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Civil Asset Confiscation Law – New Criminal Policy or Restrictions Out Bounding Criminal Procedure?
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Pilvo aortos vietos nustatymas krūtinės ląstos tomografinėje nuotraukoje
Get PDFKompiuterinė tomografija, kuri naudojama pilvo aortos aneurizmos diagnostikai ir stebėjimui, leidžia vartotojams stebėti aneurizmos būseną paciento kūno skerspjūvio nuotraukų sekoje. Dažnai kompiuterine tomografija grįstiems diagnostikos įrankiams aortos vieta turi būti nurodoma vartotojo. Darbe aprašomas pilvo aortos vidinių taškų identifikavimo būdas be pradinės aortos vietos išankstinio žymėjimo. Darbe sprendžiami uždaviniai: medicinos vaizdų analizės metodų apžvalga bei parinkimas, pirminis vaizdų apdorojimas pašalinant triukšmą bei išskiriant vaizde esančių objektų kontūrus, aortos aptikimo metodo pasiūlymas. Taip pat pasiūlomas aortos trombo aptikimo metodas, kuriam vartotojas turi pateikti sekos vaizdą, kuriame trombas yra matomas, bet jam nereikia nurodyti tikslios ar apytikslės trombo vietos
When the search domain is back region in Baltic: The Latvian aiz as compared to the Lithuanian už
Get PDFThe paper sets out to examine prepositional polysemy in the Baltic languages. More precisely, the investigation focuses on the semantic structure of the Latvian preposition aiz + Gen. ‘behind, beyond’ as compared to the Lithuanian už + Gen. / Acc. ‘behind, beyond, for’ discussed in our previous paper (Šeškauskienė & Žilinskaitė-Šinkūnienė 2015). The methodology of research relies on the cognitive linguistic framework, mainly on the principle of motivated polysemy. Its key idea is that in the semantic network of the preposition all senses are seen as directly or indirectly linked to the central sense. In the case of aiz and už, the central sense encodes information about spatial configuration of Figure and Ground with the former located in the back region of the latter. A number of other senses, mostly concrete, derived from the central sense, overlap in Latvian and Lithuanian but demonstrate a differing degree of entrenchment. The most distinct differences are identifiable in the abstract senses
Du lenkiškojo TĖVYNĖS koncepto profiliai
Get PDFThe starting point for this study is the dynamic view of homeland formulated by e.g. Karol Wojtyła in his Thinking Homeland (“When I think homeland, I seek the road that cuts through mountainsides… it runs steeply up in each of us and does not allow to stand still”). The study focuses on two profiles of the Polish concept: the noble-intelligentsia profile and the folk-peasant profile. In the former, which continues the tradition of military legions, the relationship between people and homeland is modelled in accordance with the patriotic-heroic ethos, deriving from the Romantic tradition and focusing on active resistance and sacrifice. In the latter, the predominant mood is expiatory, connected with the responsibility for the collapase of the the 1st Polish (Nobility) Republic. This profile includes the all-national homeland, then the regional and European homeland – the ideas of the state, civic, and cultural homeland compete with one another. The folk profile of homeland derives from the tradition of Polish peasantry – peasants did not feel responsible for the collapse of the state, being de facto slaves in the Poland of nobility. The peasant ethos, based on the idea of joint work and social solidarity, is close to the positivistic spirit. It links the idea of duty (homeland can ask for sacrifice) with that of expectation (homeland should extend one’s care over people). The folk profile includes the homeland of family and home, the local homeland, the national homeland, as well as the world as people’s homeland. It is assumed that the two profiles of homeland are to a great extent complementary.Atramos tašku pasirinkęs dinamišką Karolio Wojtyłos poemoje Myśląc Ojczyzna (lie. „Mąstant apie Tėvynę“) suformuluotą tėvynės koncepciją (Kiedy myślę: Ojczyzna, szukam drogi, która zbocza przecina, … biegnie stromo w każdym z nas i nie pozwala ustać) ‘Kai mąstau: Tėvynė, ieškau kelio, kuris šlaitus kerta, bėga stačiai per kiekvieną iš mūsų