HAL-INRAP
Not a member yet
25817 research outputs found
Sort by
Preliminary study of the anti-corrosion performance of different protection systems applied to two World War II aluminium alloy archaeological objects with different surface finishes
No full textInternational audienceThis article looks at the conservation of historic aircraft from the Second World War, testing different coatings to protect their aluminium alloy structures from corrosion. Five different protective protection systems, including ParaloidTM B72, wax, DinitrolTM , Multi Matt Clear LesonalTM and carboxylates, were evaluated by being applied to artefacts from WWII aircraft wrecks, in particular a wing fragment from a Supermarine Spitfire and a propeller blade from a P38 Lightning, which presented different surface condi- tions. The protected objects were exposed to real-life conditions (uncontrolled indoor environment). Ad- vanced analytical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier transform in- frared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the evolution and effectiveness of the protection systems. The results showed different degrees of effectiveness for different coatings. DinitrolTM and LesonalTM demonstrated the best protective properties, forming thin but effective layers that enhance corrosion resistance. Carboxylates, on the other hand, proved ineffective, while ParaloidTM B72 and wax were not very effective and unsuitable for objects with original paint residues
Adadi Maryam: a new perspective about the southernmost rock-cut church in the Ethiopian Highlands
No full textInternational audienceThis article presents a study of the rock-cut church of Adadi Maryam, located in the upper Awaš Basin (Oromia, Ethiopia). The few researchers who have taken an interest in this religious monument date it to the fourteenth/fifteenth centuries, when the Ethiopian Christian kingdom, initially established in northern Ethiopia, began its territorial conquest of the historic Šäwa region. However, new observations made on the external parts of the church have revealed several architectural inconsistencies, raising questions about the sequencing of cutting and use of the site. Comparisons with other Ethiopian rock-cut sites suggest an early phase of pre-Christian use. This study provides a new perspective on the question of the settlement of the upper Awaš basin during the medieval period (from the seventh/eighth to sixteenth centuries) and offers a discussion of local rock-cut practices reuse for diverse purposes, in this case by Christian communities.Cet article propose une étude de l’église rupestre d’Adadi Maryam, localisée dans le bassin supérieur de l’Awaš (Oromia, Éthiopie). Les quelques chercheurs qui se sont intéressés à ce monument religieux le datent des XIVème au XVème siècles, période à laquelle le royaume chrétien éthiopien, initialement établi dans le nord de l’Éthiopie, débute une conquête territoriale de la région historique du Šäwa. De nouvelles observations réalisées sur les parties externes de l’église permettent, toutefois, de signaler plusieurs incohérences architecturales, questionnant un séquençage de creusement et d’usage du site. Par le biais de comparaisons avec d’autres sites rupestres éthiopiens, il est possible d’envisager une première phase d’utilisation préchrétienne. Cette étude apporte une nouvelle perspective sur la question du peuplement du bassin supérieur de l’Awaš au cours de l’époque médiévale (entre les VIIème/VIIIème et XVIème siècles de notre ère) et propose une discussion autour de pratiques rupestres locales remployées pour de nouveaux usages, ici chrétiens
Courbevoie (Hauts-de-Seine), 16 rue du Moulin des Bruyères : rapport de diagnostic
No full textLa construction d'un immeuble de logements pour étudiants sur une partie du lieu-dit "Les Moulins" de la commune de Courbevoie n'a pas permis de mettre en évidence des indices en relation avec les activités de meunerie, ni même d'autres indices d'occupation à l'exception des vestiges datés du XXe siècle (fosse dépotoir)
Author Correction: Late Paleolithic whale bone tools reveal human and whale ecology in the Bay of Biscay
No full textCorrection to: Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59486-8, published online 27 May 2025International audienceIn the version of the article initially published, due to a version error, the image shown in Fig. 2 did not include an inset map shown in the “16-14.5 ka cal BP” panel indicating region 22, as is now updated in the HTML and PDF versions of the article
Ultrasonic characterization of archeological ceramic samples: A preliminary study
No full textInternational audienceThis study explores the use of ultrasonic techniques to analyzeand differentiate archeological ceramic shards based on theirultrasonic properties, porosity, and microstructure. The measurementsinclude sound velocity, attenuation, and the slopeof attenuation with frequency (BUA). Surface and subsurface Cscanimages obtained with a 15 MHz focused transducer revealpores and inclusions. The average pore size ranges from 200 μmto around 700 μm, reflecting differences in manufacturingmethods. Ultrasonic velocity shows a decrease with increasingporosity. The ancient samples exhibit lower velocities and porosities,while more recent (i.e. medieval) samples show highervelocities despite higher porosities. Attenuation also correlateswith porosity, with ancient shards displaying lower attenuationvalues compared to other groups. Significant differences inacoustic properties allow some classifications of the samplesbased on their period of fabrication and manufacturing technique.These promising results justify further studies, includingmeasurements on a larger number of samples and investigationof other ultrasonic methods, namely analysis of backscatteringsignals and V(z) quantitative ultrasonic imaging technique
MESOLITHIC HUNTING SEASONS Reading Between the Cracks of Taphonomy
