Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika
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Psichikos sveikatos priežiūros deinstitucionalizacija Lietuvoje: minimalūs pokyčiai „maksimalistinėse“1 organizacijose
Get PDFSummaryThe article employs the institutional theory to examine the influence of institutional environments on the structure and function of mental health and social care organizations as well as their resistance to the reform. On the basis of statistical data collected by responsible organizations, the dynamics of mental health and social care organizations’ practice, changes in the numbers of clients and employees are analysed. These alterations allow evaluating the status quo and actual direction of the mental health care reform. The usual institutional response to deinstitutionalization is the modification of activities by introducing new services which respond to the emerging requirements. Nevertheless, these are minimal changes since they do not influence the size of an institution and the principles of its work. Innovative attitudes and organisational goals are of declarative character as they do not correspond to the poor institutional reality.Key words: institutional theory, deinstitutionalisation, mental health and social careVilniaus universitetoFilosofijos fakulteto Socialinio darbo katedraUniversiteto g. 9/1, VilniusTel. (8~5) 266 76 10El. paštas: [email protected]
Remiantis institucionalizmo teorija straipsnyje nagrinėjama institucinės aplinkos įtaka psichikos sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų struktūrai, funkcijoms ir prisitaikymui prie aplinkos, jų inertiškumas ir priešinimasis psichikos sveikatos priežiūros sistemos reformai. Remiantis atsakingų institucijų renkamais statistiniais duomenimis, įvertinama įstaigų veiklos, gyventojų, pacientų ir darbuotojų skaičiaus dinamika, leidžianti spręsti apie pokyčius socialinės globos bei psichikos sveikatos priežiūros sistemoje. Atsiliepdamos į deinstitucionalizacijos reikalavimus, organizacijos modifikuoja savo veiklą – diegia naujas paslaugas, kuriomis siekia atsiliepti į naujus poreikius bei reikalavimus, tačiau tai – minimalūs pokyčiai, faktiškai nekeičiantys įstaigos dydžio ir darbo principų, o deklaruojami inovatyvūs požiūriai ir veiklos tikslai prasilenkia su tikrove institucijos viduje.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: institucionalizmo teorija, deinstitucionalizacija, psichikos sveikatos priežiūra, socialinė globa.Deinstitutionalisation in Lithuania: Minimal Changes in the “Maximalist” Organisations Eglė Šumskienė
Summary The article employs the institutional theory to examine the influence of institutional environments on the structure and function of mental health and social care organizations as well as their resistance to the reform. On the basis of statistical data collected by responsible organizations, the dynamics of mental health and social care organizations’ practice, changes in the numbers of clients and employees are analysed. These alterations allow evaluating the status quo and actual direction of the mental health care reform. The usual institutional response to deinstitutionalization is the modification of activities by introducing new services which respond to the emerging requirements. Nevertheless, these are minimal changes since they do not influence the size of an institution and the principles of its work. Innovative attitudes and organisational goals are of declarative character as they do not correspond to the poor institutional reality. Key words: institutional theory, deinstitutionalisation, mental health and social car
Norminis vyriškumas tėvystės praktikose
Get PDFSummaryIn the article, there are analysed 30 semi-structured interviews conducted by the author in 2011–2013 with men aged 23–44 and having small children. The aim of the study was to analyse power relations in fathering practices created by normative masculinity. The study participants’ experiences are analysed by usingR. W. Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity and T. Coles’ concept of mosaic masculinity as well as the fatherhood models historically formed in the country.The survey has revealed that the normative masculinity conceptions prevailing in Lithuanian society are manifested out in the study participants’ fathering practices. Non-compliance to one feature of normative masculinity undermines their confidence in themselves and encourages men to highlight the other features of normative masculinity in fathering or to rethink the prevailing norms of masculinity and to search for alternative ways to secure confidence in themselves as men and fathers.Key words: normative masculinity, hegemonic masculinity, power relations, fatheringVilniaus universiteto Lyčių studijų centrasDidlaukio g. 47, VilniusTel. (8-5) 244 24 43El. paštas: [email protected]