ir neleidžia sustoti’, autorius aptaria du lenkų TĖVYNĖS koncepto profilius: bajorijos (inteligentų) ir liaudies (valstiečių). Pirmajame, kuris savitai tęsia kovotojų pulkų tradiciją, žmogaus ryšys su tėvyne modeliuojamas pagal patriotinį herojišką etosą, kilusį iš romantizmo ir turintį jo bruožų, orientuotą į kovą ir pasiaukojimą. Bajorų žemvaldžių tradicijoje šis profilis iš esmės įgijo atgailos dimensiją, buvo siejamas su kaltės jausmu dėl Pirmosios Respublikos žlugimo. Jame vyraujanti nacionalinės tėvynės samprata į antrą planą nustumia tarpusavyje konkuruojančias regioninės, europietiškosios, pilietinės ir kultūrinės tėvynės sąvokas. Antrajame, liaudiškajame, profilyje tėvynė kyla iš valstietiškosios tradicijos, kuriai kaltės dėl tėvynės žlugimo jausmas buvo svetimas, mat bajorų Lenkijoje valstiečiai buvo baudžiauninkai. Valstietiškasis bendro darbo ir visuomeninio solidarumo idėjomis paremtas etosas itin artimas pozityvizmo dvasiai. Be to, jame tėvynės samprata grindžiama ne tik pareigos jausmu (Żywią i bronią), bet ir apsaugos dimensija: tėvynė ir motina neturi vien reikalauti pasiaukojimo, ji taip pat privalo globoti savo vaikus. Liaudiškajame profilyje vyrauja vietinės, „naminės“ tėvynės samprata, nacionalinės tėvynės ar pasaulio kaip bendros tėvynės samprata jam nebūdinga. Autorius daro prielaidą, kad abu aptarti tėvynės profiliai daugeliu atžvilgių vienas kitą papildo
Jak szanuję to bez ale. SZACUNEK w wypowiedziach ankietowych lubelskich studentów
Get PDFThis paper aims to present and discuss the results of a survey study concerning the notion of SZACUNEK (“esteem”). The survey was conducted in a group of students from Lublin universities: Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Medical University of Lublin and Lublin University of Technology. The participants of the study included male and female students pursuing both STEM and liberal arts degrees.The present paper is situated within the research on the language of values, which has its framework in the context of the five-volume Leksykon aksjologiczny Słowian i ich sąsiadów (“Axiological Lexicon of Slavs and Their Neighbours”) published under the scholarly and editorial direction of Jerzy Bartmiński as part of the international conference EUROJOS. The analyses discussed by the author were carried out in accordance with the methodological approach adopted in the report Język – wartości – polityka. Zmiany rozumienia nazw wartości w okresie transformacji ustrojowej w Polsce (“Language, Values, Politics. Evolution of the Understanding of Names of Values during the System Transformation in Poland”) published under the direction of Jerzy Bartmiński.
The survey study made use of the Axiological Dictionary Questionnaire. All respondents were obligatorily asked the following question: “What – in your view – constitutes the essence of esteem?”. The analysis and discussion of questionnaire results was based on 100 responses (N) and 142 “mini-responses” (W). This allowed to distinguish 28 descriptors (D), 15 of which had only single occurrences. Descriptor characteristics (along with the corresponding phrases) were ordered according to the number of occurrences and assigned to appropriate aspects. Six aspects characteristic for the students’ view of ESTEEM were distinguished.Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badań ankietowych dotyczących rozumienia pojęcia szacunku, zgodnie z ujęciem metodologicznym przyjętym w raporcie Język – wartości – polityka. Zmiany rozumienia nazw wartości w okresie transformacji ustrojowej w Polsce wydanym pod kierunkiem Jerzego Bartmińskiego (JWP 2006). W przeprowadzonym badaniu empirycznym posłużono się schematem lubelskiej ankiety ASA. Adekwatnie do przyjętej procedury wszystkim studentom obligatoryjnie zadano jedno pytanie: „Co – według Ciebie – stanowi o istocie prawdziwego szacunku?”.Do grupy respondentów włączono 100 studentów 5 lubelskich uczelni: Uniwersytetu Marii Curie -Skłodowskiej, Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego, Uniwersytetu Medycznego i Politechniki Lubelskiej. W gronie ankietowanych byli przedstawiciele obu płci (kobiety i mężczyźni), wśród nich studiujący zarówno kierunki ścisłe, jak i humanistyczne.
