Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika
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Comparison of Stress Coping Strategies of Socially Vulnerable Young People in Lithuania and Latvia
Full text linkThe article addresses the issue of stress coping of socially vulnerable young people. Coping methods and strategies are analysed regarding the socio-cultural context. A quantitative study was conducted to reveal the coping methods and strategies of socially vulnerable young people aged 18–29 from Northern Lithuania and Southern Latvia. Vulnerable young people in the two Baltic States use different coping strategies and sets of coping strategies which may be related with socio-cultural reasons, different content of the social service package, availability and content of psychological and social support
The Welfare State: The Challenges of Sustainability
Full text linkIt is nothing new that ‘the welfare state’ faces serious challenges. Ever since the 1970s, Western welfare states have by many researchers been regarded as being in crisis, but despite many policy adjustments and important variations among Western welfare states, the overall scope of the welfare state, as measured by social expenditure per capita, has by and large increased. At the same time, we can observe a globalization of social policy and the emergence of a more active social role of the state in many parts of the world during recent decades.
But new challenges due to a variety of new security issues and new dimensions of uncertainty have appeared, not least following the unanticipated Russian large-scale invasion of and war on Ukraine and concomitant international political developments. Political unease about the future of the welfare state and scope of social policies in different parts of the world has escalated. Welfare political priorities must compete with increased priorities for defense, cyber security, and issues related to energy, climate, food, and the environment.
Motivations for state responsibility for citizen welfare and well-being – as well as for the type and scope of responsibility - vary. The fate of the welfare state and social policies is clearly a question of political and normative commitment to what kind of socially active state is desired. The paper addresses the following topics: Why should a state be socially active? What were historical reasons for developing welfare states? What are current motivations for developing and maintaining welfare states? What are the economic, political, and moral dimensions of welfare state sustainability? In addition to possible national political responses to social challenges, it is argued that in a globalized world reinforced international cooperation, coordination and regulation may be necessary to achieve sustainability of (national) welfare states
Migrantų iš Ukrainos ir Baltarusijos socialinė integracija Lietuvoje
Full text linkThe phenomena of migration in today’s society is not surprising, but how often do we think about immigrants and their interactions with the local population, within themes of language, culture, social life, employment and general integration. International organizations say that although basic rights and protection of immigrants is ensured in Lithuania, immigrants in our country still do not have the opportunity to participate in public life as well as they should. The aim of this article is to refresh our knowledge of migrants\u27 own experiences with regards to social integration and their own subjective welfare, by specifically examining the two largest groups of immigrants, Ukrainians and Belarusians. For the purpose of the study, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted, of which 10 were with Ukrainians and 10 with Belarusians. The study revealed that language is an important factor in the formation of a new identity and social integration. It was also noted that immigrants from Ukraine and Belarus have varying degrees of success entering the local labor market and they usually have to work in lower-skilled jobs. It is also worth mentioning that immigrants support their immigration efforts by way of similar culture and adaptation in their national communities, churches or social networks. Lastly, immigrants from Ukraine and Belarus are satisfied with life in Lithuania and notice positive differences compared to their country of origin, such as transparency and order in the country, a well-functioning banking and public transport