Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika
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Socialiai globojamų vyresnio amžiaus asmenų gyvenimo kokybės veiksniai
Get PDFSummarySocial scientists emphasize the importance of elucidating the factors that influence the quality of life of elderly people, especially those in need of social assistance. Aim: to present findings of an empirical theory-grounded research on the factors of the quality of life of socially dependent elderly people living in long-term care institutions. Methods: The data were collected in half-structured interviews and analysed by the constructivist version of the grounded theory methodology by K. Charmaz. Elderly people (aged 60–92), living in residential care institutions, were interviewed.Results and conclusions. While analysing 21 semi-structured interviews with assisted elderly people, the following main factors of the quality of life were identified: (1) independence and self-sufficiency;(2) re-creating the important life moments; (3) sustaining lively social connections with important social actors; (4) acceptance of assistance services; (5) vitality (both physiological and psychological). Also, two latent factors were identified: (6) eventuality which manifests as a catalyst of all processes; (7) financial decisions which are fundamental for sustaining the desired level of the quality of life.Vilniaus universitetasFilosofijos fakultetasSocialinio darbo katedraUniversiteto g. 9/1, LT-01513 VilniusEl. paštas: [email protected]
Straipsnio tikslas yra: pristatyti ir atskleisti vyresnio amžiaus asmenų gyvenimo ilgalaikės socialinės globos įstaigose kokybės veiksnius. Tyrimas atliktas taikant kokybinę metodologiją. Empiriniai duomenys surinkti pusiau struktūruoto 21 interviu metu ir analizuoti konstruktyvistinės grindžiamosios teorijos metodu (Charmaz 2006).Rezultatai ir išvados. Vyresnio amžiaus socialiai globojamų asmenų gyvenimo kokybės vertinimo veiksniai yra savarankiškų sprendimų priėmimas, vitališkumo išlaikymas, gyvybingo ryšio su svarbiais asmenimis puoselėjimas ir pagalbos priėmimas. Taip pat aptikti du latentiniai veiksniai – atsitiktinumas, kuris veikia kaip visų socialinių procesų katalizatorius, ir priimami finansiniai sprendimai. Atlikto kokybinio tyrimo rezultatai galėtų būti naudingi kuriant vyresnio amžiaus socialiai globojamų asmenų gyvenimo kokybės užtikrinimo programas ir individualiai dirbant su socialiai globojamais vyresnio amžiaus asmenimis.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: gyvenimo kokybė, vyresnio amžiaus asmenysThe Quality of Life Factors of Assisted Elderly People Urtė Lina Orlova
Summary Social scientists emphasize the importance of elucidating the factors that influence the quality of life of elderly people, especially those in need of social assistance. Aim: to present findings of an empirical theory-grounded research on the factors of the quality of life of socially dependent elderly people living in long-term care institutions. Methods: The data were collected in half-structured interviews and analysed by the constructivist version of the grounded theory methodology by K. Charmaz. Elderly people (aged 60–92), living in residential care institutions, were interviewed. Results and conclusions. While analysing 21 semi-structured interviews with assisted elderly people, the following main factors of the quality of life were identified: (1) independence and self-sufficiency; (2) re-creating the important life moments; (3) sustaining lively social connections with important social actors; (4) acceptance of assistance services; (5) vitality (both physiological and psychological). Also, two latent factors were identified: (6) eventuality which manifests as a catalyst of all processes; (7) financial decisions which are fundamental for sustaining the desired level of the quality of life