No full textInternational audienceCharacterization of the seasons of death of the hunted prey is necessary if we are to address Mesolithic subsistence strategies, seasonal complementarity of resources, species acquisition strategies and mobility systems. Seasonal information based on the eruption dates and degree of occlusal wear surfaces of the teeth, a classic method in archaeozoology, is fairly accurate for the youngest individuals of animal species with a single, short birth time in the year. On the other hand, for adult individuals or extinct species and those characterized by a spread of births over the year and the possibility of two annual litters, this method is not efficient. It therefore seems appropriate to approach the question of hunting seasonality through the prism of cementochronology. Cementum analysis involves the study of seasonal records of dental cementum formed on roots. This method is now considered effective by the scientific community for identifying the season of death of the animal, for both present-day and fossil samples. However, in an archaeological context, dental remains undergo taphonomic alterations. These alterations can have a greater or lesser impact on the conservation of dental cementum, due to its considerable fragility and structural permeability. They can also have a partial or total impact on the legibility of the increments and, consequently, alter the reliability of the observations or even prevent any identification of the season of death.Based on dental series from three Mesolithic sites in south-west France, the aim of this presentation is to discuss the micro-taphonomy of dental cementum. Our results, in line with those of previous studies, underline the importance of conducting a more in-depth analysis in order to: 1) provide information on the taphonomic history of the tooth; 2) increase the reliability of the results for identifying the season of death; 3) question the relevance of applying cementum analyses in certain archaeological contexts; 4) question the complementarity of methods for discussing the seasons of death of hunted animals
Universal Prime Editing Therapeutic Strategy for RyR1-Related Myopathies: A Protective Mutation Rescues Leaky RyR1 Channel
No full textInternational audienceRyR1-related myopathies (RyR1-RMs) include a wide range of genetic disorders that result from mutations in the RYR1 gene. Pathogenic variants lead to defective intracellular calcium homeostasis and muscle dysfunction. Fixing intracellular calcium leaks by stabilizing the RyR1 calcium channel has been identified as a promising therapeutic target. Gene therapy via prime editing also holds great promise as it can cure diseases by correcting genetic mutations. However, as more than 700 variants have been identified in the RYR1 gene, a universal treatment would be a more suitable solution for patients. Our investigation into the RyR1-S2843A mutation has yielded promising results. Using a calcium leak assay, we determined that the S2843A mutation was protective when combined with pathogenic mutations and significantly reduced the Ca2+ leak of the RyR1 channel. Our study demonstrated that prime editing can efficiently introduce the protective S2843A mutation. In vitro experiments using the RNA electroporation of the prime editing components in human myoblasts achieved a 31% introduction of this mutation. This article lays the foundation for a new therapeutic approach for RyR1-RM, where a unique once-in-a-lifetime prime editing treatment could potentially be universally applied to all patients with a leaky RyR1 channel
Handicraft activities in the small town of Fanum Martis (Famars, noter France) : analysing and interpreting spatial organisation and production size
No full textInternational audienceRecent excavations (2011 to 2020) in the western part of the Roman small town of Fanum Martis, have enabled an overall understanding of its urban lay-out. The town develops economically from the second half of the 1st century onwards, when the nearby civitas capital Bavay decentralizes its handicraft activities, only keeping its administrative role. The small town expands to 200 hectares, with a large range of handicraft and agricultural activities mixed within the urban organization, not restricting them to a particular area. This includes alongside pottery activities, a tannery, bronze and glass production, glue manufacturing and treatment of cereals. These activities, sometimes lacking clear architectural features, have been proved by extensive sampling of artefacts and raw materials, using petrography, carpology, archaeozoology or micromorphological studies to sustain hypotheses. Differences in production size can be noted for pottery manufacturing, using two types of organization: simple workshops with a repertoire of cooking-wares meant to be sold within the town and the pagus and worksites where a range of kilns and buildings suggest an extensive activity for a large distribution of mortaria and flagons to the north of Gallia Belgica. This production probably cannot be seen apart from the nearby agricultural activities, flagons being exported for their contents.The article wishes to illustrate this rich variety of handicrafts, their architectural features but also their lay-out within the urban plan and the analysis of their production size, using the first results of distribution data. Finally, analysis of artefacts themselves lead to a list of probable professions mixing within the same living space (goldsmiths, doctors, horners, …). Thus, a complex image is yielded of a flourishing town where living and producing go hand in hand
The Eemian tufa of Resson (La Saulsotte): The climate and environment of the Eemian period (130,000–115,000 years ago, MIS 5e) at Resson
No full textInternational audienceSedimentary archives from the Eemian interglacial period are rare in north-western Europe. The aim of the climate and palaeoenvironment reconstruction at Resson is to address the lack of knowledge about this period and to provide context for the archaeological levels unearthed on the site.An approach combining isotope geochemistry and malacology, which has already proven effective on other Pleistocene calcareous tufa sequences (i.e. La Celle, Caours), is used here to reconstruct the paleoenvironments and paleoclimates.The results obtained at Resson confirm:•a unique record of the initial phase of the Eemian, dilated on almost 7 m, by the gradual appearance of forest species (Figs. 1 and 2).•the identification of a maximum in forest development contemporaneous with the climatic optimum at the top of the sequence (Fig. 2). •the chronological attribution of the site to the Eemian, indicated by the presence of Daudebardia rufa outside its current range (Fig. 3)