Straipsnyje nagrinėjami autorės 2011–2013 m. atlikti 30 pusiau struktūruotų interviu su 23–44 m. vyrais, turinčiais mažamečių vaikų. Straipsnio tikslas yra panagrinėti norminio vyriškumo kuriamus galios santykius tyrimo dalyvių tėvystės praktikose. Tyrimo dalyvių patirčiai analizuoti pasitelkiami R. W. Connell hegemoninio, T. Coleso mozaikinio vyriškumo sampratos ir istoriškai šalyje susiformavę tėvystės modeliai.Tyrimo analizė atskleidė, kad Lietuvos visuomenėje dominuojančios vyriškumo sampratos pasireiškia tiriamųjų tėvystės praktikose. Vieno norminio vyriškumo bruožo neatitikimas kelia nepasitikėjimą savimi ir skatina vyrus pabrėžti kitus norminio vyriškumo bruožus tėvystės praktikose arba permąstyti visuomenėje vyraujančias vyriškumo normas ir ieškoti alternatyvių būdų, kad užsitikrintų pasitikėjimą savimi būdami vyrai ir tėvai.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: norminis vyriškumas, hegemoninis vyriškumas, galios santykiai, tėvystės praktikos.Normative Masculinities in Fathering Practices Lina Šumskaitė
Summary In the article, there are analysed 30 semi-structured interviews conducted by the author in 2011–2013 with men aged 23–44 and having small children. The aim of the study was to analyse power relations in fathering practices created by normative masculinity. The study participants’ experiences are analysed by using R. W. Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity and T. Coles’ concept of mosaic masculinity as well as the fatherhood models historically formed in the country. The survey has revealed that the normative masculinity conceptions prevailing in Lithuanian society are manifested out in the study participants’ fathering practices. Non-compliance to one feature of normative masculinity undermines their confidence in themselves and encourages men to highlight the other features of normative masculinity in fathering or to rethink the prevailing norms of masculinity and to search for alternative ways to secure confidence in themselves as men and fathers. Key words: normative masculinity, hegemonic masculinity, power relations, fatherin
Socialinio darbo profesijos (ne)galia visuomenėje
Get PDFSummaryThis paper deals with the question whether or not social work is a powerful player within the society. The perspective is a German one, but reflects the situation in the other European and Non-European countries. Its aim is to develop a multi-perspective model of understanding that in return can prove the situation in any country.In a first step the problem of power is related to a theory of symbolic generalised media. As according to Talcott Parsons, it is shown here that only a balanced combination of different media, like money, power and influence will lead to successful social actions. In a second step the reality of social fields after Pierre Bourdieu is focused. This helps to understand the importance of all players, resources and aims. Using the theory of communicative action of Jurgen Habermas it discusses what dimensions of social action are involved and how they relate to each other. And after stressing the possibilities of lobbying in the mass media, conclusions are formulated. So the article shows some of the biggest obstacles but also the possibilities for social work becoming a powerful player in post-modern societies.Evangelische Hochschule Dresden (Vokietija)[email protected]
(LACK OF) POWER AND THE PROFESSION OF SOCIAL WORKHarald Wagner
SummaryThis paper deals with the question whether or not social work is a powerful player within the society. The perspective is a German one, but reflects the situation in the other European and Non-European countries. Its aim is to develop a multi-perspective model of understanding that in return can prove the situation in any country.In a first step the problem of power is related to a theory of symbolic generalised media. As according to Talcott Parsons, it is shown here that only a balanced combination of different media, like money, power and influence will lead to successful social actions. In a second step the reality of social fields after Pierre Bourdieu is focused. This helps to understand the importance of all players, resources and aims. Using the theory of communicative action of Jurgen Habermas it discusses what dimensions of social action are involved and how they relate to each other. And after stressing the possibilities of lobbying in the mass media, conclusions are formulated. So the article shows some of the biggest obstacles but also the possibilities for social work becoming a powerful player in post-modern societies
Kvietimas socialiniam dialogui
Get PDF2011 metų pavasarį išleistas pirmasis Tarptautinės socialinio darbo mokyklų asociacijos (IASSW) žurnalas ,,Social Dialogue“. Įžanginiame straipsnyje tuometinė IASSW prezidentė Honkongo universiteto profesorė Angelina Yuen pažymėjo, kad leidinio tikslas – sukurti erdvę, kurioje socialinio darbo dėstytojai galėtų dalytis patirtimi bei tarptautinio bendradarbiavimo idėjomis. Galimybė dalytis su kolegomis žinojimu, laimėjimais, problemomis – tai ir galimybė tobulėti profesionaliai