Pažeidžiamos gyventojų grupės: iššūkiai užimtumui
Get PDFSummaryThe review of the research on labour market groups at risk covers research conducted in the period between 2004 and 2010. It includes applied research carried out at the request of public authorities or other concerned authorities, as well as doctoral dissertations. Mostly, the research focused on such labour market groups at risk as disabled persons, youth and elderly people. The review revealed that special research on the situation of groups at risk in the labour market is a valuable source of information, since there is a lack of information on the national level. A further analysis of issues related to the integration of labour market groups at risk and instruments for reintegration of these groups into labour market would be of great importance.Keywords: labour market groups at risk, disabled people, youth, elderly people.Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetasVerslo vadybos fakultetasSocialinės ekonomikos ir vadybos katedraSaulėtekio al. 11, 602 kab., LT-10223 VilniusEl. paštas: [email protected] socialinių tyrimų centroDarbo ir socialinių tyrimų institutasA. Goštauto g. 11, LT-01108 VilniusEl. paštas: [email protected]
Straipsnio tikslas – apžvelgti išskirtų tikslinių grupių situaciją darbo rinkoje kintančių ekonomikos iššūkių kontekste ir suformuoti gaires tolesniems tyrinėjimams.Į apžvalgą pateko kompetentingų tyrėjų valstybės arba kitų suinteresuotų institucijų užsakymu atlikti darbai, daktaro disertacijos. Siekiama atskleisti pažeidžiamų gyventojų grupių integraciją į darbo rinką lemiančius veiksnius, nusakant, kaip skirtingo lygio socialinės ir užimtumo politikos įgyvendintojai efektyviausiai prisidėtų prie šių integravimosi procesų. Į apžvalgą taip pat įtraukti darbai, kurių pagrindinis tikslas nėra tiesiogiai susijęs su pažeidžiamų asmenų padėties darbo rinkoje problematika, tačiau rezultatai yra reikšmingi atsižvelgiant į skirtingų gyventojų grupių specifiką. Daugelis tyrimų yra taikomojo pobūdžio.Problematika, susijusi su rizikos grupių padėtimi ir perspektyvomis šalies darbo rinkoje, yra gana siaura, tačiau nuolat plečiasi – apima vis naujas socialinės ir užimtumo politikos sferas, o tai sudaro gerą pagrindą tolesniems tyrimams. Šiuo metu Europos užimtumo politikos kontekste plėtojama įtraukiosios darbo rinkos koncepcija (2010) numato didesnį darbingo amžiaus žmonių užimtumą, užtikrinantį asmeninę raidą. Šios vizijos pasiekimas numato galimybių patekti į darbo rinką didinimą, įskaitant ir sugrįžimą į ją po pertraukos, taip pat išsilaikymą darbo rinkoje ir visišką integraciją į ją. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama pažeidžiamų gyventojų grupių situacija, jos pokyčiai įvertinami per įtraukiosios darbo rinkos koncepcijos prizmę. Tyrimo metodai: straipsnio pagrindą sudaro lyginamoji statistinių duomenų analizė, specialių tyrimų rezultatai, 2004–2010 m. Lietuvoje įgyvendintų tyrimų (studijų), susijusių su darbo rinkoje pažeidžiamų gyventojų problematika, kritinė analizė, pritaikant įtraukiosios darbo rinkos koncepcijos nuostatas.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: darbo rinkoje pažeidžiamos gyventojų grupės, neįgalieji, jaunimas, pagyvenę asmenys.
