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On the effectiveness of restorative justice in the ecocide crime
Get PDFThis paper will review some concepts elaborated upon by restorative justice and reflect on how some of them can be put in with the context of the ecocide crime. It can be said that this crime, as the fifth most serious crime against global peace, is a new threat for a human’s life. The crime of ecocide, especially its governmental and corporate types, severely damages and destroys the environment, and in addition to the threat it poses to environmental security, ecocide undermines the foundations of economic and social security. The author used a descriptive-analytical approach and library resources to study the process of invention of the concept of ecocide as well as its essence in restorative justice thought. The present study tries to show that restorative justice applied to ecocide crime is a justice that provides environmental revitalisation-reparation. This novel vision will attempt to provide judicial actors insights regarding the role played by restorative policies to restore or sustain ecological functioning in the promotion of human rights, survival of environment, and the diminishment of social suffering
The convergence of judicial and administrative investigation techniques in French law
Get PDFUnsurprisingly, some of the prerogatives of the judicial police and the intelligence services are common. This is the case of human sources. Other acts, particularly those involving deprivation of liberty or intrusion into private life, are usually the responsibility of the judicial police. The commission of an offence and the control of the judicial authority justify restrictions on fundamental rights. This pattern is now disrupted because intelligence law is copying privacy-invasive mechanisms from the criminal procedure code. The convergence of these fields also has an interactive character, since techniques specifically developed for preventive law have recently been borrowed by repressive law. The legislator therefore uses the investigative techniques of each field to improve the other. This movement has an increasingly competitive character which seems to benefit the intelligence services. At this point, they have the most complex and intrusive acts at their disposal, which erodes the distinction between preventive and repressive action
TLA+ specifikacijų išskyrimas iš Elixir programos
Get PDFŠiame tyrime yra nagrinėjamas metodas, padedantis užtikrinti Elixir programos atitikimą programinės įrangos inžinieriaus kurtai TLA+ specifikacijai. Kuriant metodą apibrėžtas vertimo taisyklių rinkinys, skirtas TLA+ specifikacijų išskyrimui iš nuosekliosios išskirstyto Elixir algoritmo dalies. Naudojant sudarytas taisykles, buvo įgyvendintas vertimo įrankis, Elixir kodą paverčiantis į TLA+ specifikaciją. Sugeneruotos specifikacijos teisingumas tikrinamas modelio tikrinimu ir tikslinimu, o teisingas vertimo įrankio veikimas užtikrinamas konvertuojant sugeneruotą specifikaciją atgal į Elixir kodą ir vykdant pirminės programos vienetų testus.Šiame tyrime yra nagrinėjamas metodas, padedantis užtikrinti Elixir programos atitikimą programinės įrangos inžinieriaus kurtai TLA+ specifikacijai. Kuriant metodą apibrėžtas vertimo taisyklių rinkinys, skirtas TLA+ specifikacijų išskyrimui iš nuosekliosios išskirstyto Elixir algoritmo dalies. Naudojant sudarytas taisykles, buvo įgyvendintas vertimo įrankis, Elixir kodą paverčiantis į TLA+ specifikaciją. Sugeneruotos specifikacijos teisingumas tikrinamas modelio tikrinimu ir tikslinimu, o teisingas vertimo įrankio veikimas užtikrinamas konvertuojant sugeneruotą specifikaciją atgal į Elixir kodą ir vykdant pirminės programos vienetų testus
Adaptyvių kompiuterinių sistemų formalus modeliavimas ir verifikavimas taikant statistinį modelių patikrinimo metodą
Get PDFŠiame straipsnyje yra aprašomas tyrimas, kurio metu buvo formaliai verifikuojama adaptyvi kompiuterinė robotų sistema. Sistemos modelis buvo sukurtas ir formaliai verifikuojamas taikant statistinį modelių patikrinimo metodą naudojant UPPAAL SMC įrankį. Darbe yra siūloma apjungti du populiarius sistemos organizavimo modelius – hierarchinį bei saviorganizuojantį. Tyrime yra analizuojamas laiko aspektas – tyrinėjamas sistemos reakcijos greitis, vidutinis užduoties atlikimo laikas. Tyrimo rezultatų pagrindų yra pateikiami sukaupti pastebėjimai ir rekomendacijos verifikuojamos sistemos kūrimui ir tolimesniems tyrimams
Lietuvos lenkų jaunimo kalbinės nuostatos
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to determine the attitudes of Polish youth in Lithuania towards the Lithuanian, Russian, English, and Polish languages. The material has been drawn from qualitative research conducted through questionnaires. In order to summarize the results of the research, 147 questionnaires completed by respondents aged 16–34, who declared Polish nationality, were selected. The survey was done between February 20 and March 3, 2023, via Google Forms. Results of the 2023 attitude survey were compared with those of the 2010 sociolinguistic survey. 98.6% (n = 145) of the young respondents consider Polish to be their mother tongue or one of their mother tongues, which is 18.4% higher than the result obtained in the 2010 survey. Preferences for the most beautiful, the necessary, the most common, and the most prestigious language were compared with the preferences that were described in my article (Geben 2013). Results of the statistical analysis show that Lithuanian is the most frequently mentioned language among the most necessary languages, but English is still the language the most in need for young respondents (63.9%, n = 94). Polish retains its position as the most beautiful language for those whose mother tongue is Polish. Polish has become the most common language for young respondents (67.3%, n = 99), with Russian still in a second place in this category (47.6%, n = 70).
