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Contribuer à l’histoire de la préhistoire à partir du fonds photographique de la Société préhistorique française (1900-1925) : le projet « Préhisto-Photo » à la croisée de l’associatif et du participatif
No full textInternational audienceThis article draws on the photographic archives of the Société Préhistorique Française (SPF), a key associative organization in French Prehistory since its founding in 1904. Deposited at the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle under an institutional agree- ment, this previously unexplored collection consists of 3,929 photographic glass plates, film negatives, and prints, with images dating from 1888 to 1928. Since 2023, we have developed an innovative participatory indexing project called “Préhisto-Photo”. Aligned with the French Charter of Participatory Science and Research, this initiative aims to digitize, document, and disseminate these photographic records to a broad audience. We present the methodological approach and choices made in 2024 to ensure the interoperability and accessibility of data on the Calames platform, as well as describing the creation of a Joint Orientation Committee responsible for supervising and validating citizen contributions. By engaging modern citizens and amateur archaeologists in cataloging and interpreting historical images, we seek not only to preserve vulnerable archaeological heritage but also to strengthen public ownership of local cultural heritage. The paper first examines the SPF archive and contextualizes its historical significance. Initially, the SPF’s photographic activities were rooted in early citizen science, as members systematically documented archaeological sites, monuments, and research expeditions across France and abroad–long before official archaeological legislation emerged in the 1940s. This rich corpus, capturing the formative years of prehistoric archaeology in France, is invaluable for reconstructing scientific practices and the social networks that supported them. Next, the paper outlines the methodological framework established in 2024 to facilitate the collection’s indexing. The data were cataloged using the EAD (Encoded Archival Description) standard, compatible with Calames, the French collective catalog of archives and manuscripts. The process revealed challenges such as incomplete records, varying documentation quality, and the physical state of materials. These methodological choices ensure interoperability, long-term digital preservation, and broader accessibility for the project’s participatory phase.The final section details practical steps to ensure collaborative indexing. We discuss forming a mixed oversight committee (CMOS), comprising professional researchers, archivists, and SPF amateur volunteers. The committee oversees crowdsourced metadata standards, validates contributions, and guides digitization and dissemination. A structured plan engages citizens in annotating, contextualizing, and enriching photographic metadata, enhancing both public understanding and scientific research. Additionally, we emphasize the need for an integrated classification plan for the entire SPF archive, including textual and administrative documents alongside photographs. This approach leverages multiple archival sources to fill gaps, correct inaccuracies, and improve contextualization. Combining diverse archival resources with participatory methods represents a significant innovation in archaeological archive management. In conclusion, this project highlights early volunteer-led archaeological practices while actively involving contemporary citizens in heritage awareness. It also addresses broader implications of amateur expertise and volunteerism in contemporary scientific research, particularly in a context of growing public participation in science. Ultimately, this collaborative effort seeks to redefine the citizen-scientist role in archaeology, upholding the ideals of shared knowledge and public benefit embedded in the 1901 French Association Law.Cet article s'appuie sur l'étude des fonds photographiques de la Société préhistorique française, acteur associatif central et précurseur pour la préhistoire depuis 1904. Déposé sous convention au Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, et jusqu'ici inexploré, ce corpus est riche de 3 929 plaques de verre, négatifs sur film souple et tirages photographiques, dont les prises de vue s'échelonnent de 1888 à 1928. Depuis 2023, le projet d'indexation participative « Préhisto-Photo » est tourné vers la numérisation et la valorisation de cette documentation auprès du grand public. Nous présentons non seulement la démarche et les choix méthodologiques réalisés en 2024 pour assurer l'interopérabilité et l'accessibilité des données sur la plateforme Calames, mais aussi la création d'un comité mixte d'orientation chargé d'encadrer et de valider les contributions citoyennes. Conçu selon les règles de la Charte des sciences et recherches participatives en France, notre objectif est de patrimonialiser les premières démarches citoyennes des amateurs en archéologie en les plaçant entre les mains des citoyens d'aujourd'hui comme de ceux désireux de valoriser ce fonds par la recherche. Nous souhaitons, d'une part, continuer le travail de sensibilisation à l'égard d'un patrimoine archéologique particulièrement vulnérable, et, d'autre part, centraliser et encadrer la participation des citoyens afin qu'ils révèlent, documentent et s'approprient durablement les richesses culturelles de leur territoire
An insight into Late Glacial fire-making toolkits: Two chert strike-a-lights at Le Colombier II rock shelter (Ardèche, France)
