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SPORTO GINČUS NAGRINĖJANTYS NACIONALINIAI IR TARPTAUTINIAI ORGANAI
Get PDFThe article analyses possibilities of professional sports’ subjects to resolve their disputes by using various dispute resolution bodies. The article analyses drawbacks of courts of general competence, as well as it provides for possibilities to resolve sport disputes using the method of alternative dispute resolution and arbitration.Moksliniame straipsnyje analizuojamos profesionalinių sporto teisinių santykių subjektų galimybės spręsti tarpusavio ginčus įvairiais ginčų sprendimo būdais
DVIŠALIŲ SUTARČIŲ DĖL TEISINĖS PAGALBOS TAIKYMAS EUROPOS NOTARINĖJE PRAKTIKOJE: LIETUVOS IR LENKIJOS TEISINĖS PAGALBOS SUTARTIES PAVYZDŽIU
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SOCIALINIS KONFLIKTAS IR TEISINĖ PRAKTIKA LIETUVOJE
Get PDFLaw, as a social phenomenon reflects and includes in it’s content (identifies) the peculiarities of social phenomena, it’s content and emerging problems. Hence, system judicial problematic issues should not be left only for their analysis only to sociologists and politicians, as if law could function isolated from the conditions of social peculiarities. It is the aim of this article to show the link among problematic issues in law (the increasing number of law suits, mistrust of courts) and social peculiarities (certain developed judicial social traditions, the adaptivity of social circles aiming to retain and occupy certain positions). The object of the research of this article is the relation between social conflict and judicial practice in Lithuania, i.e. how one factor may be the reason and the consequence of the other. Both, judicial and social conflicts in the article are used in their broadest sense (conflict as a relation among state institutions, the relation of mistrust, judicial practice as a law making, court practice etc.).The peak of quarrel (conflict) both in a social and judicial sense apparently is reached when subjects apply to the court. Modern law, which is characterized by the amount of procedural forms, reflects this “critical” moment of the quarrel and further development of it in the shape of the magnitude of judicial norms. In fact, the advancement of the state is often judged by the development and quantity of procedural forms. In this sense nobody could call Lithuanian law and judicial system as retarded. All in all there are 63 courts in Lithuania. This figure reaches 63, (Constitutional court of Lithuania including) for the population of 2 943 472 inhabitants. The number of population decreased by 12,6 percent (440,6 thousands) during the decade (from 2001 years till the beginning of the year 2012). But the court system did not diminish. The law suits increased. Courts increasingly complain of ever increasing number of law suits and the amount of work. So, the situation is that a person commands a variety of means to defend his rights in a sense of procedural/institutional forms. On the other hand, it’s the situation when nobody is satisfied, and it seems there is no end in making the system of dispute resolution more perfect, and the entire dissatisfaction with the system (including the criticism of courts) is increasingly addressed to courts or prietrial institutions. From the sociological point of view the before mentioned situation may be compared to the fashion of conflicts which precludes animosity to any social group, phenomenon, situation. In a sense it has become a tradition. Thus the improvement of procedural forms in law, organizational judicial means, do not solve the problem. On the other hand, in as social sense a certain animosity among positions as maintenance of traditions or balance may become in a certain sense useful for the justification of the existence of any side in the conflict: one side criticizes the other works, undergoes the criticism of society, which encourages another criticism. When analyzing the above mentioned situation of position convenience, interesting situation emerges regarding real judicial and court practice. It’s not likely judging from these quarters that the number of law suits is diminishing. On the contrary, what concerns peace treaties in courts, mediation and other court practice signifies something else. Thus, it seems that the situation has developed when one part can comfortably criticize and the other can adjustingly react to criticism, thus making a “balance” and “tradition” jointly maintaining permanent traits, necessary for adjustment. Such social beliefs