VULNERABLE GROUPS: EMPLOYMENT CHALLENGESLaima Okunevičiūtė Neverauskienė, Julija Moskvina
SummaryThe review of the research on labour market groups at risk covers research conducted in the period between 2004 and 2010. It includes applied research carried out at the request of public authorities or other concerned authorities, as well as doctoral dissertations. Mostly, the research focused on such labour market groups at risk as disabled persons, youth and elderly people. The review revealed that special research on the situation of groups at risk in the labour market is a valuable source of information, since there is a lack of information on the national level. A further analysis of issues related to the integration of labour market groups at risk and instruments for reintegration of these groups into labour market would be of great importance.Keywords: labour market groups at risk, disabled people, youth, elderly people
Neįgalaus jaunimo karjeros projektavimo kompetencijų ypatumų atskleidimas žinių visuomenės kontekste
Get PDFSummaryThe career designing competence of young people with disability has been analysed in this article. The concepts of career, career designing, and disability have been identified in this article. Research data has been collected using the semi-structured interview method. The quantitative research of young people with disability has been presented in this article in order to reveal the importance of career designing for successful career planning and development. Results of this research showed that young people are faced with various problems in choosing career paths or integrating into the labour market. Also, the peculiarities of young people career planning, realisation and management have been revealed in this article.Key words: career designing, disability, career, labour market.Šiaulių universitetas,Vilniaus g. 88, LT-76285 ŠiauliaiEl. paštas: [email protected] RUDOKAITĖVytauto Didžiojo universitetas,K. Donelaičio g. 58, LT-44248 KaunasEl. paštas: [email protected]
Straipsnyje analizuojamos jaunimo, turinčio negalią, karjeros projektavimo kompetencijos. Pateikti karjeros, karjeros projektavimo, neįgalumo sąvokų apibūdinimai. Siekiant atskleisti karjeros projektavimo svarbą sėkmingos karjeros planavimui ir raidai, atliktas pusiau struktūruotas interviu, kurio rezultatai parodė, kad jauni žmonės susiduria su įvairiomis problemomis rinkdamiesi profesinį kelią ar integruodamiesi į darbo rinką. Atliktas tyrimas išryškino jaunimo karjeros planavimo, realizavimo, valdymo, naujų kompetencijų įgijimo ypatumus, socialinės atskirties reikšmę, įgyjant išsilavinimą, realizuojant sėkmingos karjeros viziją.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: karjeros projektavimas, neįgalumas, karjera, darbo rinka.
EVALUATION OF CAREER DESIGNING COMPETENCE OF YOUNG PEOPLE WITH DISABILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETYRasa Rudžinskienė, Judita Rudokaitė
SummaryThe career designing competence of young people with disability has been analysed in this article. The concepts of career, career designing, and disability have been identified in this article. Research data has been collected using the semi-structured interview method. The quantitative research of young people with disability has been presented in this article in order to reveal the importance of career designing for successful career planning and development. Results of this research showed that young people are faced with various problems in choosing career paths or integrating into the labour market. Also, the peculiarities of young people career planning, realisation and management have been revealed in this article.Key words: career designing, disability, career, labour market
Jaunų ilgalaikių bedarbių integracijos į darbo rinką ypatumai
Get PDFSummaryThe theatrical features of young people unemployment and integration into the labour market have been analysed. The concepts of labour market, unemployed, young long-term unemployed have been identified. The main factors of young people integration into the labour market have also been examined. The quantitative and qualitative research of young unemployed and employers is presented in the article in order to characterise the most important features of young long-term unemployed as well as to create their social portrait. The research has been accomplished in order to represent the youth opinion of labour exchange services and their quality. This research has also helped to reveal the reasons for youth (long-term) unemployment in the employers’ and young people’s opinion.Key words: labour marker, young long-term unemployed, social portrait.