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A scoping review of personalized user experiences on social media: The interplay between algorithms and human factors
Full text linkNo social media user sees the same feed. These platforms are personalized to the individual with the aid of algorithms that filter and prioritize content based on users' demographic profiles and personal data. On the one hand, this personalization aids the user by making the service more relevant, for instance by curating information of interest. On the other hand, personalization introduces potential risks associated with privacy concerns, lack of autonomy and control, as well as limited diversity of information. This scoping review presents an overview of the current state of knowledge of social media personalization from different research domains, providing insight on social media users’ algorithmic awareness, their customization habits, their interactions with curated content, and the debate on how algorithms may create closed information outlets. It also provides a condensed overview of the different terminology used across domains, in the form of a glossary.A scoping review of personalized user experiences on social media: The interplay between algorithms and human factorspublishedVersio
En kvalitativ studie av frivillig turnover blant salgsmedarbeidere og ledere i den norske retailbransjen
Full text linkTemaet for denne studien er faktorer for frivillig turnover blant salgsmedarbeidere og ledere i den norske retailbransjen. Hensikten med dette studiet er å få en dypere innsikt i hvilke faktorer som påvirker salgsmedarbeidere og ledere til å si opp jobben. Videre forsøker studien å fylle eksisterende mangler i litteraturen omhandlene likheter og ulikheter i faktorene for frivillig turnover blant salgsmedarbeidere og ledere, og faktorer for frivillig turnover rettet mot den norske retailbransjen. Studiens teoretiske bakgrunn består av en oversikt over eksisterende litteratur omhandlende frivillig turnover. Studien er av kvalitativ metode og utformet som en casestudie. Data ble samlet inn ved bruk av semistrukturerte dybdeintervju, og funnene ble strategisk analysert ved bruk av tematisk analyse. Våre funn underbygger eksisterende litteratur om at intensjon om oppsigelse, lav lønn, dårlig forhold til leder, lav grad av beslutningsmyndighet, begrensede karrieremuligheter, ensformige og repeterende arbeidsoppgaver, privatliv, åpningstider og arbeid alene er faktorer for frivillig turnover. Nye funn om at ensformige og repeterende arbeidsoppgaver, arbeid alene og ugunstige åpningstider kan bidra til den eksisterende litteraturen på feltet. Det fremkom likheter blant faktorene til salgsmedarbeiderne og lederne tilhørende lav lønn, dårlig forhold til leder, lav grad av beslutningsmyndighet, begrensede karrieremuligheter, ensformige og repeterende arbeidsoppgaver og arbeid alene. Ulikhetene fremkom ved faktorene; intensjon for oppsigelse, oppfattelse av trivsel knyttet til arbeidet, manglende opplæring og oppfølging, kolliderende arbeidshverdag og privatliv, og åpningstider. Vi fremhever også ytterligere bidrag til litteraturen, praktiske implikasjoner, begrensninger ved studiet og forslag til videre forskning om frivillig turnover
Exploring the role of UX designers in enhancing web accessibility: An activity aheory perspective on WCAG implementation
Full text linkAccess is what the web is all about and 60% of the world’s population have access to the web.
However, users of the web are diverse and people with disabilities are still experiencing
barriers because of poor web accessibility and usability. Web content accessibility guidelines
(WCAG) are developed to provide a wide range of recommendations for making accessible
web content, and are used by a variety of professionals including UX designers. Although
there are regulations and laws in place to ensure accessibility and reduce discrimination many
websites are not even compliant to the bare minimum level of satisfaction. Looking at the UX
designers activity and surroundings through an activity theory lens provided a more holistic
understanding. Activity theory aims to understand human behavior and learning by analyzing
the relationship between an individual and their environment, even in the field of IS activity
theory is a great support for exploring, analyzing and interpreting human activity.
This research aims to understand how UX designers work with web accessibility and how
WCAG affects the way they design web content to identify potential barriers or facilitators in
incorporating web accessibility more effectively. To do so a qualitative approach with two
rounds of interviews has been used to gain better understanding of the personal opinions and
experiences of the UX designers. The research found that the use of activity theory provide a
rich insight in the UX designers daily issues. The most significant finding is that disabled
users need to be a part of the process to ensure that solutions are accessible and usable.