system. They also note that the mentality of local Lithuanians and their own is similar, which is a development that has happened due to a shared Soviet experience and proficiency in the Russian language.Migracija mūsų visuomenėje nieko nestebina, bet ar susimąstome apie imigrantus ir jų sąveiką su vietiniais piliečiais, kalbos, kultūros, socialinio gyvenimo ir užimtumo aspektais. Tarptautinės organizacijos kalba, jog Lietuvoje yra užtikrinamos pagrindinės imigrantų teisės ir apsaugos, tačiau atvykėliai vis dar neturi lygių galimybių dalyvauti visuomeniniame gyvenime. Šiuo straipsniu siekiama papildyti mūsų žinias apie imigrantų patirtis integracijos ir gerovės klausimais, tiriant ukrainiečių ir baltarusių imigrantus. Buvo atskleista, jog kalba yra svarbus identiteto formavimo bei socialinės integracijos veiksnys. Pastebėta, jog imigrantai iš Ukrainos ir Baltarusijos paprastai turi dirbti žemesnės kvalifikacijos darbus. Bendrai imigrantai yra patenkinti gyvenimu Lietuvoje ir pastebi pozityvius skirtumus lygindami su savo kilmės šalimi
„Nekreipkite dėmesio į veidmainystę“: komentaras apie skirtingą požiūrį į pabėgėlių priėmimą
Full text linkThe current conflict in Ukraine has forcibly displaced a large number of people and has put migration issues at the center of attention once again. A small, but growing, body of literature has revealed that Ukrainian refugees are being treated differently vis-à-vis other refugee groups – this is a clear concern for the social work profession, which is supposed to safeguard all minorities’ rights equally. In this commentary, I briefly review and focus on one aspect of why Ukrainian refugees are seemingly being treated ‘better’ – culture. Cultural proximity has been argued to be a major factor in how the Western response to the current conflict has been shaped, where Ukrainians, but not other refugee groups, are conceived of as culturally compatible with Western countries. The commentary conceptualizes this treatment within the framework of ‘promising victimhood’ and suggests that further research should focus on how victimhood is constructed within the social work profession in relation to the current crisis.Rusijos karas Ukrainoje, privertę daugybę žmonių palikti savo namus, nulėmė, kad migracijos klausimai vėl atsidūrė mokslininkų ir visuomenės dėmesio centre. Šia tema atliekama vis daugiau tyrimų, ir nors kol kas jų nėra itin daug, galima pastebėti, kad su ukrainiečių pabėgėliais elgiamasi kitaip nei su kitomis pabėgėlių grupėmis, ir ši tendencija lemia didelį socialinio darbo profesijos, siekiančios vienodai ginti visų mažumų teises, susirūpinimą. Komentare trumpai bus panagrinėtas vienas iš aspektų, nulėmusių, kad su ukrainiečiais, regis, yra elgiamasi „geriau“: kultūra. Teigiama, kad kultūrinis artumas (angl. cultural proximity) yra pagrindinis veiksnys, lemiantis Vakarų atsaką į dabartinį konfliktą, nes ukrainiečiai, kitaip nei kai kurios kitos pabėgėlių grupės, suvokiami kaip kultūriškai panašūs į Vakarų šalis. Komentare toks elgesys konceptualizuojamas remiantis „perspektyvios viktimizacijos“ (angl. promising victimhood) koncepcija ir tolesniuose tyrimuose siūloma tirti, kaip dabartinės krizės kontekste socialinio darbo profesijoje konstruojama viktimizacija
„Niekada negalvojau, kad čia gyvensiu“: vyresnio amžiaus asmenų persikėlimo į globos įstaigą kontekstas
Full text linkNursing home relocation is considered one of the most significant and stressful events in older age. Research shows that a variety of factors influence the decision to move to a nursing home and that the circumstances of the move have an impact on the post-move adaptation process and the quality of life in the nursing home. This paper aimed to reveal the context of the nursing home relocation of older people. Research data was gathered through life story interviews with 18 nursing home residents. Life story interviews were supplemented with semi-structured interview questions.
The research revealed that the decision to move and the subjective experience of nursing home relocation is shaped not only by micro-environmental factors of an older person, such as health status or certain personality traits, but also by the conditions of the broader socio-economic, political and historical context. The interaction of these factors, which can be conditionally distinguished at the individual, family (community) and societal levels, creates a unique context in which older people decide to move to a nursing home.
