IUB Journals (Islamia University of Bahawalpur)
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المفاعيل في عقود الزبرجد للسيوطي ( دراسة نحوية ): Byproducts in Uqud Al-Zabarjad For Al-Suyuti (A Grammatical Study)
No full textThis research examines the grammatical aspects of objects in Al-Suyuti's "Uqud al-Zabarjad" in the syntax of Hadith. The researcher cites the nouns and sentences in which objects are mentioned, whether explicitly stated by grammarians and commentators or not. The nature of the research necessitated its division into five sections dealing with the objects mentioned in Al-Suyuti's book "Uqud al-Zabarjad": the direct object, the absolute object (also called the infinitive), the object for which (also called the object for which), and the object in which (adverbial of time and adverbial of place). The research concludes with the most prominent findings and is supported by sources and references
علم الکلام اور مسئلہ تقدیر: تعارفی جائزہ: Ilm Al Kalam and the Problem of Predestination: An Introductory Overview
No full textIlm al-Kalam is the science that establishes Islamic beliefs using rational (‘aqlī) and textual (naqlī) evidence. It is through this discipline that Muslim beliefs are protected from doubts and misconceptions, and it provides reasoned responses to the objections raised by critics. Theologians (Mutakallimīn) effectively counter false ideologies and atheistic philosophies with intellectual and practical arguments in defense of Islamic creedMany scholars consider Ilm al-Kalam to be a FardKifayah (collectiveobligation), while others regard it as Fard ‘Ayn (individual obligation), given its importance in defending the faith. Mastery and promotion of this science is crucial forthpreservation of religion. Ilm al-Kalam has not only been beneficial in the past but is also urgently needed in today’s scientific and intellectual era One of the major issues addressed within Ilm al-Kalam is the matter of predestination (Qadar). This is a highly sensitive yet important topic, and that is why the theologians have explained it in a thoughtful and rational manner that remains fully aligned with Islamic teachings
احادیثِ نبوی ﷺ پر استشراقی تحقیقات، منہجی اصول اور فکری مباحث کا جائزہ: Orientalist Studies on Prophetic Ḥadīth, A Critical Inquiry into Methodological Principles and Intellectual Debates
No full textThis study critically examines the intricate landscape of Orientalist research on Prophetic ḥadīth, exploring the methodological foundations, analytical frameworks, and intellectual assumptions that have shaped Western engagements with the Islamic tradition. By tracing the evolution of historical-critical approaches, assessing skepticism toward isnād and textual transmission, and evaluating claims regarding socio-political influences on ḥadīth formation, the paper highlights both the strengths and limitations of Orientalist discourse. It further analyzes the responses of Muslim scholars who, through rigorous hadith sciences, have articulated alternative epistemic models that challenge reductive readings of the tradition. Positioned at the intersection of classical scholarship and modern academic critique, the study identifies the broader intellectual impacts of Orientalist methodologies on contemporary Muslim thought, reformist trends, and global Islamic studies. The concluding reflections outline emerging research trajectories, emphasizing interdisciplinary tools and renewed methodological balance in future ḥadīth studies
Islamic Perspectives on Interfaith Understanding and Religious Tolerance in Yoruba Land
No full textThis paper explores the Islamic perspectives on interfaith understanding and religious tolerance in Yoruba Land. The Yoruba people of Nigeria have a rich history and culture, including their diverse religious beliefs and practices. Islam, as one of the major religions in Yoruba Land, has played a significant role in shaping the religious landscape, fostering interfaith understanding and promoting religious tolerance among the different religious groups in the region. Yoruba people have regarded religion as an aspect of culture that required no controversy or competition and in spite of numerous differences that exist among Yoruba-speaking areas, like Lagos, Oyo, Ibadan, Benin, Ilesha, Ile Ife, Egba, and Ekiti, they normally interact socially, economically, educationally and religiously. They practice religious freedom to a fault remaining the most tolerant community of every religious belief in Nigeria. Through a thorough analysis and research. This paper will provide insights into the different aspects of religious understanding and tolerance in Yoruba Land, specifically from Islamic viewpoints. This paper in its findings reveal how generous the people of Yoruba-land in religious understanding and tolerance and provide the stands and the principles guiding the interactions between Muslims and people of other religions. The paper concludes with some suggestions and recommendations, and the methodology applied for this study included analytical and historical approaches, while library sources were also extensively utilized as a tool of sourcing for information
Estimating the Shadow Economy for Developing Countries: A New Insight in Literature
No full textObjective: Multi-dimensional shadow economic activities have negatively affected public revenues and welfare. Valid statistics regarding the magnitude and trend of the covert economy are crucial for making effective and efficient conclusions towards resource allocations. This paper presents estimates of this phenomenon in developing countries. The study aims to understand what factors lead to a shadow economy and what the outcomes of these indicators are.