Whether or not an UX designer has the support of the organization is not necessarily a success
factor if web accessibility is not integrated in the organizational culture and strategy
Global, regional, and national burden of other musculoskeletal disorders, 1990–2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Full text linkBackground Musculoskeletal disorders include more than 150 different conditions affecting joints, muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and the spine. To capture all health loss from death and disability due to musculoskeletal disorders, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) includes a residual musculoskeletal category for conditions other than osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, low back pain, and neck pain. This category is called other musculoskeletal disorders and includes, for example, systemic lupus erythematosus and spondylopathies. We provide updated estimates of the prevalence, mortality, and disability attributable to other musculoskeletal disorders and forecasted prevalence to 2050. Methods Prevalence of other musculoskeletal disorders was estimated in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020 using data from 68 sources across 23 countries from which subtraction of cases of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, low back pain, neck pain, and gout from the total number of cases of musculoskeletal disorders was possible. Data were analysed with Bayesian meta-regression models to estimate prevalence by year, age, sex, and location. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were estimated from prevalence and disability weights. Mortality attributed to other musculoskeletal disorders was estimated using vital registration data. Prevalence was forecast to 2050 by regressing prevalence estimates from 1990 to 2020 with Socio-demographic Index as a predictor, then multiplying by population forecasts. Findings Globally, 494 million (95% uncertainty interval 431–564) people had other musculoskeletal disorders in 2020, an increase of 123·4% (116·9–129·3) in total cases from 221 million (192–253) in 1990. Cases of other musculoskeletal disorders are projected to increase by 115% (107–124) from 2020 to 2050, to an estimated 1060 million (95% UI 964–1170) prevalent cases in 2050; most regions were projected to have at least a 50% increase in cases between 2020 and 2050. The global age-standardised prevalence of other musculoskeletal disorders was 47·4% (44·9–49·4) higher in females than in males and increased with age to a peak at 65–69 years in male and female sexes. In 2020, other musculoskeletal disorders was the sixth ranked cause of YLDs globally (42·7 million [29·4–60·0]) and was associated with 83 100 deaths (73 600–91 600). Interpretation Other musculoskeletal disorders were responsible for a large number of global YLDs in 2020. Until individual conditions and risk factors are more explicitly quantified, policy responses to this burden remain a challenge. Temporal trends and geographical differences in estimates of non-fatal disease burden should not be overinterpreted as they are based on sparse, low-quality data.Global, regional, and national burden of other musculoskeletal disorders, 1990–2020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021publishedVersio
Påvirkningen av salgshyppighet på forbrukerens merkevareholdning: En studie på digitale plattformer
Full text linkDenne masteroppgaven undersøker hvordan salgshyppighet påvirker forbrukernes merkevareholdning på digitale plattformer. Den uavhengige variabelen for oppgaven er salgshyppighet og den avhengige variabelen er merkevareholdning. Vi har også inkludert opplevd kvalitet som mediator og personlighetstrekket deal seeking propensity (DSP) som moderator. Formålet med oppgaven er å kartlegge om det er en forskjell i effekten av høy og lav salgshyppighet på forbrukerens merkevareholding, i tillegg til å se hvordan opplevd kvalitet og DSP påvirker dette forholdet. Etter å ha innhentet mye relevant teori, antar vi at høy salgshyppighet har en negativ påvirkning på merkevareholdningen til forbruker, samtidig som opplevd kvalitet kan ha en medierende effekt. I tillegg til dette, antar vi at høy grad av deal seeking propensity vil moderere effekten av salgshyppighet på merkevareholdning.
Ved hjelp av et 1x1 (høy vs. lav salgshyppighet) design, og et scenariobasert eksperiment, har vi undersøkt oppgavens tre hypoteser. Vi utarbeidet manipulasjonen vår ved hjelp av vårt fiktive treningsmerke Active, hvor respondentene ble eksponert for et stimuli med lav eller høy salgshyppighet. Manipulasjonen vår av salgshyppighet var vellykket, i tillegg til at vi kunne bekrefte H1, som var at høy salgshyppighet hadde en mer negativ påvirkning på forbrukernes merkevareholdning enn lavere hyppighet. Videre antok vi i H2 at hyppigheten av salg har en effekt på opplevd kvalitet, og dermed også på merkevareholdningen. Gjennom hypotesetesting fant vi støtte for hypotesen, som betyr at opplevd kvalitet medierte forholdet mellom uavhengig og avhengig variabel. Til slutt antok vi i H3 at forbrukere med høy grad av DSP ville resultere i en motsatt effekt enn H1. I likhet med støtte fra H1 og H2 kan vi ikke bekrefte H3.