The data gathered from the students of Lublin universities point out to the profoundly social nature of ESTEEM – it was the social aspect (S) that had the most occurrences. On this level, the essence of esteem lies mainly in: 1) acceptance and empathy toward others (the trait most frequently mentioned by the respondents) – strongly linked to the respect for difference, tolerance, understanding and kindness, and thus clearly correlated with subjective treatment of other people; 2) courteous manners manifested through appropriate behaviour toward others (understood as positive treatment of others, proper wayof addressing people, or wearing occasion-appropriate attire), and appropriate treatment of animals and objects; 3) recognizing the other’s authority, clearly correlated with showing admiration/respect. The psychological (P), ethical (E) and psychosocial (A) aspects ranked second, third and fourth in the occurrence hierarchy, respectively. According to the respondents, the existential (B) and cultural (K) aspects are characterised by the lowest occurrence. The data gathered in the course of the survey is in agreement with the subjective denotation of the word szacunek, recorded in the primary position in all newer dictionaries of the Polish language: “recognition of the value of someone / something, consideration, regard”, or “particular regard or respect shown to someone / something”
Lietuvių paremijų kaupimas ir sklaida: šiuolaikiniai ištekliai
Get PDFThe Collection of Lithuanian Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases built by the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore in Vilnius presents a thorough view of the corpus of traditional paremias. A larger part of the Collection consists of archival data, another one – of paremias collected from written sources.Archival data – that is paremias mostly from the Lithuanian Folklore Archive (LTR), Lithuanian Scientific Society’s Archive (LMD). These texts are mainly samples of the spoken language and dialects. The oldest archive collections are from the 19th century. Another large part of Lithuanian paremias compilation consists of texts collected from written sources. It is worth to mention, that we have around 1500 proverbs from the period of the 16th to the 18th centuries.The collection is accessible through three resources: they are the Card Index, the publication “Lithuanian Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases” (LPP), and The Electronic Compilation of Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases (eLPP).The Card Index was the first organized and systematized resource of Lithuanian paremias and served as the base for LPP and eLPP. The Card Index was created in 1970–1990 following the initiative of professor Kazys Grigas, who was also the author of the system of it. There are around 50 000 proverb types and more than 200 000 variant texts in the Card Index.At the end of the 20th century, LPP was started to be compiled. There have been three volumes published until now (Vol. 1 – 2000, Vol. 2 – 2008, Vol. 3 – 2019). LPP presents carefully sorted data without duplicates, copies, and fakes, and it has some additional data: Lithuanian paremias equivalents (in Latvian, Polish, German, English, Latin, and Russian) and type titles’ translations into English, German, and Russian.In 1998, eLPP was started and in 2018, after receiving funding from the Lithuanian Research Council (LMTLT), the database was updated. Now, the database also has an English version. eLPP includes the Card Index’ data and LPP data as well, with an exception of paremias variants. Due to the recently observed rising need to find an explanation of a saying, the category “Interpretation” has been introduced. The newly programmed search engine now contains functions of a simple search, advanced search, and selection lists. The database address is http://archyvas.llti.lt/elpp/lt, an email for comments and questions is [email protected] pristatomas Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institute sukauptas lietuvių patarlių ir priežodžių1 fondas, jo šaltiniai ir saugojimo pavidalai: kartoteka, visuminis leidinys Lietuvių patarlės ir priežodžiai (LPP) ir elektroninis sąvadas Lietuvių patarlės ir priežodžiai (eLPP). Taip pat aptariami šių išteklių sisteminiai skirtumai, duomenų apimtis, vartojimo patogumo kriterijai. Trumpai aptariama paremijų tipologizavimo problematika
Polska frazematyka gwarowa – stan badań (za pięciolecie 2015–2020), metody i perspektywy
Get PDFThe article has three goals. The first is to present the history of research on Polish dialectal phrasematics. In particular, attention was paid to the last five years, i.e. the period 2015–2020. The works in question were ordered according to the dialectological key, taking into account the following dialects: Greater Polish, Masovian, Silesian, Lesser Polish, and the North and South-Eastern dialects. The second goal is to indicate the methodologies that have so far been used to describe dialectal phrasematics. Initially, component analysis was used, which was part of the structuralist research trend, later (more or less from the late 1980s) the ethnolinguistic approach, especially the description of the linguistic picture of the world, began to dominate. The third goal of the article is to provide perspectives. The author once again (as he did it in his earlier works) postulates the preparation of a dictionary of Polish dialectal phrasematics.W artykule zostały scharakteryzowane publikacje z zakresu polskiej frazematyki gwarowej, które ukazały się drukiem w latach 2015–2020. Poza tym autor omówił metody, jakie w nich wykorzystywano – początkowo była to analiza składnikowa, wpisująca się w nurt badań strukturalistycznych, później (mniej więcej od końca lat 80. XX w.) ujęcia etnolingwistyczne, zwłaszcza dotyczące językowego obrazu świata. Co do perspektyw, autor po raz kolejny (robił to bowiem we wcześniejszych swoich pracach) postuluje przygotowanie słownika frazematycznego gwar polskich