and traditions hardly change, although whole generations pay for it with the quality of life. The forecast could be that the situation will change naturally, i.e. the rate of it’s increase may be such, that it becomes unbearable even to those, to whom it is comfortable at present. There are such signs. They can be observed in the implementation of organizational means, in the change of court laws with the aim of reducing the number of law suits, in making the process more quick and simple. External factors may change the situation, e.g. the control of institutions by the European Union. Certain personalities may change it on condition that they are independent from state institutions occupying adjustive “positions”. The input of law scientists in this sense could be a fine example of cooperation of state and society.Straipsnyje analizuojama socialinio konflikto plačiuoju požiūriu – valstybės valdžios institucijų tarpusavio santykio, visuomenės santykio (nepasitikėjimo) teismu, konflikto „populiarumo“, t. y. bylų gausos teismuose, tema. Straipsnyje parodomas teisinės praktikos plačiuoju požiūriu (įstatymų leidybos, teismų praktikos, socialinės ir teisinės tradicijos) ir socialinio konflikto ryšys, atskleidžiama pirmosios įtaka antrajam
1918 M. VASARIO 16-OSIOS AKTO KONSTITUCINĖ SAMPRATA
Get PDFFebruary 16, 1918 Lithuanian independence act has received too little attention from Lithuanian legal science so far, but hopefully this situation might be improved appoaching centenary anniversary of this document. It might be said that this Indpendence act might be considered as certain Lithuanian archetype act laying foundations for all contemporary Lithuanian legal and constitutional system. Nevertheless, this act rarely was analyzed in the context of Lithuanian constitutional traditions, therefore, the author of this article tries to fill up this gap, analysing it not only as constitutional, but even as certain supra-constitutional act. Analysing the content of the 1918 Indpendence act from constitutional point of view, might help us to find three constitutional provisions (clauses) in it as follows: constituent independence clause, international law clause and democracy clause. Therefore, all these three constitutional values let us consider the Act as part of the Lithuanian constitutional traditions. The article also shows certain historic hermeneutics of the 1918 Independence act, starting with so called Vilnius Conference decisions (1917) and finally ending with independence and republican resolution of Lithuanian Constituent Assembly (Steigiamasis Seimas) of May 15, 1920. The article finally ends with certain conclusions reflecting the very content of this analysis.Straipsnio naujumas ir originalumas tas, kad jame pateikiama nauja teisinė (konstitucinė) 1918 m. Vasario 16-osios Nepriklausomybės akto analizė, siekiant taip dekonstruoti šio akto nuostatas, kad būtų galima išskirti esminius konstitucinius jo principus. Autorius straipsnyje skiria tris šio akto nuostatas (klauzules): steigiamąją, tarptautinės teisės ir demokratijos bei atskleidžia šių nuostatų (klauzulių) turinį. Straipsnyje taip pat pažymimas šio akto tam tikras virš(supra)konstitucinis pobūdis bei atskleidžiamas 1918 m. Vasario 16-osios Akto nuostatų istorinis santykis su 1917 m. Vilniaus konferencijos nutarimais bei su jo tam tikra priklausomybe nuo Steigiamojo Seimo 1920 m. gegužės 15 d. rezoliucijos, kuri galutinai legitimavo ir įgyvendino Nepriklausomybės akto nuostatas
PROFESINIAI PENSIJŲ FONDAI: TEISINIS REGULIAVIMAS IR PROBLEMOS
Get PDFThis article analyses highlights of the occupational pension fund regulatory provisions at the European Union institutional level and in Lithuania, the organisation of the occupational pension schemes and problems. Also this article examines the relationship between the current pay-as-you-go system and the second pillar pension funds, assessing occupational pensions funds development opportunities for Lithuania. The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of funded pension system, evaluating occupational pensions funds system in Lithuania in line with the principle of solidarity. The author points out, that prior to the reform of the social security system and the introduction of incentives for the creation of occupational pension funds, it is necessary not only to review the legal regulation (introducing incentives for active participation in pension funds, creating alternative pension schemes, creation of the economic crisis stabilization mechanisms), but also the identification of occupational pensions funds organizational problems.Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamos profesinių pensijų fondų teisinio reguliavimo nuostatos Europos Sąjungos instituciniu lygmeniu ir Lietuvoje, profesinių pensijų fondų veiklos schemos ir problematika. Atskleidžiami esminiai Lietuvos profesinių pensijų sistemos trūkumai ir pateikiami galimi šių trūkumų šalinimo pasiūlymai. Straipsnio tikslas – pateikti profesinių pensijų fondų instituto analizę ir atskleisti probleminius šio instituto taikymo aspektus. Straipsnis skiriamas finansų rinkos dalyviams, teisininkams ir šia sritimi besidomintiems mokslininkams