Innsikt fra studien vår er verdifull informasjon for bransjen, da den både presenterer praktiske og teoretiske implikasjoner. For bransjen vil resultatene kunne hjelpe til med å utvikle mer effektive markedsføringsstrategier ved å ta hensyn til salgshyppighetens påvirkning på merkevareholdning hos forbruker. Studien supplerer også til teorigrunnlaget innen markedsføringsfaget, ved å bidra til innsikt innenfor salgshyppighet, opplevd kvalitet og merkevareholdning. Oppsummert gir denne studien verdifull innsikt i hvordan salgshyppighet påvirker forbrukerens merkevareholdning på digitale plattformer, samt at den bidrar til en dypere forståelse av forbrukeratferd og merkevareledelse i en stadig mer digitalisert verden
Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain, 1990–2020, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Full text linkBackground
Low back pain is highly prevalent and the main cause of years lived with disability (YLDs). We present the most up-to-date global, regional, and national data on prevalence and YLDs for low back pain from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021.
Methods
Population-based studies from 1980 to 2019 identified in a systematic review, international surveys, US medical claims data, and dataset contributions by collaborators were used to estimate the prevalence and YLDs for low back pain from 1990 to 2020, for 204 countries and territories. Low back pain was defined as pain between the 12th ribs and the gluteal folds that lasted a day or more; input data using alternative definitions were adjusted in a network meta-regression analysis. Nested Bayesian meta-regression models were used to estimate prevalence and YLDs by age, sex, year, and location. Prevalence was projected to 2050 by running a regression on prevalence rates using Socio-demographic Index as a predictor, then multiplying them by projected population estimates.
Findings
In 2020, low back pain affected 619 million (95% uncertainty interval 554–694) people globally, with a projection of 843 million (759–933) prevalent cases by 2050. In 2020, the global age-standardised rate of YLDs was 832 per 100 000 (578–1070). Between 1990 and 2020, age-standardised rates of prevalence and YLDs decreased by 10·4% (10·9–10·0) and 10·5% (11·1–10·0), respectively. A total of 38·8% (28·7–47·0) of YLDs were attributed to occupational factors, smoking, and high BMI.
Interpretation
Low back pain remains the leading cause of YLDs globally, and in 2020, there were more than half a billion prevalent cases of low back pain worldwide. While age-standardised rates have decreased modestly over the past three decades, it is projected that globally in 2050, more than 800 million people will have low back pain. Challenges persist in obtaining primary country-level data on low back pain, and there is an urgent need for more high-quality, primary, country-level data on both prevalence and severity distributions to improve accuracy and monitor change.publishedVersio
Analyzing motivating functions of consumer behavior: Evidence from attention and neural responses to choices and consumption
Full text linkAcademia and business have shown an increased interest in using neurophysiological methods, such as eye-tracking and electroencephalography (EEG), to assess consumer motivation. The current research contributes to this literature by verifying whether these methods can predict the effects of antecedent events as motivating functions of attention, neural responses, choice, and consumption. Antecedent motivational factors are discussed, with a specific focus on deprivation as such a situational factor. Thirty-two participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control conditions. Water deprivation of 11–12 h was used as an establishing operation to increase the reinforcing effectiveness of water. We designed three experimental sessions to capture the complexity of the relationship between antecedents and consumer behavior. Experimental manipulations in session 1 established the effectiveness of water for the experimental group and abolished it for the control group. Results from session 2 show that participants in the experimental group had significantly higher average fixation duration for the image of water. Their frontal asymmetry did not provide significant evidence of greater left frontal activation toward the water image. Session 3 demonstrated that choice and consumption behavior of the relevant reinforcer was significantly higher for participants in the experimental group. These early findings highlight the potential application of a multi-method approach using neurophysiological tools in consumer research, which provides a comprehensive picture of the functional relationship between motivating events, behavior (attention, neural responses, choice, and consumption), and consequences.publishedVersio
Effect of aerobic exercise and low-carbohydrate high-fat diet on glucose tolerance and android/gynoid fat in overweight/obese women: A randomized controlled trial
Full text linkThe study was designed to compare the effects of weight loss induced by a low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet or a normal diet, with and without exercise, on glucose tolerance measured as area under the curve (AUC), and android (A) and gynoid (G) fat distribution. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov; NCT04100356. In total, 57 women classified as overweight or obese (age 40 ± 3.5 years, body mass index 31.1 ± 2.6 kg/m2) were randomly assigned and completed a 10-week intervention using a low-carbohydrate high-fat diet or a normal diet, with or without aerobic interval exercise. An equal deficit of 700 kcal/day was prescribed, either restricting the diet only, or moderately restricting diet and including three 50-min high-intensity bicycle sessions per week. There were thus four groups: normal diet (NORM); low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet (LCHF); normal diet with exercise (NORM-EX); and low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet with exercise (LCHF-EX). Linear mixed models was used to assess differences between groups. With all groups pooled, the intervention resulted in a weight loss of 6.7 ± 2.5% (p < 0.001). The intervention did not result in differences between groups in AUC glucose, nor in fasting glucose or indicis for insulin resistance such as Homeostatic Model Assessment, Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index, insulinogenic index and disposition index. Post-intervention android fat was lower in LCHF than NORM (3,223 ± 727 vs. 2,533 ± 535 g, p = 0.041). LCHF reached a lower A/G ratio than NORM (0.94 ± 0.12 vs. 1.04 ± 0.09, p = 0.011) and LCHF-EX (0.94 ± 0.12 vs. 1.09 ± 0.09, p < 0.001) after the intervention. LCHF resulted in lower android fat mass compared to NORM and the lowest A/G ratio compared to the other matched groups, but with no accompanying improvement in AUC glucose. In conclusion, although all groups achieved improvements in glucose tolerance, no superior effect was observed with the LCHF diet, neither with nor without exercise.publishedVersio
Global research trends of sham acupuncture: A bibliometric analysis
Full text linkObjective
Sham acupuncture has been used as a control in acupuncture efficacy trials. However, questions have been raised about whether it is a physiologically inert placebo. We aimed to understand global research trends and provide guidance for future research by conducting a bibliometric analysis of sham acupuncture studies.