Семья и семейные ценности: на основе рукописей литовско-польских татар
Get PDFFamily always was among the most important human values. Family subject became essential part of the ethnolinguistic researches. Child birth, wedding, death and funeral is the cycle of life, particularly tightly related to traditional culture. Description of family rituals and traditions highlights family relationships which is the basis of this paper. Kinship subject constantly found in stories about ethnic religiosity, rites of folk medicine, myths and legends. In her article I. A. Sedakova has noted that “any discussion on the topic of kinship has sufficiently relevant data for complex linguistic research” (Sedakova, 2009, 226).The comprehension of family and its values are reflected in a completely different way in Lithuanian Tatar manuscripts written in Slavic languages and Arabic characters. Emigrants from Golden Horde and Crimean khanate were the one of the first muslims to settle in Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 14th century. Three most important events in human life: birth, wedding, death and accompanying rites used by Lithuanian Tatars are different from the ones used by local residents. In general Lithuanian Tatar rites have common Muslim roots, even though they have traces of shamanism and perceptible influence from Christianity. One can talk about religious syncretism when the various teachings of faith and cult rites are combined in the interplay of religions and their historical development. In this article we try to reveal the whole network of connections and relationships that contain the concepts of family and family values, based on texts written in Lithuanian Tatar manuscripts in Slavic languages (Ruthenian and Polish).Семья всегда занимала и занимает одно из важнейших мест среди жизненных ценностей человека. Семейные темы являются обязательной составляющей этнолингвистических исследований. Представление о семье и семейных ценностях особым образом преломляется в арабографичных славяноязычных рукописях литовских татар. Выходцы из Золотой Орды и Крымского ханства — это одни из первых мусульман, поселившихся на территории Великого княжества Литовского в XIV в. Три главных момента в жизни человека — рождение, свадьба, смерть — и сопутствующая им обрядовость у литовских татар иная, нежели у местного населения, обряды литовских татар в основном имеют общемусульманские (общетюркские) корни, однако в них также присутствуют следы остатков шаманизма и местного христианского влияния. В данной статье, опираясь на тексты из арабографичных славяноязычных (белорусско- и польскоязычных) рукописей литовских татар, мы попытаемся выявить целую сеть связей и отношений, на которые распространяется понятие семьи и семейных ценностей
Семантика БЕЛИЗНЫ в русском, польском и литовском языкаx: сопоставительный анализ
Get PDFThe paper presents the results of the contrastive semantic analysis of the Russian lexeme белый ‘white’ and its Polish and Lithuanian equivalents — biały / baltas. The research aimed at comparing the collocability of the terms of ‘white’ with names of various objects and phenomena (both in the literal and figurative senses) including the identification of the prototype references and connotative meanings. The analysis has illustrated that Rus. белый / Pol. Biały / Lith. baltas have similar ranges of use and develop almost identical connotations. In all languages, whiteness is interpreted as the lightest color whose qualitative prototype pattern is SNOW, and the quantitative prototype pattern is DAYLIGHT. The prototype references create characteristic connotation chains: ‘as white as snow’ — ‘pure (also morally)’ — ‘innocent’ — ‘honest’ — ‘good’; ‘as white (light) as daylight’ — ‘transparent’ — ‘obvious’ — ‘legal’ — ‘good’. The differences between the discussed units are mainly noted on the level of the lexical components with individual connotations. Apart from the few phenomena that are culturally specific, in the use of the lexemes белый / biały / baltas there are no major discrepancies. Instead, it is possible to note only the asymmetry as it is in the case with the related meanings ‘clarity’ and ‘legality’.В статье представлены результаты когнитивно-сопоставительного анализа семантики рус. белый, пол. biały и лит. baltas. Aнализ направлен на изучение особенностей сочетаемости наименований белого цвета с определенными классами объектов с целью установления типичныx для данныx языков культурныx прототипов белизны. Исследование показало, что семантика белого цвета довольна многопланова: изучаемые наименования широко используются при описанияx не только артефактов и явлений природы, но и в контексте физического и псиxологического состояния человека. Сопоставление особенностей функционирования и сочетаемости рус. белый, пол. biały и лит. baltas выявило значительное сxодство иx семантической структуры в отношении как прототипическиx значений, так и коннотаций: ‘белый как снег’ — ‘чистый’ — ‘невинный’ — ‘xороший’; ‘белый как день’ — ‘светлый’ — ‘ясный / прозрачный’ — ‘легальный’ — ‘xороший’. Во всеx треx языкаx неотъемлемым элементом восприятия белого цвета является его противопоставление черному (темному), отмечаемое также на уровне коннотаций, ср.: ‘черный / темный’ — ‘грязный’ — ‘непрозрачный’ — ‘неморальный’ — ‘нелегальный’ — ‘неxороший’. Различия прослеживаются в основном на уровне отдельныx коллокаций и фразеологизмов