement in the Light of the Prophetic Biography (PBUH)
No full textThis research article explores the concept and historical foundation of advertising in Islam, with particular emphasis on its presence and application during the era of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). While advertising is commonly perceived as a modern commercial phenomenon, this study highlights that various forms of announcements, proclamations, and public information strategies were employed in the early Islamic period for social, religious, and economic purposes. Drawing on classical Islamic sources, especially the Prophetic traditions and Seerah literature, the paper investigates how announcements were used to disseminate messages, promote trade, declare public warnings, and organize communal activities. The paper concludes by suggesting guidelines for developing ethical advertising standards in the light of Prophetic teachings
Comparative Dynamics of Monetary Policy: Evidence from Islamic and Conventional Banks
No full textObjective: This research investigates how monetary policy in Pakistan influences the credit supply of conventional and Islamic banks, with a particular focus on identifying variations in their responsiveness.
Research Gap: Although the transmission of monetary policy has been widely studied, few investigations have specifically compared its effects on Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan, especially in relation to differences in bank size and liquidity.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Drawing on panel data from 2001 to 2024, the study utilizes the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique to evaluate the effects of monetary policy, categorizing banks by their size and liquidity characteristics.
The Main Findings: The findings reveal that monetary policy plays a significant role in shaping credit availability across both Islamic and conventional banks, with conventional institutions demonstrating a higher degree of sensitivity. Moreover, banks that are smaller in size or possess limited liquidity experience greater restrictions in credit provision during periods of monetary tightening. Credit supply is also affected by broader macroeconomic variables, including inflation and GDP growth.
Theoretical / Practical Implications of the Findings: This research comprehensively evaluates monetary policy's asymmetric effects on conventional and Islamic banks in Pakistan, offering novel insights for policymakers.
Originality/Value: The findings suggest the need for targeted monetary policy strategies to address liquidity concerns and enhance credit access, particularly for Islamic and small-scale banks
Demystifying Ethnic Violence in Karachi 1980–1990
No full textBy applying Kalyvas’s theory of selective violence, this article argues that the primary factor that transformed Karachi into a center of violence during the 1980s was the clash of economic interests between established migrants (Urdu-speaking migrants from India) and newer arrivals (Punjabi, Sindhi, and Pashtun communities). It analyzes the outbreak of armed ethnic violence in Karachi and its organization along ethnic lines throughout the decade. The emergence of intense economic competition in Karachi, particularly after the influx of Afghan refugees, created a new illegal economic order sustained by black money. This study demonstrates that violence was instrumental in maintaining this illicit economy. Over time, armed violence was further employed to produce, protect, and expand illegal economic activities. However, this violence was cloaked in ethnic rhetoric to evade scrutiny from law enforcement agencies. Drawing on primary sources such as newspapers, government gazettes, and firsthand accounts from key figures in various movements, this article explains how criminal violence was reconfigured as ethnic violence. This work investigates the connections of famous incidents of ethnic violence in Karachi to private issues of participants
Current Status of Pakistan Library Association: A SWOT Analysis
No full textOldest and most well-known professional association of librarians and information professionals in Pakistan is the Pakistan Library Association (PLA) founded in 1957 and registered under the Societies Registration Act of 1860. In this paper, a thorough review of the PLA in terms of its past evolution, organizational structure, professional practice, and contribution to the library and information science (LIS) field will be discussed. It examines the governance system of the association, which areas it covers, its standing committees, and major projects such as annual conferences, workshops, publications, and advocacy. To inform the discussion of strengths and weaknesses, the paper takes stock of the strengths of PLA, which include national penetration, impact, and international cooperation, as well as highlights the weaknesses, which include the lack of consistency in academic productivity, the use of volunteers, and the inconsistency between time segments. Areas of renewal research are the increase of digital spaces, research involvement, global networking, and development programs. Other threats that will be discussed include the threat of dependency, the threat of loss of relevancy, the threat of loss of funding, and the threat of informal online groups. The research establishes that PLA has an illustrious reputation to adhere to, where it needs to take strategic steps on research, the incorporation of the digital aspect, and the training of the workforce to remain relevant and steer the transformation of librarianship in Pakistan. The present paper can provide LIS professionals, the leadership of PLA, and policy-makers with practical ideas on effectiveness in library services and scholarly cooperation nationwide
From Inclusive Finance to Efficiency: The Transformative Role of Artificial Intelligence in Pakistan's Fintech-Enabled Banks