Methods
Journal articles published to date related to sham acupuncture were retrieved from Web of Science on May 29, 2023. The publication year, country, keyword, author, and organization of the studies were analyzed using the available bibliometric information. Using VOSviewer software, the co-occurrence of keywords in sham acupuncture studies was visualized as a network map by cluster analysis and overlay analysis according to the publication year.
Results
A total of 3428 studies were included in the analysis. Studies on sham acupuncture have been steadily increasing since 1991, with most of the studies conducted in China (1514 studies, 44.17 %), followed by the United States (789 studies, 23.02 %) and South Korea (277 studies, 8.08 %). The keywords of sham acupuncture research were classified into four clusters: evidence synthesis, pain clinical research, mechanism research, and acupressure research. Keyword analysis according to the publication year showed that evidence synthesis on sham acupuncture was recently focused on psychiatric conditions including depression and insomnia through systematic reviews, and clinical and mechanism studies on sham acupuncture were mostly conducted relatively in the past.
Conclusion
This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the development and global trends of sham acupuncture research to date, suggesting directions for future research.publishedVersio
Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in questing Ixodes ricinus nymphs in southern Scandinavia and the possible influence of meteorological factors
Full text linkIxodes ricinus ticks are Scandinavia's main vector for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which infects many people annually. The aims of the present study were (i) to obtain information on the TBEV prevalence in host-seeking I. ricinus collected within the Øresund-Kattegat-Skagerrak (ØKS) region, which lies in southern Norway, southern Sweden and Denmark; (ii) to analyse whether there are potential spatial patterns in the TBEV prevalence; and (iii) to understand the relationship between TBEV prevalence and meteorological factors in southern Scandinavia. Tick nymphs were collected in 2016, in southern Scandinavia, and screened for TBEV, using pools of 10 nymphs, with RT real-time PCR, and positive samples were confirmed with pyrosequencing. Spatial autocorrelation and cluster analysis was performed with Global Moran's I and SatScan to test for spatial patterns and potential local clusters of the TBEV pool prevalence at each of the 50 sites. A climatic analysis was made to correlate parameters such as minimum, mean and maximum temperature, relative humidity and saturation deficit with TBEV pool prevalence. The climatic data were acquired from the nearest meteorological stations for 2015 and 2016. This study confirms the presence of TBEV in 12 out of 30 locations in Denmark, where six were from Jutland, three from Zealand and two from Bornholm and Falster counties. In total, five out of nine sites were positive from southern Sweden. TBEV prevalence of 0.7%, 0.5% and 0.5%, in nymphs, was found at three sites along the Oslofjord (two sites) and northern Skåne region (one site), indicating a potential concern for public health. We report an overall estimated TBEV prevalence of 0.1% in questing I. ricinus nymphs in southern Scandinavia with a region-specific prevalence of 0.1% in Denmark, 0.2% in southern Sweden and 0.1% in southeastern Norway. No evidence of a spatial pattern or local clusters was found in the study region. We found a strong correlation between TBEV prevalence in ticks and relative humidity in Sweden and Norway, which might suggest that humidity has a role in maintaining TBEV prevalence in ticks. TBEV is an emerging tick-borne pathogen in southern Scandinavia, and we recommend further studies to understand the TBEV transmission potential with changing climate in Scandinavia.publishedVersio