No full textInternational audienceWhile evidence of the daily use of fire during the Paleolithic is abundantly represented by hearth features, charcoals, or burnt faunal and lithic remains, west European fire-making tools are widely unknown. Specific traditions, however, yield quite often chert strike-a-light tools, and allow a glimpse into a very long technical history: these include the Mousterian of Acheulian Tradition in southwestern France and the Late Glacial in northern Europe. This study presents two specimens of chert strike-a-lights with use-wear and residues from Le Colombier II rock shelter (Ardèche, southern France) dated to the Upper Magdalenian period. This multi-proxy analysis combined traceological, petro-archaeological, and chemicophysical analysis (Raman spectroscopy and SEM-EDS). Results show that the residues correspond to a sulphuric iron such as pyrite (FeS2) altered to hematite (Fe2O3), with partial loss of the sulphur component due to alteration processes like pseudomorphosis or perimorphosis. The causes of residue alteration can include water circulation, pH, and biological activity. While the Late Glacial archaeological record suggested that southern France was nearly devoid of chert strike-a-lights, the specimens from Le Colombier II prove otherwise. Extended comparisons allow us to question the scarcity of Paleolithic strike-a-lights in Europe and the reality of a pyrotechnical shift during the Late Glacial period. This study contributes to reconstructing the long and non-linear history of fire-making toolkits, which are essential in cold environments but for which evidence is so rare for the Ice Ages
A new face for the Gravettian. Exceptionnal discovery of a female statuette at Amiens-Renancourt 1 (France)
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La maison du lieutenant de justice de l'abbaye de Clairvaux (Ville-sous-la-Ferté, Aube) aux temps modernes
No full textInternational audienceThe archaeological excavation carried out in 2014 over an area of 1,000 m! in the farmyard of the abbey of Clairvaux (Ville-sous-la-Ferté township, Aube) uncovered the remains of a building no older than the early 17th century. The house, as it appears in plan view, seems to have been built in several stages, with an initial construction phase (17th century) corresponding to the erection of a large wall belonging to a different structure, against which the rest of the accommodations were built. It was during phase 3 (17th–18th centuries) that it became necessary to define the successive stages. No evidence has been found to suggest the existence of craft activities, nor to determine the social status of the various occupants, not least because of the lack of a rubbish dump. The house was demolished before 1809 to allow for the construction of a courtyard and stables linked to the conversion of the abbey and itsbuildings into a prison.L’opération archéologique menée sur une surface de 1 000 m! dans la basse-cour de l’abbaye de Clairvaux (cne de Ville-sous-la-Ferté, Aube) en 2014 a mis au jour les vestiges d’un bâtiment dont la création n’est pas antérieure au début du XVIIe siècle. La"maison telle qu’il nous apparaît en plan semble être édifiée en plusieurs temps avec une première phase de construction (XVIIe siècle) correspondant à l’érection d’un grand mur appartenant à un ouvrage situé hors emprise contre lequel s’appuie le reste des aménagements. C’est au sein de la phase 3 (XVIIe- XVIIIe siècles) qu’il a été nécessaire de définir les états successifs. Aucun élément n’a permis de mettre en évidence l’existence d’activités artisanales, ni même de déterminer le statut social des différents occupants, notamment en l’absence de structure dépotoir. La maison est rasée avant 1809 pour laisser place à une cour et des écuries liées à la transformation de l’abbaye et de ses bâtiments en prison
La production des clous en fer du chaland Lyon Saint-Georges 4 (LSG4) au IIe s. (Rhône) : questions de qualité et d’approvisionnement à l’époque romaine
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Etude du mobilier céramique antique, in Manon Marsy (dir.) Musoleo-Allée des Palmiers, Penta-di-Casinca, Haute-Corse, Corse, Rapport de fouille
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Le projet ThéOREM Thésaurisation, Offrande, Recyclage et Échange de Métaux à l'âge du Bronze en Languedoc : étude de dépôts inédits
No full textInternational audienceThe nature and interpretation of metal object deposits remain central questions in Bronze Age research. The ThéOREM project,the objectives of which are presented in this article, is based on a multidisciplinary study of five mostly unpublished deposits of copper-alloyobjects from central and eastern Languedoc. The aim is both to provide a monographic analysis of each ensemble and to contribute to ageneral understanding of the phenomenon. The project will focus not only on determining deposition practices, but also on characterizing thestylistic and technical aspects of metal production, the raw materials used and the semi-finished products in circulation. In particular, the use ofcopper mineralization from the southeastern margins of the Massif Central during the Bronze Age will be investigated. The actual exchange ofingots, manufactured products and models from other geographical areas is also examined in order to understand the social and commercialnetworks that developed during the Bronze Age.La nature et l’interprétation des dépôts d’objets métalliques restent des questions centrales dans la recherche sur l’âge du Bronze.Le projet ThéOREM, dont les objectifs sont présentés dans cet article, s’appuie sur l’étude pluridisciplinaire de cinq dépôts d’objets en alliagecuivreux majoritairement inédits provenant du Languedoc central et oriental. Les objectifs sont à la fois de proposer une analyse monographiquede chaque ensemble et de contribuer à la compréhension générale du phénomène. Le projet s’intéresse ainsi à la détermination des pratiquesde dépôts mais aussi à la caractérisation de la production métallique, dans ses dimensions stylistiques et techniques, aux matières premièresutilisées et aux demi-produits en circulation. Il s’agit notamment de vérifier l’utilisation de minéralisations de cuivre des marges sud-est duMassif central à l’âge du Bronze. L’échange effectif de lingots, de produits manufacturés ou de modèles en provenance d’autres secteursgéographiques est également interrogé afin d’appréhender les réseaux, sociaux et commerciaux, se structurant à l’âge du Bronze