On an individual level, such factors as a person’s health, values and beliefs, personality traits, circumstances of the nursing home relocation and knowledge of possible alternatives to residential care affect the relocation decision-making. On the family or community level, the influence of family members, recommendations from social workers, doctors and acquaintances, community social support networks and access to social services play an important role. And lastly, on the societal level such factors as cultural norms and values (i.e. societal attitudes towards residential care and attitudes towards parental care), organisation of the social services system and history of the country (Soviet era) affect the nursing home relocation decision-making.Straipsnyje atskleidžiamas persikėlimo į globos įstaigą vyresniame amžiuje kontekstas. Interviu su 18 vyresnio amžiaus globos įstaigos gyventojų atskleidė, kad sprendimą persikelti ir persikėlimo subjektyvų patyrimą lemia ne tik tokie asmens mikroaplinkos veiksniai kaip sveikatos būklė ar asmenybės ypatumai, bet ir platesnio socialinio, ekonominio, politinio ir istorinio konteksto sąlygos, tokios kaip socialinių paslaugų prieinamumas bendruomenėje ar kultūrinės nuostatos dėl vyresnio amžiaus asmenų globos. Straipsnyje detaliau aptariama unikalų kontekstą, kuriame vyresnio amžiaus asmenys priima sprendimą persikelti į globos įstaigą, kurianti sąveika tarp individualiu, šeimos / bendruomenės ir visuomenės lygmeniu pasireiškiančių veiksnių
The Challenging Role of Informal Carers Within the Long-Term Care System in Japan: Focusing on Issues of Japanese Working Carers
Full text linkDespite the increasing demand for long-term care (LTC) caused by demographic changes and several long-term care insurance (LTCI) program reforms, formal care in Japan is shrinking because of public financial constraints, leading to many problems for informal carers. Because more than half of the informal carers are employed in paying jobs, balancing working and caregiving roles is an important issue in the political agenda. Based on an online survey data of working carers of care recipients eligible for the LTCI program (N=600), this study aims to examine informal carers’ challenging role within the Japanese LTC system, and analyze the work-life balance issues of working carers. The results reveal that most of the respondents are their parents’ carers and more than half co-reside with the care-recipients. With the community promoting comprehensive care, many frail older adults now use a combination of formal and informal care services. Additionally, over three hours of informal caregiving per day, age, marital status, co-residence with the care recipient, self-rated health, and insufficient understanding of the caregiving role in the workplace are significantly related to the psychological well-being of informal carers. Furthermore, most of the aforementioned factors are also associated with turnover intention due to caregiving responsibilities. Informal care is a crucial component of the Japanese LTC system and to alleviate informal working carers’ struggles and decrease unwanted turnover, it is necessary to consider the link between formal and informal care, together with support programs for informal carers
II kasmetinė nacionalinė socialinės politikos konferencija „Gyvenimo kelias ir jo krizės: kaip (ar) veikia Lietuvos socialinė politika?“
Full text link2022 m. spalio 14 d. Vilniaus universitete vyko II kasmetinė nacionalinė socialinės politikos konferencija „Gyvenimo kelias ir jo krizės: kaip (ar) veikia Lietuvos socialinė politika?“Universiteto g. 3, Vilniushttps://youtu.be/oBGfbjJijPY2022 m. spalio 14 d. Vilniaus universitete vyko II kasmetinė nacionalinė socialinės politikos konferencija „Gyvenimo kelias ir jo krizės: kaip (ar) veikia Lietuvos socialinė politika?“Universiteto g. 3, Vilniushttps://youtu.be/oBGfbjJijP
Psichinės pajamos ir jų šaltiniai socialiniame darbe
Full text linkWork is a mental and physical activity performed in order to receive a reward, which is usually understood as money. However, people work in a variety of jobs, and their job choices are not driven only by financial income. When working, we also receive psychic income – respect, gratitude, emotions, various experiences, and feelings. Psychic income is largely analyzed by economists and psychologists. In social work, as in medicine or pedagogy, psychic income is a significant part of the total income. The goal of the study is to identify sources of psychic income in social work. In order to determine the sources, a model of possible sources was constructed. The model is based on the ideas of Coleman, Bandura and Zukerman. The data for the test of the model was collected by surveying social workers. After the analysis, it can be stated that there are differences in psychic income between social workers depending on the sector they work in; statistically significant results were found in the case of social workers working in NGOs. The main sources of mental income are self-efficacy and the challenges and emotional experiences at work. Research also revealed that there are contradictions regarding the realization of power in social work as a source of psychic income, which requires additional research.Darbas dažniausiai atliekamas siekiant gauti pinigų, tačiau atlikdami darbą gauname ir psichinių pajamų – pagarbą, padėką, emocijas, įvairius išgyvenimus. Nepaisant psichinių pajamų šaltinių svarbos socialiniame darbe, jie nėra plačiai nagrinėti. Šio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti psichinių pajamų šaltinius socialiniame darbe. Remiantis Colemano, Banduros ir Zukermano idėjomis sukurtas psichinių pajamų šaltinių socialiniame darbe modelis. Modelis tikrintas remiantis empiriniais duomenimis, surinktais apklausus socialinius darbuotojus. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad socialinių darbuotojų psichinės pajamos skiriasi priklausomai nuo to, kuriame ekonominiame sektoriuje jie dirba. Pagrindiniai psichinių pajamų šaltiniai yra saviveiksmingumas, patiriami iššūkiai ir emociniai išgyvenimai darbe