No full textThis study investigates the relationship between fintech-based inclusive finance (FBIF) and banking efficiency (BE) while assessing artificial intelligence (AI) as a mediating variable within the banks of Pakistan. A quantitative research design and a positivist philosophy were employed while collecting primary data through a structured questionnaire from banking employees, and then analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Our findings indicate that FBIF enhances BE, and that the relationship becomes stronger when AI is a mediating factor to assist in better decision-making while enhancing the customer experience and increasing risk management as a result of the resource-based view (RBV). The study is located within the banks of Pakistan, but provides implications for financial institutions, policy-makers, and formal financial and banking operations to promote AI as a means of maximizing decision-making across various aspects of inclusive finance while maximizing the overall performance of the financial sector. Finally, the authors are unaware of other empirical studies in this emerging economy context that have explored AI as both a mediating and moderating variable in its proposed relationship with FBIF and BE to show how digitalization enhances banking efficiency
Mapping Politics of Benazir Bhutto: A Journey of Robust Political Career
No full textThis research paper focuses on the political career of Benazir Bhutto as the first woman and Muslim Prime Minister of Pakistan. It will also discuss Benazir Bhutto’s strategies and challenges faced by her, during her political tenure. Benazir entered politics after the demise of her father Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (late). The paper also investigates her entire political career under the authoritarian rule of General Zia-ul-Haq, as Prime Minister, her removal from the Prime Minister office, accusation of corruption, the periods of exile. It examines her political elegance, stewardship, policies made by her as a woman Prime Minister and it will also look into her years of exile where she regrouped and repositioned herself politically and forged coalitions before her breathtaking return to Pakistan in 2007.Dejectedly, Benazir Bhutto was assassinated but her legacy will long be remembered in the political history of Pakistan. The research measures her impact on democracy, women in particular, as well as her capacity to politically lead the nation amidst many challenges. The study attempts to narrate Benazir’s political biography with a focus on crucial events and decisions, which is characterized by her strong political career. It will explore the political, social, and institutional challenges faced by Benazir Bhutto during her political career, and the measures she took to deal with her rivals' political and conservative forces in Pakistan. The study will also focus on her accomplishments as a politician, regardless of the issues she faced.
Keywords: Women political participation, Women empowerment, Benazir Bhutto, Leadership, Pakistan People’s Part
India’s Nuclear Safety & Security: Implications for South Asian Strategic Stability
No full textThe proliferation hazards and the illegal use of nuclear material and related technology have long been a source of concern. India aspires to play a major role on the regional and global front, while at the state level; it struggles with nuclear security lapses. The recurring incidents of nuclear theft highlight significant flaws in India's nuclear policy and security mechanisms. This research explores the inconsistency between India's nuclear regulatory structure and the rules set out by the International Atomic Energy Agency. India's noncompliance with nuclear security protocols creates a significant danger to the security of South Asia due to the possibility of hazardous material getting into the wrong hands. The privatization of the nuclear sector would further raise the risk of undermining centralized control over nuclear materials and opening possible gaps for illegal entry, diversion, or theft. The provocative nuclear discourse by India further endangers the stability of the region, increasing the chances of miscalculation. India is one of the countries whose nuclear arsenals increased in 2023, with a focus on long-range missiles, such as the recent flight test of ICBM Agni V. SIPRI Yearbook 2024 also views the expanding number and types of nuclear weapons in India as a potential escalation in the region. This research analyses how India's growing nuclear arsenal, without adequate safety and security measures, would have implications not only for South Asia but also for the entire world.
Keywords: India, Nuclear Safety and Security, IAEA, Nuclear Theft, Strategic Stability, South Asia
An Analytical study of the Islamic Concept of Environmental Stewardship (Khilafah) in the Context of Climate Change
No full textHumans' moral and ethical obligations to the environment are greatly influenced by the Islamic idea of environmental stewardship, or Khilafah. Khilafah, which has its roots in the Qur'an and Hadith, highlights how humans are charged with the responsibility of protecting and preserving the planet's natural resources for the benefit of all living things. This essay examines Khilafah's applicability to the problems of climate change today, emphasizing how it might guide ethical environmental governance and sustainable actions. Through an analysis of Islamic teachings on environmental protection, this study looks at how Islamic values complement contemporary environmentalism and help address the pressing problems caused by climate change. The study also addresses how Khilafah affects international environmental regulations, promoting an integrated strategy that blends scientific research on climate change mitigation with Islamic ecological principles. Through this viewpoint, Khilafah offers both practical advice and a spiritual framework for promoting sustainability and lessening the effects of climate change in the contemporary world
او آئی سی اور مسئلہ فلسطین: امکانات اور چیلنجز : OIC and the Palestine Issue: Prospects and Challenges
No full textThe Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) has consistently regarded the Palestinian issue as one of its central priorities since its inception. Despite repeated resolutions, diplomatic efforts, and calls for collective action, the OIC has faced significant obstacles in achieving tangible progress toward resolving the conflict. This study examines the role of the OIC in addressing the Palestinian question, highlighting both its achievements and limitations. It explores the political, diplomatic, and organizational challenges that have hindered effective action, while also assessing future prospects for the OIC in promoting justice, peace, and the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people. The analysis underscores the importance of unity among member states, greater international engagement, and practical mechanisms for the OIC to enhance its influence in the global arena