Šiaulių universitetas, Vilniaus g. 88 Šiauliai,tel. (+370 611 66794)El. paštas: [email protected] analizuojami jaunimo nedarbo ir integracijos į darbo rinką teoriniai ypatumai. Įvardytos darbo rinkos, bedarbių, ilgalaikių jaunų bedarbių sąvokos. Išanalizuoti pagrindiniai veiksniai, turintys įtakos jaunimo integracijai į darbo rinką. Remiantis atliktais tyrimais išryškintas jaunų ilgalaikių bedarbių socialinis portretas, kurį pasitelkus identifikuoti pagrindiniai jauno ilgalaikio bedarbio bruožai. Pateikta jaunimo nuomonė apie Darbo biržos teikiamas paslaugas ir jų kokybę. Išanalizuotos jaunų ilgalaikių bedarbių neįsidarbinimo priežastys darbdavių ir jaunuolių požiūriu.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: darbo rinka, jauni ilgalaikiai bedarbiai, socialinis portretas.Peculiarities of Young Long-term Unemployed Integration in to the Labour MarketRasa RudžinskienėSummaryThe theatrical features of young people unemployment and integration into the labour market have been analysed. The concepts of labour market, unemployed, young long-term unemployed have been identified. The main factors of young people integration into the labour market have also been examined. The quantitative and qualitative research of young unemployed and employers is presented in the article in order to characterise the most important features of young long-term unemployed as well as to create their social portrait. The research has been accomplished in order to represent the youth opinion of labour exchange services and their quality. This research has also helped to reveal the reasons for youth (long-term) unemployment in the employers’ and young people’s opinion.Key words: labour marker, young long-term unemployed, social portrait
Construction of Pupil Identities at School
Get PDFSummarySeveral theorists who have analysed education on the micro-level have illustrated how mutual relations and process interpretation influence the education results. Furthermore, these authors show why relations are more beneficial to some pupils than to others. However, explanations why some pupils tend to benefit more are still simplistic, addressing only some of involved agents. This paper analyses how pupil identities in school are constructed. A teacher – one of the agents involved in the education process – holds the power to control the education process of pupils. Additionally, he has power to reinterpret the identities of other involved agents. However, although a teacher has power to state pupil connections to school, a pupil has power not to accept or follow the teacher’s definitions. In this paper, I show how these two agents interpret pupil’s identity and how differences in the interpretation occur. I approach identity construction at school from the perspective of three involved agents – pupils,teachers, and classmates. I analyse the text of 34 interviews with teachers and pupils. The analysis is structured so that it could represent three important agents that can influence identity construction, i. e. teachers, pupils, and classmates. I conclude that there are differences how pupil identity is influenced by the mentioned agents.Key words: school, identities, education
nbsp;LU Advanced Social and Political Research institutePhone: +371 67 140 233e-mail: [email protected]
Several theorists who have analysed education on the micro-level have illustrated how mutual relations and process interpretation influence the education results. Furthermore, these authors show why relations are more beneficial to some pupils than to others. However, explanations why some pupils tend to benefit more are still simplistic, addressing only some of involved agents. This paper analyses how pupil identities in school are constructed. A teacher – one of the agents involved in the education process – holds the power to control the education process of pupils. Additionally, he has power to reinterpret the identities of other involved agents. However, although a teacher has power to state pupil connections to school, a pupil has power not to accept or follow the teacher’s definitions. In this paper, I show how these two agents interpret pupil’s identity and how differences in the interpretation occur. I approach identity construction at school from the perspective of three involved agents – pupils,teachers, and classmates. I analyse the text of 34 interviews with teachers and pupils. The analysis is structured so that it could represent three important agents that can influence identity construction, i. e. teachers, pupils, and classmates. I conclude that there are differences how pupil identity is influenced by the mentioned agents.Key words: school, identities, educationMokinių identiteto konstravimas mokyklojeMikelis GrivinsSantraukaTeoretikai, analizuodami švietimo procesą mikrolygmeniu, apibūdina tarpusavio santykių organizacijoje poveikį švietimo rezultatams. Be to, tyrėjai atskleidė, kad skirtingi moksleiviai gauna nevienodą naudą. Tačiau pateikiami aiškinimai per daug supaprastinti. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamas mokinių identiteto konstravimas mokykloje. Analizuojant 34 interviu su mokiniais ir mokytojais, išskiriami trys svarbūs konstruojant mokinio identitetą dalyvaujantys veikėjai: mokiniai, mokytojai ir klasės draugai.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: mokykla, identitetas, švietimas
