Slavistica Vilnensis
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Сербский cтoлпный апракос Равулы (ок. 1353 г.): происхождение, особеннocти языка, cтруктура
No full textThe paper presents a description of a Serbian (Raška school) manuscript (Dublin, The Chester Beatty Library, W 158), previously kept in the National Library of Serbia in Belgrade (No. 213), where it formed a single volume with the Octoechos of 1353 (written by hieromonk Daniel in the church of St. Paraskeva the Martyr, located in the Siriniči district near Prizren (the Octoechos part of the volume is now kept in the Houghton Memorial Library at Harvard, Cod. Slav. 2).The article gives a survey of the four manuscripts known to be written by monk Ravula, and argues that the Dublin codex was also written by him at the same place (in the church of St. Paraskeva in the village of Sredska) and time as the Octoechos of 1353. The contents of the Dublin manuscript can be described as a columnar lectionary, containing readings from both the Gospels and the Acts and Epistles. The article presents the case that when it was kept in Belgrade, the Ravula Lectionary must have contained nearly twice as many folia as it contains now, and the analysis reconstructs the structure of its lost portion. A reconstruction of the prehistory of the Dublin codex is also presented
Slovanski izvor baltskih jezikov in baltsko-slovanski mitološki fragment v Thunmannovem traktatu Untersuchungen über die alte Geschichte einiger Nordischen Völker (1772)
No full textV prispevku gre za interpretacijo odnosov med slovanskimi in baltskimi jeziki v znanstvenem traktatu šveda M. Johanna Thunmanna. Po njegovem mnenju so baltski jeziki del slovanske jezikovne družine. Zaradi intenzivne migracije Slovanov so pozneje nastali posamezni slovanski jeziki predvsem na jugu, drugi pa so ostali na Baltiku. Vse te (dejansko baltske) jezike avtor imenuje “ostali letonski jeziki”. V drugem delu prispevka se srečamo z avtorjevo zmedo v kompilativnem obravnavanju slovanske in baltske mitologije oz. teonimov, kar nas pripelje k zanimivim zaključkom o obstoju nekega sakralnega stavka o Perkūnasu, ki ga je poznal že Lasicki, slednji sicer ni omenjen v Thunmannovem besedilu. To pomeni, da je možno, da gre za sakralni stavek, ki so ga poznalo več avtorjev
О причинах и механизмах развития закона открытых слогов в праславянском
Get PDFThe article comprises three essays. The first is a discussion of the major hypotheses in the literature concerning possible causes and chronology of the Common Slavic (CSl) law of the open syllable as presented in the well-known works of Bernshtein, Shevelov, Stieber, Carlton, and others.It is demonstrated that the traditional explanations of this phenomenon either are teleological in nature (as if prescribing a general goal for some of the CSl developments), or are based on typologically unverified assumptions (such as generalization of the open syllables to all positions in a word).The second essay considers the structure and primary properties of the so-called dynamic model of the tendency toward open syllables. It is noted, that an obligatory prerequisite to the development of this tendency is an open nature of all word-final syllables. So, the starting point for this tendency in CSl was the loss of all final consonants; the well-known simplifications of consonant clusters were caused by this change. The rise of the nasal vowels, the pleophony/metathesis of TăRT–groups (where R represents both r and l), and, apparently, the development of prothetic consonants are also associated with this tendency. CSl changes that are not associated with the syllabic structure of a word should not be treated as realizations of the open-syllable law.The typological data show also that the tendency toward open syllables in a given language usually is an effect of a strong substratum influence on that language. The last essay of the article discusses which language could produce such an influence on CSl. It is the author’s opinion that the tendency toward open syllables, and other CSl innovations, were the result of influence from Scytho-Sarmatian dialects which could affected CSl dialects in the last centuries B.C. and the first centuries A.D. This proposal takes into account a series of hypotheses about the origin and development of the pre-historic Slavs by the outstanding Russian archaeologist Valentin Sedov
Средний залог в славянских и балтийских языках: некоторые проблемы таксономии
No full textВ статье рассматриваются таксономические вопросы, связанные с описанием возвратных форм славянского и балтийского глагола. В функциональном и типологическом отношении эти формы, унаследовавшие функции древних форм среднего залога, и в синхронном плане следует считать не возвратными, а собственно медиальными. В новейших грамматиках славянских и балтийских языков преобладает словообразовательный подход к категории возвратности; в грамматике польского языка, кроме того, часть возвратных конструкций относится к синтаксису. В данной статье приводятся аргументы в пользу возвращения к словоизменительной концепции возвратности, т.е. к концепции возвратного или, точнее, среднего залога. Автор старается показать, что отказ от словоизменительной концепции возвратности не только не приносит удовлетворительных решений для некоторых существенных таксономических проблем, связанных с описанием возвратных форм, но и влечет за собой новые проблемы как для грамматического, так и для лексикографического описания славянского и балтийского глагoла. Рассматриваются две возможные точки зрения на место возвратных форм в залоговой системе глагола: (1) возвратный (средний) залог в трехчленной залоговой системе (действительный : средний : страдательный), и (2) залоговая система с двумя независимыми противопоставлениями (действительный : страдательный и средний : несредний)