Research Gap: This study contributes novel insights into the estimation of the shadow economy in developing nations by employing a Multi-Indicators Multi-Causes (MIMIC) model across developing nations from 1999 to 2022. Unlike prior research that provides fragmented or regional estimates, this study offers a comprehensive, time-series analysis that captures the evolutionary trends of the underground economy over a broad geographic and temporal scope.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study has applied the MIMIC model. It is a complex system with two distinct parts. The first part, the Structural Model, is like a puzzle, revealing the determinants of latent variable, the Underground Economy. But, as these causes can't fully explain the underground economy, the error term steps in as the missing piece. The second part, the measurement model, can be seen as a bridge. It connects the latent variable and its indicators, much like a bridge connects two separate entities. The following model will be used to evaluate the shadow economy.
The Main Findings: Empirical findings demonstrate that the size of government expenditures, fiscal easiness, rate of unemployment and GDP are critical variables of the unregistered economy in developing countries. The developed index is instrumental in ranking the countries based on the scale of the underground economy.
Theoretical / Practical Implications of the Findings: The outcomes of this study provide valuable theoretical advancements and actionable policy recommendations for addressing the shadow economy in developing countries. By implementing structural reforms, reducing regulatory burdens, and leveraging technological advancements, policymakers can gradually integrate informal economic activities into the formal sector, fostering sustainable economic growth and financial stability.
Originality/Value: The study’s originality and value stem from its novel methodological approach, broad empirical coverage, and strong policy relevance. By integrating cutting-edge econometric techniques, innovative data sources, and actionable policy insights, this research serves as a valuable resource for academics, policymakers, and economists working on economic formalization and financial inclusion in developing nations.
مفهوم الدولة في الفقه الإسلامي وتحدياتها الاستراتيجية في عصر العولمة الرقمية: The Concept of the State in Islamic Jurisprudence and its Strategic Challenges in the Era of Digital Globalization
No full textThis study explores the concept of the state (dawlah) in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh al-islāmī) and its relevance in addressing the strategic challenges of the digital globalization era. It highlights the foundational principles of governance in Islam, including justice (ʿadl), consultation (shūrā), accountability (masʾūliyyah), and preservation of public interest (maṣlaḥah). The research examines how classical juristic frameworks on sovereignty, legitimacy, and authority can be interpreted and applied in light of contemporary transformations shaped by digital technologies, global interconnectedness, and cyber governance. Furthermore, the study analyzes pressing issues such as digital ethics, transnational security, identity preservation, and the regulation of digital economies, emphasizing the need for a dynamic juristic approach that balances continuity of Islamic political thought with adaptation to modern realities. The findings argue for a strategic reevaluation of Islamic legal concepts of statehood to respond effectively to globalization, ensuring that Islamic values remain central in guiding governance in the digital age
Climate Change and Hydro-politics in South Asia: A Critical Analysis of the Indus Waters Treaty
No full textThe Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) signed between India and Pakistan in 1960 has been cited as a model of transboundary water agreement even in a situation where the political relationship has been frosty since then. Yet, the 21st century puts the full strain on this treaty as geopolitical tensions and unequal powers spread along with the increasing consequences of climate change. This paper critically analyzes the nexus between water security and interstate competition in South Asia regarding the resilience and relevance of the IWT in managing changing hydrological realities and the increasing national security concerns. With the use of hydro politics and securitization theory, this study examines how the lack of water created by climatic changes is becoming politicized and securitized in the India-Pakistan relationship. It explores the possibility of the trend of unilateral water infrastructure development, suspension of treaties, and cross-border finger-pointing that manifests itself in the light of terrorism, reflecting a shift in cooperative relations to a coercive one