Saugumo jausmo konstravimas neformalioje jaunimo subkultūroje
Get PDFSummaryThere still are no empirical ethnological or anthropological studies on the ‘sense of security’ construction in non-formal subcultural youth groups in Lithuania. The results of the current research offer a premise that organization of non-formal subcultures is influenced by the sense of insecurity. In the paper, the sense of security is taken as a positive experience, a sense of community, proactivity. The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the possibilities and peculiarities of constructing the ‘sense of security’ within the non-formal youth subculture, focusing on the construction of links of trust and creation of a safe social environment. In 2004–2008, an ethnographic research was conducted while preparing a doctoral dissertation at the Vytautas Magnus University. Afterwards, the participation in subcultural activities was found to make one trust more in him / herself and others, help one to express him / herself, strengthen the inner ‘me’. Within the subculture, non-formal links based on trust dominate, thus creating a “safe” social environment.Key words: non-formal subculture, values, sense of security, social organization.Vilniaus dailės akademijosKauno fakulteto / Aukštųjų studijų fakultetoHumanitarinių mokslų katedraMuitinės g. 4 LT-44280 Kaunas. Tel. (8-37) 20 36 34El. paštas: [email protected]
Lietuvoje empirinių etnologinių ar antropologinių tyrimų „saugumo jausmo“ konstravimo neformaliose jaunimo subkultūrose tema iki šiol nėra atlikta, išskyrus etnologinius E. Ramanauskaitės jaunimo subkultūrų tyrimus (2001, 2004). Straipsnio autorės atliktų tyrimų rezultatai leidžia daryti prielaidą, kad būrimuisi į socialines grupes turi įtakos nesaugumo jausmas visuomenėje. Straipsnyje asmens saugumo jausmas traktuojamas kaip pozityvios patirtys, bendrumo jausmas, proaktyvumas. Straipsnio tikslas – ištirti saugumo jausmo konstravimo galimybes ir ypatumus jaunimo subkultūrinėje bendruomenėje, pabrėžiant pasitikėjimo ryšių ir saugios aplinkos kūrimą analizuojamos subkultūros viduje. Atlikus etnografinį tyrimą atskleista, kad dalyvavimas grupės veikloje teikia pasitikėjimo savimi ir kitais, o pačios subkultūros viduje, yra retų išimčių, dominuoja pasitikėjimu grįsti neformalūs ryšiai, sukuriantys saugumo jausmą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: neformali subkultūra, vertybinės orientacijos, saugumo jausmo konstravimas, socialinė organizacija.Constructing ‘sense of security’ within non-formal youth subcultureReda ŠatūnienėSummaryThere still are no empirical ethnological or anthropological studies on the ‘sense of security’ construction in non-formal subcultural youth groups in Lithuania. The results of the current research offer a premise that organization of non-formal subcultures is influenced by the sense of insecurity. In the paper, the sense of security is taken as a positive experience, a sense of community, proactivity. The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the possibilities and peculiarities of constructing the ‘sense of security’ within the non-formal youth subculture, focusing on the construction of links of trust and creation of a safe social environment. In 2004–2008, an ethnographic research was conducted while preparing a doctoral dissertation at the Vytautas Magnus University. Afterwards, the participation in subcultural activities was found to make one trust more in him / herself and others, help one to express him / herself, strengthen the inner ‘me’. Within the subculture, non-formal links based on trust dominate, thus creating a “safe” social environment.Key words: non-formal subculture, values, sense of security, social organization
Responsibility as a social capital phenomenon in the eyes of young people. International perspective