PIKTNAUDŽIAVIMO RINKA GENEZĖ PREKYBOS VERTYBINIAIS POPIERIAIS KONTEKSTE
Get PDFArticle begins with an analysis of market abuse definition. Two main forms of market abuse: insider trading and market manipulation, are being discussed. Subsequently the article analysis historical development of market abuse in different world’s financial markets. The most prominent examples of insider trading and market abuse, that occurred worldwide on financial markets of some European countries, USA, Canada and Japan, are being presented.Straipsnyje nagrinėjama piktnaudžiavimo rinka, t. y. manipuliavimo rinka ir pasinaudojimo viešai neatskleista informacija, istorija prekybos vertybiniais popieriais kontekste. Pateikiami ryškiausi piktnaudžiavimo rinka atvejai, nustatyti skirtingose pasaulio finansų rinkose
SKUBOS ARBITRO INSTITUTAS
Get PDFThe article analyses the function of an emergency arbitrator to impose interim measures of protection in arbitration. Before the establishment of this institute, a party, aiming to impose interim measures of protection since court of arbitration has not been formed, had an opportunity to apply to competent national court. The established insitute of emergency arbitrator offered an opportunity to apply for interim relief to arbitration institution together with the claim or before filling the claim. It resulted in an autonomous process with the merits of arbitration, such as confidentiality and economy. Although there was a meaningful step towards trully independent arbitral procedure, some disputable questions are still left. Firstly, it is not clear how should decisions on damages, information of the other party, etc. be made when considering interim relief in an emergency case. Secondly, the question of variety of measures that can be imposed by emergency arbitrator remains as well as the enforcement of each such measure. What is more, the proper procedure for the appointment of emergency arbitrator during a very short period of time is a demanding challenge for arbitration institution. Due to the abovementioned aspects, national court still sometimes is a more desirable alternative for emergency relief. However, the institute of emergency arbitrator indicates the positive movement in the field of civil procedure law and is open for further developments. Legislation in Lithuania allows to address the request for interim measures both to emergency arbitrator and national court as long as it does not become abuse of procedural rights.Straipsnyje nagrinėjama skubos arbitro instituto reikšmė ir paskirtis, skubos arbitro funkcija ir kompetencijos ribos taikant laikinąsias apsaugos priemones arbitraže1. Iki skubos arbitro atsiradimo ginčo šalis, siekianti, kad būtų pritaikytos laikinosios apsaugos priemonės, kol nėra suformuotas arbitražo teismas, turėjo galimybę kreiptis į kompetentingą valstybinį teismą. Įsteigtas skubos tvarka skiriamo arbitro institutas sudarė sąlygas teikti prašymą arbitražo institucijai dėl laikinųjų apsaugos priemonių taikymo kartu su ieškiniu arba dar iki ieškinio pateikimo. Skubos arbitro reikšmė arbitražui – savarankiško proceso skatinimas ir visų procedūrinių klausimų koncentravimas arbitraže. Straipsnio tikslas – išanalizuoti skubos arbitro vaidmenį skiriant laikinąsias apsaugos priemones arbitražo procese ir pateikti šios funkcijos įgyvendinimo tobulinimo rekomendacijas
EUROPOS SĄJUNGOS FINANSINIŲ SANDORIŲ MOKESČIO APSAUGA NUO MOKESČIŲ VENGIMO