Innovation or Stagnation – Social Work Organisations as Models of Behaviour for Clients
Get PDFTavistock Institute of Human Relations1T: (+44) 020 7417 0407F: (+44) 020 7417 0566E: [email protected]:www.tavinstitute.orgW: www.grouprelations.comPresented at the conference:Reconstructing social work strategies in relation to authority and powerUniversity of Vilnius8th November 2013
SummaryThe profession of social work is fundamentally concerned about the persisting problems of socially alienated people and communities. Social work, by relying on its long heritage of practical experience, intelligent conceptual models and leading edge methodologies for change, works consistently to develop radically different approaches to helping clients. They do so by challenging the government, welfare agencies and charities to review their strategies and practices across society as a whole. The profession of social work also has to manage the tension between a prevailing view of welfare services as a burden on the public purse and one which views welfare services as being for the good of society as a whole. Social policies and good social work services are a wise form of endowment in the potential of individuals and communities whose considerable resources and strengths for their and society’s mutual benefit are otherwise wasted.Key words: welfare; social work; sustainability; alienation; autonomy and independence; power and authority.Tavistock Institute of Human Relations1T: (+44) 020 7417 0407F: (+44) 020 7417 0566E: [email protected]:www.tavinstitute.orgW: www.grouprelations.comPresented at the conference:Reconstructing social work strategies in relation to authority and powerUniversity of Vilnius8th November 2013
SummaryThe profession of social work is fundamentally concerned about the persisting problems of socially alienated people and communities. Social work, by relying on its long heritage of practical experience, intelligent conceptual models and leading edge methodologies for change, works consistently to develop radically different approaches to helping clients. They do so by challenging the government, welfare agencies and charities to review their strategies and practices across society as a whole. The profession of social work also has to manage the tension between a prevailing view of welfare services as a burden on the public purse and one which views welfare services as being for the good of society as a whole. Social policies and good social work services are a wise form of endowment in the potential of individuals and communities whose considerable resources and strengths for their and society’s mutual benefit are otherwise wasted.Key words: welfare; social work; sustainability; alienation; autonomy and independence; power and authority
Reflektavimo kompetencijos struktūra socialinio darbo studentams atliekant praktikas
Get PDFSummaryThe article discloses structural components of reflection competency, which distinguished themselves during social work students’ professional practice. The results of factor analysis allow stating that the structure of social work students’ reflection competency encompasses reflection on learning and for learning, self-reflection and reflection in learning as well as abilities of critical thinking and problem solving, experiential analysis and learning from experience. It was found during the research that during the practice social work students successfully applied three abilities of reflection on experience competency: reflection in learning, on learning and for learning. Students’ least mastered skills making up the self-reflection ability are recognition and management of lived emotions, critical thinking and problem solving.Key words: social work practice, reflection competency, reflection abilities, student, higher education institutionŠiaulių valstybinės kolegijosSveikatos priežiūros fakultetoSocialinio darbo katedraM. K. Čiurlionio g. 16a, LT-76228 ŠiauliaiTel. (8 41) 52 41 66El. paštas:[email protected]
Straipsnyje atskleidžiami reflektavimo kompetencijos komponentai, išryškėję socialinio darbo studentų profesinėje praktikoje. Faktorinės analizės rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad socialinio darbo studentų reflektavimo kompetenciją sudaro refleksijos apie mokymąsi ir mokymuisi, savirefleksijos ir refleksijos mokantis bei kritinio mąstymo ir problemų sprendimo, patirties analizės ir mokymosi iš patirties gebėjimai. Tyrimo metu išryškėjo, kad socialinio darbo studentai praktikose sėkmingai taiko tris patirties reflektavimo kompetencijos gebėjimus – reflektavimą mokantis (ko?), apie mokymąsi (ką?) ir mokymuisi (kam?). Menkiausiai studentų įgyti savirefleksijos gebėjimą sudarantys įgūdžiai yra išgyvenamų emocijų atpažinimas ir valdymas bei kritinis mąstymas ir problemų sprendimas.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: aukštoji mokykla, reflektavimo gebėjimai, reflektavimo įgūdžiai, reflektavimo kompetencija, socialinio darbo praktika, studentas.