Get PDFSummaryIn this article, we analyse the phenomenon of responsibility and its understanding among young people from Visegrad countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary). Using the AGA research method, 400 students of the last stages of economic faculties in capital and local universities were examined. The results indicate a personal rather than a social dimension of responsibility. We also found some patterns to depend on the country. Young Poles’ responsibility is more related to the subjective dimension, Hungarians’ to social, Czechs’ to affective, and Slovaks’ to moral one.Key words: responsibility, young people, social capital.Department of Psychology of Development and EducationSocial Science FacultyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 210-975 Olsztyn, Poland
In this article, we analyse the phenomenon of responsibility and its understanding among young people from Visegrad countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary). Using the AGA research method, 400 students of the last stages of economic faculties in capital and local universities were examined. The results indicate a personal rather than a social dimension of responsibility. We also found some patterns to depend on the country. Young Poles’ responsibility is more related to the subjective dimension, Hungarians’ to social, Czechs’ to affective, and Slovaks’ to moral one.Key words: responsibility, young people, social capital.Jaunimo požiūris į atsakomybę kaip į socialinį kapitalą . Tarptautinė perspektyvaBeata Krzywosz-RynkiewiczSantraukaŠiame straipsnyje analizuojama, kaip jaunimas iš Vyšegrado šalių (Lenkijos, Čekijos, Slovakijos, Vengrijos) supranta atsakomybę. Naudojant AGA metodą buvo ištirta 400 skirtingų universitetų studentų, besimokančių paskutiniuose ekonomikos fakultetų kursuose. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad atsakomybė labiau suvokiama asmeniniu, o ne socialiniu lygmeniu. Be to, egzistuoja skirtumai tarp šalių.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: atsakomybė, jaunimas, socialinis kapitalas
Paauglių priklausomybė nuo socialinių tinklų internetinėje erdvėje
Get PDFoai:ojs.www4063.vu.lt:article/1390SummarySocial networks are rapidly progressing means of information circulation. It is noticeable that social networks are a centre of attraction for teenagers. The frequent and long login to social networks develops into addiction. The aim of this research has been to reveal how teenagers’ behaviour is influenced by social networks. To achieve this aim, quantitative analysis and theoretical, empirical methods were applied. During the investigation, it has been revealed that teenagers’ behaviour is influenced by social networks. Although the majority of teenagers claim that they are not addicted to social networks, however, addiction to social networks manifests itself psychologically, socially and, to a lesser extent, physiologically. Consequently, the teenagers’ behaviour is dependent on social networks.Key words: teenagers, addiction, social networks on the internet.Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasK. Donelaičio g. 58 LT-44248 KaunasTel. (8 37) 32 78 20El. paštas: [email protected] tinklai – greitai populiarėjanti informacijos sklaidos priemonė. Pastebima, kad socialiniai tinklai paaugliams yra traukos vieta. Dažnas ir ilgas paauglių prisijungimas prie socialinių tinklų skatina priklausomybę. Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti paauglių, priklausomų nuo socialinių tinklų, naudojimosi jais ir elgesio ypatumus. Atliekant tyrimą naudotas kiekybinis aprašomasis metodas, anketinė apklausa raštu. Atliekant tyrimą atskleista, kad paaugliams būdingas priklausomas nuo socialinių tinklų elgesys. Nors daugelis paauglių teigia, kad nėra priklausomi nuo socialinių tinklų, tačiau gana stipriai pasireiškia priklausomas paauglių elgesys nuo jų psichologiniu, socialiniu ir kiek mažiau fiziologiniu požiūriu.Pagrindinės sąvokos: paaugliai, priklausomybė, socialiniai tinklai internetinėje erdvėje.Teenagers’ Addiction to Social Networks on the InternetTomas BacysSummarySocial networks are rapidly progressing means of information circulation. It is noticeable that social networks are a centre of attraction for teenagers. The frequent and long login to social networks develops into addiction. The aim of this research has been to reveal how teenagers’ behaviour is influenced by social networks. To achieve this aim, quantitative analysis and theoretical, empirical methods were applied. During the investigation, it has been revealed that teenagers’ behaviour is influenced by social networks. Although the majority of teenagers claim that they are not addicted to social networks, however, addiction to social networks manifests itself psychologically, socially and, to a lesser extent, physiologically. Consequently, the teenagers’ behaviour is dependent on social networks.Key words: teenagers, addiction, social networks on the internet