Get PDFIn this Article is analyzed financial transaction tax projects proposed by the European Commission in 2011 and 2013. The article focuses on the proposed regulation of the object and the jurisdiction of the financial transaction tax. The proposed regulation of the financial transaction tax is analyzed concerning possible threats of the new taxation related with tax avoidance. In this article the analysis of the proposed regulation was done reviewing the main arguments of the opponents of the financial transaction tax. The analysis of the proposed financial transaction tax projects leads to conclusion that the chosen regulation of the object of the financial transaction tax when the tax object is defined through two separate elements (financial transaction and financial security) is effective and comprehensive – the new regulation is safe enough against possible cases of tax avoidance. Also the analysis of the proposed financial transaction tax projects leads to conclusion that the proposed regulation of the financial transaction tax jurisdiction is based on the two separate principles (counterparty principle and issuance principle). This new and innovative legal construction fully prevents possible tax avoidance issues related with changing the jurisdiction of the taxable financial activities.Straipsnyje analizuojami 2011 m. ir 2013 m. Europos Sąjungos Komisijos pateikti finansinių sandorių mokesčio direktyvų projektai, daugiausia dėmesio skiriama siūlomų mokesčių objekto ir mokesčio taikymo jurisdikcijos reglamentavimo analizei apsaugos nuo mokesčių vengimo aspektu. Straipsnyje pateikta teisinė analizė atliekama apžvelgiant pagrindinius finansinių sandorių mokesčiui oponuojančių mokslininkų argumentus, susijusius su finansinių sandorių mokesčio reglamentavimo specifika ir potencialiomis problemomis
PAGALBINIO APVAISINIMO TEISINIO REGLAMENTAVIMO ĮSTATYMU LIETUVOJE BŪTINUMAS
Get PDFThe article focuses on the analysis of the problematics and the need to legally regulate technology of medically assisted procreation. In most European countries medically assited procreation is regulated by laws, some countries MAP’s procedure include in the list of services of compulsorary health insurance. Lithuania doesn’t have a law regulating assisted procreation. The greatest discussion arises when the laws of assisted procreation are enacted and applied on ways and methods which are going to be applied and their compatibility with ethics, moral principles and public interest. The article also focuses on projects of laws, which were submitted to the parliament of the Republic of Lithuania.Straipsnyje aptariams pagalbinio apvaisinimo teisinio reglamentavimo poreikis ir problematika. Taip pat analizuojami ir Seimui pateikti pagalbinio apvaisinimo įstatymų projektai
TRADICINIO INFORMUOTO ASMENS SUTIKIMO PRITAIKYMO MOKSLINIAMS BIOBANKAMS LIETUVOJE GALIMYBĖS
Get PDFŠiame straipsnyje siekiama įvertinti medicinos praktikoje išvystyto informuoto asmens sutikimo pritaikymo problematiką mokslinių biobankų veikloje, tai yra, paimant, tvarkant ir atliekant tyrimus su iš žmogaus gauta biologine medžiaga (organais ar jų dalimis, audiniais, ląstelėmis ar jų komponentais), su šia medžiaga susijusia medicinine ar kita asmenį identifikuojančia informacija. Straipsnyje analizuojama, ar nežinant mokslinio tyrimo tikslo, jo trukmės ir galimų padarinių, bei galimo kito, nei buvo išreikštas sutikimas, panaudojimo tikslo asmuo gali būti laikomas tinkamai sutikęs dalyvauti biobanko tyrimuose. Šis klausimas yra ypač problemiškas analizuojant aktyviąją teisės žinoti apie savo sveikatą pusę, t. y. kai asmuo renkasi aktyvų domėjimąsi savo sveikata, nori gauti informacijos. Kartu sprendžiama, ar asmuo turi teisę autonomiškai prisiimti riziką gaudamas ribotą informaciją iš biobankų (tyrėjų), ir jeigu taip, tai kokiais teisiniais būdais būtų galima šių teisinių rizikų išvengti arba jas sumažinti.
This article aims to assess the problematic of the applicablity of the informed consent, which was developed in the clinical practice, for the practice of the research biobanks, that is, taking, managing and conducting research with human biological material (organs or its parts, tissues, cells or their components), linked medical data or other informacion, which identifies the person. This article examines whether the lack of knowledge about the research objectives, duration of the research projects and possible consequences, as well as possible other, than expressed by the consent, purpose of use of such material, allows us to deem that the person has duly agreed to participate in biobank research. This question is specifically problematical, when analyzing the actine side of the rigzt to know about self health, i.e., when the person chooses the active interest in his health, wants to get the information. It is also being analyzed whether the person has the right to autonomously take the risk of receiving limited information from biobanks, and, if so, what legal safeguards would allow to avoid these legal risks or reduce them