THE STRUCTURE OF REFLECTION COMPETENCY DURING SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS’ PRACTICESRemigijus Bubnys
SummaryThe article discloses structural components of reflection competency, which distinguished themselves during social work students’ professional practice. The results of factor analysis allow stating that the structure of social work students’ reflection competency encompasses reflection on learning and for learning, self-reflection and reflection in learning as well as abilities of critical thinking and problem solving, experiential analysis and learning from experience. It was found during the research that during the practice social work students successfully applied three abilities of reflection on experience competency: reflection in learning, on learning and for learning. Students’ least mastered skills making up the self-reflection ability are recognition and management of lived emotions, critical thinking and problem solving.Key words: social work practice, reflection competency, reflection abilities, student, higher education institutio
Asmeninių kompetencijų reikšmė tarpdisciplininės komandos veikloje
Get PDFSummaryA complex support of a person in a difficult life situation requires coordinated efforts of specialists representing various professional fields. The quality of support and successful interdisciplinary team work in general depends not only on the complexity of the task, but also on competencies demonstrated by individual members of a team and the whole team in general. In the article the significance of personal competencies in interdisciplinary teams is analysed, based on the opinions survey of professionals working in early childhood intervention services. The method of expert evaluation (questionnaire) was used. Respondents were asked to compose two lists of competencies: firstly, to cognitively reflect on competencies which they considered important for the team work and, secondly, to recall most important competencies which they observed in practice and which most contributed to the successful team work. The lists of competencies composed by professionals revealed that in the current stage of interdisciplinary cooperation (when traditions of common work of different professionals are not yet strong) experts allocate the highest importance to competencies closely related to personal qualities of a colleague, such as agreeableness (revealed in the cognitive reflection) and openness to new experience (revealed in practice reflection).Key words: interdisciplinary team, personal competence, reflection.Vilniaus universitetasSocialinio darbo katedraUniversiteto g. 9/1 – 309 kab.LT-01513 VilniusTel. 8 615 17 924El. paštas: [email protected]
Šio straipsnio tikslas – remiantis skirtingoms disciplinoms atstovaujančių specialistų nuomonių tyrimu aptarti asmeninių kompetencijų reikšmę tarpdisciplininių ankstyvosios intervencijos vaikystėje komandų veiklai. Įvairioms profesinėms sritims atstovaujančių specialistų kompleksinė pagalba rizikos situacijoje esančiam žmogui reikalauja darnių veiksmų. Tokių veiksmų sėkmė priklauso ne tik nuo sprendžiamos problemos sudėtingumo, bet ir nuo kompetencijų, kurias demonstruoja atskiri komandos nariai ir visa komanda. Ankstyvosios intervencijos tarnybų specialistų sudaryti kompetencijų sąrašai parodė, kad dabartiniame tarpdisciplininio bendradarbiavimo etape (nesant senų tokio bendradarbiavimo tradicijų) didžiausia reikšmė yra skiriama komandos nario geranoriškumui ir atvirumui patirčiai.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: tarpdisciplininė komanda, asmeninė kompetencija, refleksija.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PERSONAL COMPETENCIES IN THE WORK OF AN INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAMVioleta Gevorgianienė