The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes of Polish youth in Lithuania towards the Lithuanian, Russian, English, and Polish languages. The material has been drawn from qualitative research conducted through questionnaires. In order to summarize the results of the research, 147 questionnaires completed by respondents aged 16–34, who declared Polish nationality, were selected. The survey was done between February 20 and March 3, 2023, via Google Forms. Results of the 2023 attitude survey were compared with those of the 2010 sociolinguistic survey. 98.6% (n = 145) of the young respondents consider Polish to be their mother tongue or one of their mother tongues, which is 18.4% higher than the result obtained in the 2010 survey. Preferences for the most beautiful, the necessary, the most common, and the most prestigious language were compared with the preferences that were described in my article (Geben 2013). Results of the statistical analysis show that Lithuanian is the most frequently mentioned language among the most necessary languages, but English is still the language the most in need for young respondents (63.9%, n = 94). Polish retains its position as the most beautiful language for those whose mother tongue is Polish. Polish has become the most common language for young respondents (67.3%, n = 99), with Russian still in a second place in this category (47.6%, n = 70).Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti Lietuvos lenkų jaunimo požiūrį į lietuvių, rusų, anglų ir lenkų kalbas. Šiam tikslui pasiekti atlikta kiekybinė apklausa. Tyrimo rezultatams apibendrinti atrinktos 147 anketos, kurias užpildė 16–34 metų respon dentai, deklaravę lenkų tautybę. Apklausa buvo vykdoma nuo 2023 m. vasario 20 d. iki 2023 m. kovo 3 d. naudojantis įrankiu Google Forms. 98,6 proc. (n = 145) jaunų respondentų mano, kad lenkų kalba yra jų gimtoji arba viena iš gimtųjų kalbų. Šis rezultatas yra 18,4 proc. didesnis nei gautas 2010 m. atliktoje apklausoje. Nagrinė jami gražiausios, reikalingiausios, įprasčiausios ir prestižiškiausios kalbos nuostatų tyrimo rezultatai. Atlikus statistinę analizę paaiškėjo, kad tarp reikalingiausių kalbų minima lietuvių kalba, tačiau lenkų jaunimui reikalingiausia visgi yra anglų kalba. Lenkų kalba respondentams yra gražiausia ir įprasčiausia. Daugiausia jaunuolių prestižiškiausia įvardija anglų kalbą
Bioninis žmogus – nusikalstamos veikos subjektas?
Get PDFThe article aims to analyse who a bionic man is and whether a bionic person can be a subject of a criminal deed according to Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania.Straipsnyje siekama išanalizuoti, kas yra bioninis žmogus, ir ar bioninis žmogus gali būti nusikalstamos veikos subjektas pagal dabartinį Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamąjį kodeksą
Ar greitas procesas yra visada teisingas procesas?
Get PDFThis article analyzes the main problematic aspects of principle of speed to reach the right decision of the case.Straipsnyje analizuojami greitumo principo probleminiai aspektai siekiant teisingo bylos išnagrinėjimo
Cooperation Between Lithuanian Administrative Courts and the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Development of European Union Law: Constructive Dialogue
Get PDFThis article aims to assess the trends of cooperation between the administrative courts of Lithuania and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) based on the preliminary ruling procedure. The article consists of two parts. First, the nature and importance of the preliminary ruling procedure itself are briefly discussed. The transformations of the system of national courts have recently started in several EU Member States and the CJEU case law, developing the principle of independence of the judiciary, triggered by these transformations, calls for reassessment of the importance of the preliminary ruling procedure. The second part of this article evaluates the tendencies and the practices of the Lithuanian administrative courts in referring questions to the CJEU for a preliminary ruling.The above-mentioned analysis leads to several conclusions. First, the fundamental role of the preliminary ruling procedure in development of EU law and ensuring its effectiveness at national level are emphasized and the importance of cooperation with national courts is stressed. Second, analysis of the case law of Lithuanian administrative courts reveals that they recognize the specific nature and principles of EU law and consistently apply it in their judicial activities. So far, Lithuanian administrative courts and the CJEU are engaged in rather intensive dialogue thus contributing to a consistent development of EU law
Res Judicata Principle in the Case Law of International and Lithuanian Courts
Get PDFRes judicata is a general principle of law recognized in all legal systems and based on legal certainty. However, recognition of universal character of this legal principle does not resolve the problem of finality of a judgment rendered on national level when this judgment contradicts the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) or EU law. A similar problem arises in situations where final national judicial decisions contradict posterior judgments of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). In public international law, the authority of res judicata of a judgment of national court does not prevent international courts from holding that this judgment contradicts international obligations of a State and thus entails international liability. The case law of the ECtHR and the CJEU shows that grounds for reopening of national proceedings is a matter of domestic law. There is also no general rule which would require reopening of national proceedings in order to put judicial decisions in line with the judgments of the ECtHR and the CJEU. Nevertheless, the res judicata principle is not absolute and cannot serve as an excuse for non-respect of human rights. Higher courts’ powers to quash or alter binding and enforceable judicial decisions should be exercised for the purpose of correcting violation of human rights. In EU law, the principles of sincere cooperation, equivalence and effectiveness may require to review a final decision of national court incompatible with the Charter of Fundamental Rights or, in general, with the directly applicable EU rules. In conformity with supremacy of EU law, the authority of res judicata of national judicial decisions must be reviewed on the basis of principle of legality and rule of law. This should prevail over traditional recourse to legal certainty of a final judgment