Human Rights in Pakistan: Obligations, Challenges, and Compliance with International Standards
No full textThis article reviews the human rights concerns in Pakistan in relation to its international treaty obligations. The focus is to evaluate Pakistan’s adherence to international human rights benchmarks with particular consideration for civil rights, women’s issues, minorities, and children. With a qualitative approach using documents as primary sources, this research analyzes constitutional and legal documents, as well as institutional frameworks. This research Study reflects a large number of political problems such as instability, sociocultural factors, economic disparities, and ineffective governance that create hurdles in fulfilling these responsibilities. Although the government of Pakistan has recently made there some policy changes and legal adjustments, this work reveals a significant gap that exist between what Pakistan commits internationally and what is practiced nationally. In order to close the gaps in compliance with international standards, this article provides practical solutions for bolstering legal provisions pertaining to human rights advocacy and enforcement, improving institutional responsibility, and raising public awareness of human rights issues
A Qualitative Approach to Measure Customer Experience and Its Impact on Customer Service Satisfactionin the Hospitality Industry
No full textPurpose-Firms in the hospitality industry are relying on customer experience(CX) to create competitive advantage and fulfil the ever changing needs of customers. CX research in the hospitality industry is scarce and to advance the research on this topic, we aim to conceptualize CX and explore its key dimensions in luxury hotel segments in the context of Pakistan.
Methodology/Design/Approach –A qualitative approach- in-depth interviews were conducted with senior managers of big luxury hotels in Pakistan to explore the dimensions of CX.
Findings The conceptualized framework derived from grounded theory encapsulates five elements of CX: 1) personalization, 2) visual-sensory experience, 3) services, 4) automation, 5) user’s security and privacy. Study results further reveals that customers with international exposure give high importance to features like automation and privacy & security aspects in service design delivery. Whereas, local guests prefer customization, personalization and visual sensory cues in services during their stay in the hotel. However, service quality remains critical factor for all guests.
Originality of the research -The conceptualized framework informs manager’s decision making regarding service design and delivers a unique experience to their guests.  
Perceived Environmental Impact and Socio-Economic Benefits as Drivers of Tourism Sustainability: Evidence from Market, Economic, and Social Perspectives
No full textThe research paper investigates the connections among the perception of the environmental impacts of tourism and socio-economic benefits of the residents and how it affects the growth of sustainable tourism. With focus on the stakeholder theory, the study introduces residents as the key stakeholders whose involvement is vital to the sustainabile tourism. The results show that the perceived environmental impact measures have a positive relationship with the market and economic sustainability, but the relationships with the social sustainability are not significant, which drives the rejection of the Hypothesis H1c. On the contrary, socio-economic benefits positively relate strongly across the three sides of sustainable tourism namely economic, market as well as social which supports Hypothesis H2a, H2b and H2c. Theoretical offerings also enhance the relevance of the stakeholder theory because the paper argues that the position of the residents cannot be ignored to make the sustainable tourism, in market, social and economic terms. Practical implications imply that tourism policymakers (e.g., TDCP, PTDC, KPCTA) need to be more active in the process of engaging residents and encourage them to involve themselves in tourism planning. Conclusively, the research can stress that resident perceptions play significant role in ensuring balanced tourism development. Sustainable tourism requires ethical standards, community involvement and reciprocity of the tourists and the locals. These findings could be advanced in further research to narrow down solutions regarding tours built should be existing in a moderate way without leaving adverse impacts on the environment and concurrently being inclusive