SummaryA complex support of a person in a difficult life situation requires coordinated efforts of specialists representing various professional fields. The quality of support and successful interdisciplinary team work in general depends not only on the complexity of the task, but also on competencies demonstrated by individual members of a team and the whole team in general. In the article the significance of personal competencies in interdisciplinary teams is analysed, based on the opinions survey of professionals working in early childhood intervention services. The method of expert evaluation (questionnaire) was used. Respondents were asked to compose two lists of competencies: firstly, to cognitively reflect on competencies which they considered important for the team work and, secondly, to recall most important competencies which they observed in practice and which most contributed to the successful team work. The lists of competencies composed by professionals revealed that in the current stage of interdisciplinary cooperation (when traditions of common work of different professionals are not yet strong) experts allocate the highest importance to competencies closely related to personal qualities of a colleague, such as agreeableness (revealed in the cognitive reflection) and openness to new experience (revealed in practice reflection).Key words: interdisciplinary team, personal competence, reflection
Ugdymas dirbant su jaunimu: jaunimo neformaliojo ugdymo kokybės paieškos
Get PDFSummaryThe main focus of the article is put on the core principles of youth non-formal education (NFE) and their (non)compatibility with the need to improve and maintain the quality of NFE. The aim for quality is a priori legitimate in the liberal societies in all spheres of life. Nevertheless the means for quality improvement often have authoritarian, restrictive, formalising or standardising characteristics that are not compatible with main values, principles and aims of non-formal education: freedom, voluntarism and development of a conscious individual. The article describes the phenomenon of non-formal education in European and Lithuanian contexts, the concept and criteria of quality in non-formal education and existing practices for quality improvement are analysed.Key words: youth non-formal education, quality, recognition, liberty.Vilniaus universitetasUniversiteto g. 9/1VilniusTel. (8 5) 266 76 25El. paštas: [email protected]
Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas jaunimo neformaliojo ugdymo (JNU1) bruožų ir principų (ne)suderinamumas su poreikiu gerinti šio ugdymo kokybę. Laikomasi pozicijos, kad kokybės siekis liberalioje visuomenėje yra būdingas visoms sritims ir pripažįstamas legitimiu a priori, tačiau priemonės, kuriomis yra siekiama kokybės, neretai pasižymi autoritarinėmis, ribojančiomis ir formalizuojančiomis savybėmis, kurios iš esmės yra nesuderinamos su JNU vertybėmis, principais ir tikslais. Aprašomas jaunimo neformaliojo ugdymo reiškinys Europos ir Lietuvos kontekstuose, nagrinėjama jaunimo neformaliojo ugdymo kokybės samprata, kriterijai ir esamos kokybės gerinimo praktikos.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: jaunimo neformalusis ugdymas, kokybė, pripažinimas, laisvė.
EDUCATION IN YOUTH WORK: IN SEARCH FOR QUALITY IN YOUTH NON-FORMAL EDUCATIONJustina Garbauskaitė-Jakimovska
SummaryThe main focus of the article is put on the core principles of youth non-formal education (NFE) and their (non)compatibility with the need to improve and maintain the quality of NFE. The aim for quality is a priori legitimate in the liberal societies in all spheres of life. Nevertheless the means for quality improvement often have authoritarian, restrictive, formalising or standardising characteristics that are not compatible with main values, principles and aims of non-formal education: freedom, voluntarism and development of a conscious individual. The article describes the phenomenon of non-formal education in European and Lithuanian contexts, the concept and criteria of quality in non-formal education and existing practices for quality improvement are analysed.Key words: youth non-formal education, quality, recognition, liberty